Deck 15: Population, Immigration, and Urbanization

Question 1

The most racially and ethnically diverse major city in the United States is

A) Houston
B) Atlanta
C) San Diego
D) Seattle

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Demography is

A) the study of human populations
B) the study of the physical process of aging
C) the study of the social process of aging
D) the study of the social experience of immigration

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The movement of people from one nation to another is called

A) immigration
B) emigration
C) internal migration
D) refugee flight

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The overall trend in global demographics is

A) increased birth rates and increased death rates
B) lowered birth rates and lowered death rates
C) increased birth rates and lowered death rates
D) lowered birth rates and increased death rates

Question 5

For much of human history, population growth was hindered by

A) high abortion rates
B) the use of contraceptives or abstinence to prevent pregnancy
C) high infant mortality rates
D) high infertility rates

Question 6

Which statement about the relationship between birth and date rates globally is accurate?

A) The death rate and birth rate have both declined at the same pace.
B) The death rate and birth rate have both remained constant.
C) The birth rate has declined faster than the death rate.
D) The death rate has declined faster than the birth rate.

Question 7

Thomas Malthus was the first demographer to argue that

A) Nations should implement policies to prevent population growth from overwhelming agricultural production.
B) Cities should be designed to allow people to easily walk to schools and businesses
C) Residential areas and commercial areas should be strictly separated.
D) Humans are migratory animals, and national borders are an artificial and dangerous effort to reshape human behavior.

Question 8

Each of the following is a demographic challenge for wealthy nations EXCEPT

A) immigration from nations that are poorer
B) increased number of elderly people
C) stress on the agricultural system's ability to feed the national population
D) an increased average age for the population as fewer babies are born

Question 9

The term "demographic divide" describes

A) the overabundance of food in nations with slow growth rates and the lack of food in nations with high growth rates
B) the time before and after the Age of Exploration that began in the early 1400s as European explorers began to colonize in the New World, which would later lead to massive migration to North and South America, including the forced migration of enslaved Africans
C) the time before and after the agricultural revolution that began in England in the mid-17th century and led to massive increases in agricultural productivity
D) a general pattern of global population growth, in which poor countries have higher birth rates and shorter life expectancies, while wealthy countries have lower birth rates and longer life expectancies

Question 10

For people who experience hardship early in life but who overcome it,

A) there is no impact of those early difficult years on their health in old age
B) old age is actually easier for them than for people who did not face such hardships because they developed resiliency earlier in life
C) the impact of early hardships have a negative impact on health in old age
D) memories of hardship remind them that they can cope with old age, so they have better attitudes about aging

Question 11

Which nations must address the challenges of a population that includes a high ratio of old to young people?

A) South Korea, Kenya, and Mali
B) Mali, Ethiopia, and Australia
C) Nigeria, Kenya, and Australia
D) The U.S., Japan, and Germany

Question 12

On almost every continent, population growth

A) has remained steady since the 1800s
B) is at replacement rate
C) is above replacement rate
D) is below replacement rate

Question 13

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) The world's young and old populations are increasing at the same rate.
B) The world's young and old populations are declining at the same rate.
C) The world's young population is increasing faster than its young one.
D) The world's older population is increasing faster than its young one.

Question 14

You live in a nation where the birth rate is above the replacement rate but is slowing. At the same time, people are living longer, but the nation has no public pension plan, so many people who are old are very poor. Many younger workers emigrate, leaving the nation in pursuit of better economic opportunity elsewhere. Where do you live?

A) The United States
B) Germany
C) Nigeria
D) Iran

Question 15

Which field of study studies the aging process and the social implications of it?

