Deck 5: The Chemical and Physical Environment

Question 1

Scope for growth is

A) The amount of food consumed after the reproductive period
B) The difference between the amount assimilated from food and the cost of metabolism
C) The metabolic rate multiplied by the assimilation rate of food
D) All of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Poikilotherms

A) Are conformers with regard to body temperature
B) Are regulators with regard to body temperature
C) Always lose heat to the surrounding sea water
D) None of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If water temperature increases

A) Body temperature of homeotherms decreases
B) Body temperature of poikilotherms always increases
C) Metabolic rate always increases
D) Metabolic rate compensates by decreasing

Answer 3

B

Question 4

At the southern extent of a poikilotherm species' range

A) The species probably will reproduce in summer
B) The species' survival will be at its limit in winter
C) The species will never survive
D) The species probably will reproduce in winter

Question 5

Marine homeotherms have a problem in sea water because

A) They are always in variable temperature conditions
B) They have low concentrations of hemoglobin
C) They are likely to be losing heat to the water
D) Sea water tends to cool down much faster than air

Question 6

When sea water freezes

A) Some fish may produce glycoproteins to lower the freezing point of sea water
B) The unfrozen water will have a higher salt content
C) Enzymes may not function
D) All of the above

Question 7

Osmosis involves

A) The movement of dissolved salts across a membrane
B) The movement of dissolved salts and pure water across a membrane in one direction
C) The movement of pure water across a membrane in the direction of higher salt concentration
D) Behavior that allows an individual to move to a habitat with favorable salinity

Question 8

When salinity increases, many invertebrates react by

A) Rapidly taking up inorganic salts
B) Degrading amino acids, to produce cellular ammonia
C) Synthesizing urea
D) Synthesizing free amino acids

Question 9

Damage caused by temperature could be recognized by increases in

A) Ubiquitin
B) Osmolytes
C) Sodium ion
D) Dimethyl tin

Question 10

Osmolytes are chemically

A) Indistinguishable from inorganic ions
B) Of only one type, found only in mammals and marine reptiles
C) Diverse, but restricted to organically derived compounds
D) Diverse, but restricted to inorganic ions

Question 11

As oxygen concentration in sea water decreases

A) Oxygen consumption decreases proportionately
B) Oxygen consumption is about the same over a broad range of ambient concentration
C) Metabolic rate tends to increase
D) Body temperature increases

Question 12

Oxygen consumption rate is a good measure of

A) Body size
B) Body temperature
C) Scope for growth
D) Metabolic rate

Question 13

A population from higher latitude of an intertidal rocky shore species

A) Will have individuals that always function at lower latitudes better than local individuals.
B) Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better lower down in the intertidal than higher in the intertidal
C) Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better higher up in the intertidal than lower down
D) Will have individuals that never can survive at lower latitudes.

Question 14

The Bohr effect involves

A) A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the right
B) A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the left
C) An increase of pH, which degrades hemoglobin
D) An increase of pH, which results in release of oxygen from blood pigments into the blood

Question 15

At the time of low tide, intertidal animals may

A) Reduce metabolic rate
B) Respire directly from air, if the air is not dry
C) Shift metabolism to anaerobic pathways
D) All of the above

Question 16

A blood pigment containing copper is

A) Hemerythrin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Hemocyanin
D) Chlorocruorin

Question 17

Lactate buildup in the blood

A) Decreases the rate of oxygen consumption
B) Increases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen
C) Decreases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen
D) Tends to degrade hemocyanin molecules

Question 18

The reduction of loss of heat from a porpoise's flipper is explained by

A) Strong constriction of arteries
B) A countercurrent heat exchange system
C) Having the veins in the flipper surrounded by arteries
D) Decreased metabolic rate in the flipper

Question 19

Heat shock proteins

A) Increase in activity when temperature suddenly increases
B) Decrease in activity when temperature suddenly increases
C) Cause a major shock and send a marine organism into a torpor
D) Occur only in vertebrates

Question 20

Which of the following is not a likely response to high temperature stress in a poikilotherm?

A) Increase of metabolic rate
B) Increase of production of ubiquitin
C) Increase of uncharged amino acids
D) Increase of body temperature

Question 21

Some Antarctic fish may freeze because

A) There is sea ice in the water, which keeps the temperature at zero ºC
B) Their salt content is less than that of sea water
C) They tend to swim to deeper depths where the water is colder
D) All of the above

Question 22

Dissolved oxygen is often very low at the base of the thermocline in the open ocean because

A) Many fish congregate there
B) It is low from there, on down to the deep sea bottom, because of poor mixing with surface water
C) Fine-grained organic matter accumulates there, and microorganisms consume oxygen as they break down this material
D) This is the depth of the North Atlantic Deep Water, which is very low in dissolved oxygen

Question 23

Most bioluminescent organisms use

A) Luciferin
B) Hemerythrin
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium ion