Deck 10: Marriage, Family, and the Law

Question 1

Which of the following groups of people would meet Talcott Parson's definition of a "family of procreation"?

A) Michelle and Barack Obama and their daughters Malia and Sasha
B) Donald Trump, his first wife Ivanna, his second wife Marla Maples, and his third wife, Melania Trump, and his five children born to those women
C) Forty-first American president George W. Bush, his twin daughters Jenna and Barbara, and his daughter's children
D) Bill Clinton, his mother Virginia, and his father, William Jefferson Clinton Jr., who was killed in a car accident three months before the future president was born

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A group of people related by biological, legal, or emotional ties is called a

A) family
B) genealogy
C) marriage
D) kinship system

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Kinship systems include the words to describe relatives, the attitudes about different kinds of relatives, and the rules about

A) marriage
B) money
C) schooling
D) employment

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Members of a family can share the daily tasks that are necessary for survival, including cooking, cleaning, and caring for infants. These are a few examples of how a family can provide

A) emotional support
B) social support
C) financial support
D) psychological support

Question 5

Sociology provides a good background for people wanting to become marriage and family therapists because of the emphasis on

A) social problems and whose fault they are
B) mental health diagnoses and how the family can fix them
C) social relationships and social institutions
D) society and how people deal with society

Question 6

Recent research shows that highly educated, professionally successful, and high-earning people are __________ than ever to marry one another.

A) less likely, except for Asian-Americans,
B) more likely, except Asian-American,
C) less likely
D) more likely

Question 7

This field of study's main goal is to document how family members are related to each other.

A) Gastronomy
B) Genealogy
C) Genesiology
D) Geography

Question 8

Married couples in the United States are afforded several key rights that are not available to other couples, including all of the following EXCEPT

A) a person will receive Social Security benefits upon the death of their legally married spouse
B) being granted a special right of confidentiality, which prevents a person from being forced to testify in court against their spouse
C) paying only federal, not state or local, taxes as a married couple
D) insurance companies being required, by law, to provide family coverage to legally married couples

Question 9

Recent research on birth order effects shows that

A) first-born children are more hard-working and reliable than their siblings
B) middle children are more loyal and willing to compromise
C) youngest children are rebellious and attention-seeking
D) there is a modest relationship between birth order and social outcomes, such as educational attainment

Question 10

Research on the "second shift" of housework reveals that, in heterosexual couples,

A) women and men share the second shift work equally
B) men take on more of the second shift work
C) women take on more of the second shift work
D) all family members, including children, tend to do second shift work equally

Question 11

When compared to families in the real world, fictional media families are

A) more likely to be racial minorities
B) as likely to be interracial families
C) as likely to have same-sex couples
D) less likely to have single parents

Question 12

Industrialization placed pressure on the extended family in several ways, including

A) strengthening the household economy
B) forcing people to move to rural areas
C) making people live in larger homes
D) increasing residential mobility in search of jobs

Question 13

Recent research shows that conflicts over parenting styles impacts all members of the family and is associated with

A) a lower probability of child abuse and neglect
B) a lower probability of steady employment for parents
C) a higher probability of marital satisfaction
D) a higher probability of marital dissolution

Question 14

Research clearly shows that parental conflict is associated with

A) poorer employment achievement and increased likelihood of substance abuse for parents
B) poorer academic achievement and decreased likelihood of substance abuse for parents
C) poorer academic achievement and increased likelihood of substance abuse for children
D) poorer academic achievement and decreased likelihood of substance abuse for children

Question 15

Prior to 1983, when no-fault divorce laws became common among most states in the U.S., a person needed to prove that their spouse was at fault in order to divorce. The kinds of behaviors that could result in divorce included

A) adultery, mental illness, and substance abuse
B) underemployment, violence, and alcoholism
C) criminal conviction, debt, and abusive in-laws
D) abuse, excessive arguing, and drug addiction

Question 16

Today, approximately what percentage of married couples get divorced each year in the United States?