A) Gerontology
B) Geriatrics
C) Demography
D) Social demography

Question 16

In wealthier nations, people over the age of 65 are

A) less likely to be working than are elderly people in poorer nations
B) more likely to be working than are elderly people in poorer nations
C) more likely than people under 45 to have not had any children or only to have had one
D) underrepresented among users of health care

Question 17

In most public pension systems around the world, people are eligible to begin receiving full benefits

A) in exchange for providing some unpaid care for young children or people who are even older than they are
B) as soon as choose, though taking benefits before a certain age will reduce the total amount of money they can receive
C) between the ages of 65 and 67
D) only if they no longer work, which frees up more jobs for younger works

Question 18

The replacement rate is

A) the ratio of people paying into a nation's pension system (like the U.S.'s social security program) to the number of people taking funds from it; in other words, the employee to retiree ratio
B) the number of children that need to be born to each woman in order to sustain current population levels
C) the ratio of children being born to people dying each year
D) the ratio of people under 5 and over 65

Question 19

Over the last decades, the number of facilities and services caring for the elderly in the U.S. has

A) declined by one-third
B) increased by one-third
C) remained steady
D) declined by two-thirds

Question 20

The infant mortality rate is a measure of

A) the percentage of pregnancies that end in abortion in a year
B) the rate of death of children under age 1 who die in a year
C) the percentage of pregnant women who die during pregnancy or childbirth of medical causes related to pregnancy in a year
D) the percentage of women in a population who get pregnant despite using contraception in a year

Question 21

Globally, the term "city"

A) has no standard definition
B) describes a place with a population density of at least 1,000 people per square kilometer
C) describes a local government entity that provides basic services for its residents, including clean water, and can levy taxes for these purposes
D) describes a place that has a distinct physical boundary around it rooted in geological formations (such as a river, a mountain, or a desert) that limits its expansion in at least two directions

Question 22

The world's first cities of more than 200,000 people included

A) Cairo in present-day Egypt, Chicago in the present-day U.S., and London in present day England
B) Babylon in present-day Iran, Patna in present-day India, and Rome in present-day Italy
C) Boston in the present-day U.S., St. Petersburg in present-day Russia, and Beijing in present-day China
D) Mexico City in present-day Mexico, Calgary in present-day Canada, and Aleppo in present-day Syria

Question 23

What major world event accelerated urbanization in the U.S. and Europe during the 1800s?

A) The Age of Exploration
B) The Cultural Revolution
C) The American Revolution
D) The Industrial Revolution

Question 24

The Industrial Revolution contributed to all of the following EXCEPT

A) the development of modern banking, which emerged to finance urban growth
B) the development of the farm-to-table movement, which stresses eating local foods
C) the growth of social reform movements, who often centered their work on addressing social problems that arose out of urbanization
D) the shift to the nuclear family, as more people lived farther from their families of origin and were no longer able to rely on extended family in the same way as they had

Question 25

Today, about _______ of people live in cities worldwide.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 55%
D) 85%

Question 26

Medieval cities remained relatively small because

A) poor nutrition inhibited the growth of individuals, so they did not need much space
B) walls around the city designed to protect them from attack also preventing them from growing
C) many urban dwellers used contraception to prevent pregnancy
D) people lacked the technology to build bridges to span waterways, which limited the routes into and out of cities and thus their growth

Question 27

Organized, professional police departments arose to address crime in the

A) 1600s
B) 1700s
C) 1800s
D) 1900s

Question 28

Urban planning includes

A) agricultural policy governing large farms
B) zoning laws to control growth
C) giving people the individual freedom to build houses that best suit their needs, regardless of public safety
D) printing newspapers

Question 29

People often move from cities to suburban areas to live in a place with

A) more economically diverse families
B) more commercial activity
C) lower population density
D) a more racially diverse population

Question 30

Paradise Valley, Arizona is about 25 minutes away from Phoenix by car, so many people choose to live in this town of just under 13,000 people and commute to Phoenix, which has 1.6 million residents, for work. Paradise Valley is more than 95% white. Most residents are married, with about one-third having children in the home. The average household income is more than double that of residents of Phoenix. Paradise Valley is a

A) suburb of Phoenix
B) rural area
C) conurb
D) megacity

Question 31

What was the name of the suburb built outside of New York City after World War II that is often seen as the model suburb?

