Deck 4: Socialization: Becoming Human and Humane

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE of sociobiology?

A) Most sociologists embrace sociobiology.
B) Sociobiologists assert that our genetic makeup wires us for social behaviors.
C) Sociobiologists assert that socialization informs our social behaviors to a greater extent than our genetic makeup.
D) Sociobiology is a nuanced theory; it acknowledges the complexities of social behavior.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sociobiology is considered a ______ because it often reduces complex social behaviors to single inherited traits.

A) reductionist theory
B) deductive theory
C) inductive theory
D) interactionist theory

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Why has Alice Rossi argued that we need to develop biosocial theories?

A) She believes that sociologists need to take sociobiology more seriously.
B) She believes that sociologists need to take socialization more seriously.
C) She believes that sociologists need to build both biological and social theories.
D) She believes that the theoretical perspectives underlying sociology are highly flawed.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the text, stories of neglected and abused children emphasize the importance of which of the following?

A) early social interaction
B) genetic makeup
C) independence
D) self-confidence

Question 5

Although socialization occurs at each level of analysis, most perspectives on socialization focus on the ______ level.

A) cellular
B) micro
C) meso
D) macro

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development of the self?

A) Humans are born with a social self.
B) Individual biology plays no part in determining a human's sense of self.
C) Individual biology is the primary factor in determining a human's sense of self.
D) Humans gradually develop a social self through interactions with others.

Question 7

The looking-glass self and role-taking are two processes that are part of ______.

A) structural-functional theory
B) feminist theory
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interaction theory

Question 8

Which of the following sociologists is responsible for the concept of the looking-glass self?

A) Charles H. Cooley
B) Erving Goffman
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Émile Durkheim

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE of the concept of the looking-glass self?

A) It is born out of conflict theory.
B) It indicates that we passively accept the judgements of others.
C) It suggests that we actively manipulate other people's views of us.
D) It assumes that our interpretations of other people's responses are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following sociologists is responsible for the concept of role-taking?

A) Max Weber
B) Charles H. Cooley
C) George Herbet Mead
D) W. E. B. Du Bois

Question 11

The process in which individuals take others into account by imagining themselves in the position of that other is called ______.

A) socialization
B) interaction
C) the looking-glass self
D) role-taking

Question 12

Cameron sees a boy getting bullied on the playground. He imagines how hard it would be to get picked on like that, which makes him feel empathy for his classmate. This is an example of which of the following processes?

A) resocialization
B) role-taking
C) cooperation
D) the looking-glass self

Question 13

Max is taking a chemistry exam. A part of him feels the urge to get up, leave, and go hang out with his friends. Another part of him knows that he should use the full time allotted to maximize his chance of getting a good grade. According to Mead, the part of him that wants to leave is the ______, and the part of him that knows he should stay is the ______.

A) I; me
B) me; I
C) Id; ego
D) Ego; id

Question 14

Two 5-year-olds are having a play date. One child tells the other that she should sit at the table because it's dinner time. She then pretends to serve her friend a meal. According to Mead, the children are in the ______ stage.

A) imitation
B) play
C) game
D) social-self

Question 15

Parents, guardians, siblings, or important individuals whose primary and sustained interactions are especially influential for the individual are referred to as ______.

A) looking-glass others
B) significant others
C) generalized others
D) agents of socialization

Question 16

Ariana is 8. She has a minor role in the school play. She understands what she's supposed to say and do, but she also understands the larger complexity of the production. According to Mead, Ariana is in the ______ stage.

A) imitation
B) game
C) play
D) generalized other

Question 17

When does a child's sense of the generalized other emerge?

A) moving from imitation stage to the play stage
B) moving from the play stage to the imitation stage
C) moving from the play stage to the game stage
D) moving from the game stage to the play stage

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a rite of passage?