A) 2%
B) 4%
C) 10%
D) 12%

Question 17

Today, approximately what percentage of the adult population is currently divorced at any given time?

A) 2%
B) 4%
C) 10%
D) 12%

Question 18

Long-term data shows what trend in divorce rates in the U.S.?

A) An increase from 1960 to 1980, gradual decline since 1980, with today's divorce rate still higher than in 1960
B) An increase from 1960 to 1980, gradual decline since 1980, with today's divorce rate lower than in 1960
C) A decrease from 1960 to 1980, gradual decline since 1980, with today's divorce rate still higher than in 1960
D) An increase from 1960 to 1980, gradual decline since 1980, with today's divorce rate lower than in 1960

Question 19

Most of the decline in the divorce rate since 1980 has occurred within which group?

A) Couples with less education
B) Couples with more education
C) Couples with six or more children
D) Couples with five or fewer children

Question 20

Regarding heterosexual couples who get divorced, which statement is true?

A) Husbands tend to experience significantly larger declines in economic well-being than their husbands.
B) Wives tend to experience significantly larger declines in economic well-being than their husbands.
C) Husbands and wives experience similar declines in economic well-being.
D) Husbands and wives experience similar increases in economic well-being.

Question 21

Research shows that it is becoming more common for households in the United States to consist of

A) two parents and one child
B) two parents and three or more children
C) one adult
D) one adult and one child

Question 22

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, which of the following is considered a non-family household?

A) A married opposite-sex couple
B) A cohabitating opposite-sex couple
C) A grandmother with legal physical custody of her granddaughter
D) A woman, her niece, and her nephew, of whom she has custody

Question 23

Approximately what percentage of all children born in the United States today have parents who come from different racial groups?

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 24

The gender revolution in the 1970s in the United States

A) had a negative impact on children
B) saw an awareness raised around women's traditional roles as caregivers and contemporary roles as workers
C) saw men doing more of the housework than women
D) had no impact on the ways a family organizes paid and unpaid work

Question 25

Research shows that women who marry ________ are more likely to be criticized and punished for their desire to keep their unmarried name.

A) under-employed or unemployed men
B) single fathers
C) less educated and less wealthy men
D) more educated and more wealthy men

Question 26

Currently, more than two-thirds of people in the United States believe that same-sex couples should have the same legal rights as heterosexual couples. What age group shows the most support for this?

A) 75 years of age and older
B) 30 years of age and younger
C) 35-50 years of age
D) 55-65 years of age

Question 27

Which factor has been associated with a reduced likelihood of cohabitation?

A) Having your first child before your marriage
B) Having your first child within one year of marriage
C) Having no religious beliefs
D) Having extreme religious beliefs

Question 28

Children of divorced parents tend to have higher

A) levels of educational success
B) likelihood of their own marriages ending in divorce
C) levels of psychological well-being
D) likelihood of ever getting married

Question 29

Even in cases where marriage does not end in divorce, there is clear evidence that parental conflict is associated with

A) better academic achievement and increased likelihood of substance abuse for the children
B) better academic achievement and decreased likelihood of substance abuse for the children
C) poorer academic achievement and increased likelihood of substance abuse for the children
D) poorer academic achievement and decreased likelihood of substance abuse for the children

Question 30

What is the most important underlying principle of custody agreements?

A) That the children are spending enough time with each parent to maintain close bonds with each parent
B) That the children are spending enough time with each parent to determine who is the worst parent
C) That the parents have equal time with the children to avoid paying child support
D) That the parents are spending enough time with the children to determine if the children are being brainwashed by the other parent

Question 31

What type of custody involves the parents moving in and out of the house during their time of visitation, instead of the children moving?

