Deck 6: Morality

Question 1

To call a judgment "factual" is to say that it is true.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Divine Command Theory seems to imply that if God commanded gratuitous acts of torture those acts would be right.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Virginia Held argues that if there is a social contract, it is actually a "domination contract."

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Carol Gilligan argued that there is a special sort of female thinking about ethical problems.

Question 5

"Is abortion wrong?" would be a

A) metaethical question.
B) normative ethical question.
C) factual question.
D) None of the above

Question 6

Moral objectivism says that where we have a moral judgment and its negation

A) both must be true.
B) both must be false.
C) one must be true and the other false.
D) None of the above

Question 7

To believe that moral judgments are like statements of taste would make one a

A) moral objectivist.
B) moral subjectivist.
C) utilitarian.
D) None of the above

Question 8

The "'X is right' means 'I approve of X'" version of moral subjectivism is unsatisfactory because it doesn't

A) specify what "X" is.
B) allow for moral debate.
C) say who "I" is.
D) None of the above

Question 9

"Moral preferences" (as defined by the text) are preferences for

A) good over evil.
B) how people should treat one another.
C) how I will treat you, but not how you will treat me.
D) None of the above

Question 10

To say that all moral beliefs are equally true would be to voice a form of

A) metaethical cultural relativism.
B) metaethical individual relativism.
C) normative relativism.
D) None of the above

Question 11

To say that we ought not to judge other cultures would be to voice a form of

A) metaethical cultural relativism.
B) metaethical individual relativism.
C) normative relativism.
D) None of the above

Question 12

Moral objectivism is

A) cognitivist.
B) moral anti-realist.
C) relativist.
D) None of the above

Question 13

"If you want to do X, then you ought to do Y" would be a

A) categorical imperative.
B) hypothetical imperative.
C) hypothetical syllogism.
D) None of the above

Question 14

"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." This quote is from

A) Adam Smith.
B) Jeremy Bentham.
C) Immanuel Kant.
D) John Rawls.

Question 15

"By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question." This quote is from

A) Adam Smith.
B) Jeremy Bentham.
C) Immanuel Kant.
D) John Rawls.

Question 16

John Rawls criticizes utilitarianism on grounds that it

A) doesn't acknowledge the importance of religion.
B) focuses too much on rules.
C) doesn't give enough protection to individuals.
D) None of the above

Question 17

"To evaluate a person's life we need a kind of 'binocular vision' to assess 'two strands of the good life.'" This quote is from

A) Aristotle.
B) Lawrence Kohlberg.
C) Jonathan Glover.
D) John Rawls.

Question 18

According to Glover, if one strand of the good life is happiness, the other would be

A) self-satisfaction.
B) flourishing.
C) virtue.
D) None of the above

Question 19

"What's ultimately wrong with cheating someone is not that you're a cheater but that they got cheated; what's ultimately wrong with being mean to someone is not that you're a mean person but that they got hurt." This quote (from the text) is a criticism of

A) utilitarianism.
B) virtue ethics.
C) an ethic of rules.
D) None of the above

Question 20

"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This quote is from

A) Carol Gilligan.
B) Nel Noddings.
C) Virginia Held.
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Question 21

According to Kolberg, the highest level of moral thinking is

A) thinking of right in terms of social roles and relationships.
B) recognizing and following abstract principles that apply to all humanity.
C) obeying authority and avoiding punishment.
D) None of the above

Question 22

"The moral imperative that emerges repeatedly in the women's interviews is an injunction to care, a responsibility to discern and alleviate the 'real and recognizable trouble' of this world. For the men Kohlberg studied, the moral imperative appeared rather as an injunction to respect the rights of others and thus to protect from interference the right to life and self-fulfillment." This quote is from

A) Carol Gilligan.
B) Nel Noddings.
C) Virginia Held.
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Question 23

"A globalization of caring relations would help enable people of different states and cultures to live in peace, to respect each other's rights, to care together for their environments, and to improve the lives of their children." This quote is from

A) Carol Gilligan.
B) Nel Noddings.
C) Virginia Held.
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Question 24

Charles W Mills criticizes Rawls for

A) not taking account of historical injustices.
B) not making rules that were "color-blind."
C) not stressing freedom and equality.
D) None of the above

Question 25

Explain Rawls concept of the "veil of ignorance." Why does Rawls think his principles would be chosen behind the veil? Why do others think the utilitarian principle would be chosen instead?

Question 26

"Moral judgments are simply statements of preference." In what ways, and for what reasons, has this version of moral subjectivism been modified?

Question 27

What does Mills mean by the "domination contract" How does this relate to his critique of Rawls?

Question 28

What is utilitarianism? What is the difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism?

Question 29

Give an account of Aristotle's ethics.