A) informal schooling
B) weekly church services
C) high school graduation
D) resocialization

Question 19

______ are places that cut people off from the rest of society and control the process of resocialization.

A) Disciplinary institutions
B) Total institutions
C) Social institutions
D) Resocialization institutions

Question 20

Which of the following are known as the "transmitters of culture"?

A) the power elite
B) significant others
C) agents of socialization
D) social institutions

Question 21

Which of the following acts as the primary agent of socialization in early childhood?

A) the media
B) the family
C) peer groups
D) school

Question 22

Some argue that the most important agent of socialization during the teenage years is/are ______.

A) books
B) religious organizations
C) schools
D) peer groups

Question 23

Families and teachers are ______ agents of socialization.

A) secondary
B) formal
C) informal
D) macro-level

Question 24

Maria rewards her young daughter Libby with a cookie for using the bathroom on her own. This is an example of a positive ______.

A) sanction
B) mores
C) folkway
D) norm

Question 25

Which of the following refers to a person's wealth, power, and prestige ranking in society?

A) social stratification
B) social network
C) social class
D) income

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of reproduction of class?

A) working-class parents taking their children to religious services
B) working-class parents analyzing a child's reasoning for misbehaving
C) working-class parents enrolling their children in after school activities
D) working-class parents instilling in their children respect for authority and conformity to rules

Question 27

Television, computers, and other electronic devices are considered ______ agents of socialization at the ______ level.

A) formal; meso
B) formal; macro
C) informal; meso
D) informal; macro

Question 28

______ refers to multiple ties and interactions linking people and institutions across the borders of nation-states.

A) Multiculturalism
B) Pluralism
C) Transnationalism
D) Globalization

Question 29

Socialization begins when children go to school for the first time.

Question 30

Most sociologists believe that nature and nurture are equally important in shaping the individual.

Question 31

The process of socialization occurs at each level of analysis.

Question 32

Mead argued that role-taking is possible because humans have a unique ability to use and respond to symbols.

Question 33

The Me is the spontaneous, unpredictable, impulsive, and largely unorganized aspect of the self.

Question 34

The Me is the reflective capacity of the self.

Question 35

In the play stage, children prepare for role-taking by observing others and imitating their behaviors, sounds, and gestures.

Question 36

The generalized other is a composite of expectations from significant others.

Question 37

Resocialization always takes place in total institutions.

Question 38

A monastery is an example of a total institution.

Question 39

Becoming a parent is an example of a situation in which an individual undergoes resocialization.

Question 40

All socialization and resocialization is positive and functional.

Question 41

Upper-middle class parents tend to pass on to their children their cultural values of respect for authority and conformity to rules.

Question 42

The reproduction of class results from globalization.

Question 43

What is sociobiology? Where does it fit in the nature-versus-nurture debate? How do most sociologists respond to this argument?

Question 44

Compare and contrast the structural-functionalist and conflict perspectives of socialization.

Question 45

What do stories about isolated and abused children tell us about the significance of socialization?

Question 46

According to Mead, what are the two parts of the self? How do they interact with each other? Provide an example.

Question 47

What is the looking-glass self? Provide an example.

Question 48

According to Mead, what happens during each stage of the development of the self?

Question 49

What is the generalized other? Provide an example of a human experience that reflects an individual's internalization of the generalized other.

Question 50

What are rites of pages? Give examples of rites of passage that occur throughout the life cycle.

Question 51

In general, how successful are resocialization efforts to correct or reform behaviors defined as undesirable or deviant?

Question 52

Compare and contrast formal and informal agents of socialization. Provide one example of each.

Question 53

Why do many sociologists consider the family the most important agent of socialization?

Question 54

How does social class influence the way a child is socialized? How might it be beneficial for children to be socialized according to their family's social class? How might it be harmful?

Question 55

In what way is gender or race an important influencing agent of socialization?

Question 56

How is the rise and spread of electronic media changing the way individuals are socialized?

Question 57

What is transnationalism? How can transnationalism complicate a person's sense of self?