A) "Bird's nest" custody
B) Joint custody
C) Joint legal custody
D) Joint physical custody

Question 32

"Bird's nest" custody is best suited for

A) a short time period
B) young children
C) parents who have a high level of conflict
D) parents who have significant others

Question 33

Currently, approximately what percentage of children in the United States live in a single-parent household?

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 34

Who is most likely to be a single parent in the United States today?

A) Wealthy women
B) Wealthy men
C) Women
D) Men

Question 35

Childhood poverty is strongly associated with families with

A) two parents
B) one parent
C) lesbian or gay parents
D) heterosexual parents

Question 36

In December 2014, Prince Albert and Princess Charlene of Monaco had twins, Princess Gabrielle and Prince Jacques. Princess Gabriella was born two minutes before Prince Jacques, but the laws of succession state that Prince Jacques will one day inherit the throne. What term best describes this type of kinship system?

A) Patriarchal
B) Matriarchal
C) Patrilineal
D) Multilineal

Question 37

Alice recently passed away and left her estate to her children, Jim and Pam, and asked for it to be split equally among them. This is an example of what type of kindship system?

A) Patriarchal
B) Matriarchal
C) Patrilineal
D) Multilineal

Question 38

Recent research shows that women living in poor communities often want to get married, but feel they should wait to do so until they have financial stability. However, they are often stuck in low-paying jobs with little room for advancement that leads to this financial stability. In addition, they tend to view being a mother as the most meaningful thing they can do and the most important source of identity in their lives. Thus, according to research, women living in poor communities tend to

A) have fewer children and have them closer together in age than women living in richer communities
B) have fewer children and have them farther apart in age than women living in richer communities
C) realize they have a likelihood of financial stability and finding a suitable partner to marry, thus delaying motherhood by more than five years compared to their counterparts living in richer communities
D) realize they have a low likelihood of financial stability and finding a suitable partner to marry, thus having children without a suitable partner to marry.

Question 39

According to research, married women are more likely to keep their last names if they

A) are single mothers and have an advanced degree.
B) are single mothers and live in a rural area.
C) work a minimum wage job.
D) have children with the person they are marrying.

Question 40

Actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt have several children together: Maddox (who was adopted by Jolie in Cambodia), Zahara (who was adopted by Jolie in Ethiopia), Shiloh (their first child together), Pax (who Jolie adopted from Vietnam), and their biological twins Knox and Vivienne, who were born in France. Pitt legally adopted Maddox and Zahara after being with Jolie for a year. However, when Pitt wanted to co-adopt Pax with Jolie after being together for almost three years, he was denied as Vietnam adoption law does not allow for unmarried couples to co-adopt. This is an example of bias in favor of

A) marriage
B) the wealthy
C) cohabitation
D) single mothers

Question 41

Sharon and Tabitha are cohabitating partners who have been together for nine years. Sharon has a spinal cord disability due to a car accident 12 years ago. They have decided to continue cohabitating, instead of getting married, because Sharon receives Social Security Disability benefits and would see a decrease or loss of benefits once she and Tabitha marry. This is an example of bias in favor of

A) lesbian and gay couples
B) cohabitation
C) marriage
D) single mothers

Question 42

Families encourage us to distinguish between our private family life and the public world that exists outside of our home, providing us with a set of rules that help us to think about how we are related to each other and how we should act in a given social situation. In this way, family is an example of

A) a society
B) a culture
C) an industry
D) an institution

Question 43

Young children learn about ___________ by watching the different clothes their parents wear, who does the cooking, who does the cleaning, and the different expectations for sons and daughters in the family.

A) parenting
B) primogeniture
C) sex
D) gender

Question 44

Fictional media families, when compared to families in the real world, tend to be

A) more likely to be depressed
B) more likely to be overweight
C) less likely to be wealthy
D) less likely to be chronically ill

Question 45

Trends in cohabitation and marriage show that

A) cohabitation has decreased since the 1960s
B) cohabitation is less likely now, than in the past, to end in marriage
C) nearly two-thirds of marriages today weren't preceded by cohabitation
D) nearly one-third of marriages today end in cohabitation

Question 46

Who out of the following is most likely to delay marriage?