A) Levittown
B) Broadacre City
C) Brambleton
D) Greater Boston

Question 32

When urban and suburban areas grow together to create a single, geographically large metropolitan area, this is called

A) conurbation
B) rural decline
C) suburbanization
D) urbanization

Question 33

People living in exurban areas will typically spend a lot of time

A) driving to work
B) inside, because the public area is not safe
C) enjoying life as a retiree
D) farming

Question 34

"Suburban sprawl" is characterized by

A) thoughtfully planned, highly efficient public transportation that moves many people daily without stress or strain
B) older adults living in urban settings designed with their unique social and health needs in mind
C) low-density, single-family housing in areas that were formerly rural, leading to traffic congestion on roads not designed for significant population growth
D) condominiums and apartments occupied by young adults who do not want to care for houses and yards that they own

Question 35

All of the following are examples of global cities EXCEPT

A) London
B) Texarkana (which spans the Texas and Arkansas border)
C) Singapore
D) Tokyo

Question 36

The global elite

A) promote economic cooperation between rural and urban areas of a region
B) seek to protect affordable housing so that urban places a remain livable for a diversity of people, not just the wealthy
C) are more connected to other global cities than to the region where they primarily live
D) defend the traditions of rural ways of life in the face of suburban encroachment

Question 37

The majority of potential buyers in London's wealthiest neighborhoods are

A) residents whose families have been in the area for generations
B) young adults in well-paying jobs in technology fields
C) people who have made their fortune in sports and entertainment
D) very wealthy people from other nations

Question 38

A poor neighborhood in an urban area includes several buildings that are in disrepair. Though many people living there are older adults who have owned their homes for decades, rising costs of living make it difficult for them to feel financially secure. Even though the neighborhood lacks resources like sidewalks, the cost of real estate is high enough to make buying a house affordable for young adults, and so many people who grew up there have moved out of the area.
Real estate investors have begun to purchase decrepit buildings and tear them down, then replace them with commercial buildings that they think will appeal to wealthier people, including people willing to commute to a tech company in a different part of the city. This, in turn, causes property values-and, subsequently, taxes-to rise in the neighborhood. More people are considering selling their houses in order to take advantage of the higher property values, but they would be unable to purchase a new home in the area if they do so.
The neighborhood is undergoing

A) suburbanization
B) conurbation.
C) racial covenanting
D) gentrification

Question 39

Today, most of the world's population increase is in

A) urban areas in developing nations
B) suburban areas in wealthy nations
C) rural areas in developing nations
D) exurban areas in wealthy nations

Question 40

The HI-B is

A) a category of temporary visas for immigrant workers to enter the U.S. if they are highly-educated in a specialized occupation
B) a zoning law that prevents a city from building new housing if more than 3% of current housing is unoccupied
C) a city ordinance that prevents more than 5% of a city's housing to be used as short-term rental property for tourists, such as AirBnB
D) an informal agreement among white neighbors not to sell real estate in a neighborhood to people of color or religious minorities

Question 41

Which nation currently accepts more immigrants than any other in the world?

A) Nigeria
B) Canada
C) The United States
D) Panama

Question 42

Globally,

A) the rate of immigration is higher today than in the 1950s but much lower than it was in the 1920s.
B) immigration has slowed but not stopped since the 1960s
C) immigration has slowed to almost none since the Great Depression
D) there is more immigration than ever before.

Question 43

The difference between migration flow and migration stock, in terms of measuring and observing immigration as a social phenomenon, is

A) flow describes immigrants with specialized and unique skills that the native workforce does not have, while stock describes those who have few specialized skills
B) flow describes those who are first-generation immigrants, while stock describes those who intend on remaining in the nation
C) flow describes immigrants who are in a nation for a specific purpose for a short term, such as vacation, a business trip, or studying abroad; stock describes those who are in the nation long-term for work.
D) flow describes the number of people coming and leaving another country given period of time, while stock describes the total number of immigrants in a nation in a particular moment

