Deck 3: Winning Is Everything

Question 1

According to the essay on competition, research finds that competition ______.

A) leads to sophisticated and advanced thinking
B) increases overall success rates in-group projects
C) decreases prejudice
D) is inferior to cooperation as a general strategy of action

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Research on the "Prisoner's Dilemma" shows that ______.

A) Both players win when they cooperate.
B) Most people choose to go the game alone.
C) Both players win when they cooperate and most people choose to go the game alone.
D) None of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In their essay on "Winning Is Everything," Ruane and Cerulo argue that ______.

A) research consistently reveals that competition always enhances the quality of group interactions
B) cooperation promotes higher individual achievement and group productivity
C) prejudice actually declines under conditions of competition
D) cooperation is a fixed action pattern

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Research indicates that once people become aware of the benefits of cooperation, they ______.

A) immediately become more cooperative
B) often continue to utilize a competitive strategy of action
C) become more prejudice
D) become more group-oriented

Question 5

A review of over 200 studies of human performance finds that cooperation leads to ______.

A) higher individual achievement
B) higher group productivity
C) better problem-solving
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Culture against people refers to ______.

A) prejudicial culture
B) culture that promotes or leads to harmful consequences
C) dangerous countercultures like ELF or White supremacists
D) ideal culture

Question 7

An example of culture against people reviewed in Second Thoughts is ______.

A) Americans' commitment to competition
B) Americans' devaluing of age
C) our human tendency to trust others
D) our attraction to high stakes gambling

Question 8

When it comes to vacations ______.

A) Americans lead the world in the number of days we take off for vacation
B) the United States leads the world in its policy mandating paid vacations
C) the United States mandates that all workers receive some vacation
D) unlike its European counterparts, the United States does not require paid vacation time for workers

Question 9

Statements or ideas about what is worthwhile or good are ______.

A) beliefs
B) values
C) norms
D) ideals

Question 10

Prejudice refers to ______.

A) discriminatory behaviors toward minorities
B) prejudgment of individuals because of their social statuses
C) behavior void of thought
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Research indicates that in order to promote sophisticated thinking or reasoning, we should ______.

A) encourage cooperation
B) promote competition
C) encourage "outside the box" thinking
D) discourage dialectic reasoning

Question 12

In dialectic thinking, individuals ______.

A) consider contradictions and their solutions
B) zero in on solutions as soon as possible
C) maintain neutral positions and avoid decision making
D) None of these choices are correct.

Question 13

In general, study findings indicate that cooperation tends to hurt performance outcomes.