A) Yolanda, a single female who is a Harvard professor, has a Ph.D. in chemistry, and makes $180,000 per year.
B) Katie, a single mother who lives in public housing and uses her food stamps and cash assistance to meet most of the needs of herself and her 5-year-old son.
C) Mateo, a male who works the day shift as a technician in a medical laboratory and overnight shift as a security guard at a power plant.
D) Zeke, who teaches math at the local high school and lives with his boyfriend, Josiah.

Question 47

Which of the following groups would meet Talcott Parsons' definition of "family of origin" for Jessica?

A) Jessica, her spouse, and their three children
B) Jessica and her spouse only
C) Jessica, her mother, her father, her two older brothers, and her neighbor
D) Jessica, her mother, her father, and her two older brothers

Question 48

Three important trends in marriage today include: the rise of divorce, the decision by many to delay marriage, and the

A) growth of transnational families
B) decline in lesbian and gay marriages
C) increase in marriage rates
D) decrease in boomerang kids

Question 49

The birth rate in the United States has increased the fastest among women

A) younger than 18
B) aged 20-25
C) aged 25-30
D) aged 35 and older

Question 50

Today, approximately what percentage of young adults in their 20s and 30s live with their parents?

A) 25%
B) 15%
C) 10%
D) 5%

Question 51

The increasing rate of boomerang kids can be attributed to many factors, including carrying increased student loan debt, the decision to marry later in life than in previous generations, and being

A) unemployed or under-employed
B) financially able to afford the high cost of housing
C) able to spend their parents' money
D) unwilling to work upon graduation from college

Question 52

In the United States today, approximately what percentage of all the children under the age of 18 live in immigrant families?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 53

Katerina and Josef immigrated to the United States from Poland, settling in western Pennsylvania. Katerina opened a bakery out of their home and Josef worked in the coal mines. Every few months, Katerina would send money to her younger brother, Ernst, who still lived in Poland. As Katerina and Josef's children were born and became old enough to work, they entered the coal mines and worked in the local grocery store, continuing to send money back to Uncle Ernst until he had saved enough to immigrate to the United States, as well. The money that Katerina, Josef, and their children sent to Ernst is termed

A) remittances
B) money orders
C) visas
D) green cards

Question 54

A form of a transnational family in Korea, where the mother lives with the children in a foreign country while the father stays behind to work, is called

A) oli, or "duck" families
B) schwan, or "swan" families
C) kirogi, or "wild geese" families
D) holub, or "pigeon" families

Question 55

In the United States, approximately what percentage of adults live alone?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 25%

Question 56

A nuclear family, defined as a traditional image of a family, pictures a heterosexual couple living together with their

A) dog and cat
B) parents
C) best friends
D) children

Question 57

In the Harry Potter series, Hermione Granger is an only child, born to a mother and father who are dentists. What term best describes this family type?

A) Nuclear family
B) Blended family
C) Transnational family
D) Extended family

Question 58

The 1970s television shows The Brady Bunch was one of the first to show this type of family, where Mike Brady marries Carol Martin. Mike's children, Greg, Peter, and Bobby become stepbrothers to Carol's children, Marcia, Jan, and Cindy. What term best describes this family type?

A) Blended family
B) Extended family
C) Nuclear family
D) Transnational family

Question 59

In the Harry Potter series, Harry goes to live with his maternal aunt, Petunia, her husband, and their child (Harry's cousin). What term best describes this family type?

A) Extended family
B) Transnational family
C) Nuclear family
D) Blended family

Question 60

In the Harry Potter series, Charlie Weasley, older brother of Ron, lives in Romania training dragons. The rest of his family remains in England, working and attending school. What term best describes this family type?

A) Extended family
B) Transnational family
C) Nuclear family
D) Blended family