Question 44

Internal migration is different from immigration in that

A) by definition, it is never permanent
B) it is illegal except in very rare cases
C) it is always from rural to urban areas
D) it is within a nation

Question 45

An immigrant is someone who

A) crosses a national border without permission to leave their state or enter another
B) crosses a national border to seek a new home either temporarily or permanently
C) moves more than 500 km, whether that involves crossing a national border or not
D) moves from one culture to another, whether than involves crossing a national border or not

Question 46

To overcome the demographic divide, immigrants may move from

A) poor countries to rich countries
B) countries with high average ages to countries with low ones
C) rural to urban areas
D) urban to rural areas

Question 47

Between 1864 and 1924, more than half of immigrants leaving Europe came to

A) Central and Latin America
B) Australia and New Zealand
C) Canada
D) the U.S.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a push factor in immigration?

A) Ethnic cleansing of people of your ethnic group in the nation you are leaving
B) Ethnic cleansing of people in your ethnic group in the nation you are seeking to enter
C) Policies that allow people with your particular skill set to easily find well-paying work in the nation you are entering
D) The presence of family members who already live in the nation you want to move to

Question 49

Which of the following is a pull factor in immigration?

A) Ethnic cleansing of people of your ethnic group in the nation you are leaving
B) The presence of strong family ties in the nation you are leaving
C) Poor job opportunities in the nation you want to move to
D) The presence of a family member in the nation you want to move to

Question 50

Today, most of the Jewish people in the world live in Israel and

A) the U.S.
B) Western Europe
C) Russia
D) other nations in the Middle East

Question 51

A citizen is someone who is

A) a legal member of a nation-state
B) a legal resident, even if not a member, of a nation-state
C) a person with a strong identification with a nation-state, regardless of their legal status
D) a person with a strong identification with a community, even if they do not live near it

Question 52

The policy that permitted people brought to the U.S. without documentation by their parents to remain in the U.S. rather than to be deported to a nation where they may have had few or no connections and did not understand the language or culture was called

A) the national quota system
B) MAGA
C) DACA
D) the Chinese Exclusion Act

Question 53

A Day Without Immigrants actions seek to draw attention to

A) the positive social and economic impact of immigrants to the U.S.
B) the lowered crime rates in immigrant communities in the U.S. compared to among native-born people
C) the net positive contribution that immigrants make to the U.S. tax base
D) the dependency that rural hospitals have on immigrant physicians

Question 54

Research consistently suggests that anti-immigrant movements are motivated by all of the following EXCEPT

A) racism
B) religious bigotry
C) worry about competition for highly skilled jobs requiring significant education
D) dislike of foreign cultures and languages

Question 55

In recent years, globally, anti-immigration backlash has been

A) steady
B) declining
C) growing
D) growing in the U.S. but declining in Europe

Question 56

California is the U.S. state with the highest number of immigrants. It also has

A) higher crime rates in immigrant communities than in non-immigrant ones
B) little racial diversity because most of its immigrants are white Europeans
C) little work available to immigrants because of its weak agricultural economy
D) high levels of support for humane immigration policies and immigrant rights

Question 57

AIPAC is a lobby that promotes

A) US support for Jewish people and Israel
B) anti-immigrant policies
C) pro-immigrant policies
D) the rights of agricultural farmworkers

Question 58

From the early 20th century until the 1960s, immigration to the U.S. was restricted by a quota based on

A) the nation of origin of an immigrant
B) the religion of an immigrant
C) the educational status of an immigrant
D) the age of an immigrant

Question 59

Americans and Canadians who retire to Central America commonly cite all of the following reasons for going there EXCEPT

A) they are returning to places where they have ancestral roots
B) the cost of living is cheap compared to the U.S.
C) they want to live in warm climates
D) healthcare is affordable in these locations

Question 60

For most Americans who retire to a foreign country,

A) they give up their U.S. citizenship
B) their privilege increases.
C) they make significant financial sacrifices to live abroad
D) they help the local economy by lowering the cost of living for natives