Deck 30: The End of the Cold War, Western Social Transformation, and the Developing World, 1963-1991

Question 1

In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed _____ at Camp David, Maryland.

A) the first treaty between an Arab country and the Jewish state
B) the second treaty between an Arab country and the Jewish state
C) the last treaty between an Arab country and the Jewish state
D) a temporary treaty between an Arab country and the Jewish state

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Khmer Rouge was a _____ which launched a national campaign of genocide against religious and political opponents in the 1970s.

A) Vietnamese revolutionary group
B) Laotian revolutionary group
C) Korean revolutionary group
D) Cambodian revolutionary group

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The _____ was aimed at outlawing the poll taxes, literacy tests, and other means by which states had attempted to limit their citizens' ability to vote.

A) 1964 Civil Rights Act
B) 1965 Voting Rights Act
C) 1862 Militia Act
D) 2002 Help America Vote Act

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The kidnapped victims of the Argentine Guerra Sucia came to be collectively known as the _____.

A) "Martyrs"
B) "Heroes"
C) "Disappeared"
D) "Shadows"

Question 5

The sweeping set of reforms introduced in Czechoslovakia in 1968, aimed at decentralization and a loosening of censorship restrictions, came to be known as the _____.

A) "Prague Spring"
B) "Prague Manifesto"
C) "Prague Holocaust"
D) "Prague Crusade"

Question 6

President Johnson's comprehensive program aimed at eradicating poverty in America was referred to as _____.

A) the "Great Deal"
B) the "New Hope"
C) the "New Society"
D) the "Great Society"

Question 7

The sharp rise in oil prices and the economic downturn it brought about would ultimately lead in the late 1970s to a phenomenon referred to as _____, a period of high inflation rate but with low economic growth rate.

A) stagflation
B) superflation
C) destagnation
D) superstagnation

Question 8

One of the most damaging episodes of the Cold War in Latin America was the _____ (Guerra Sucia) carried out in Argentina against all suspected leftist guerrillas and sympathizers by a right-wing junta from 1976 to 1983.

A) "Dirty War"
B) "Unspoken War"
C) "Cruel War"
D) "Cold War"

Question 9

The ascendancy of the pragmatic Deng Xiaoping to China's leadership brought about the 1978 announcement of _____, a set of policies which remain in place in China to this day.

A) The Four Modernizations
B) The Five Emancipations
C) The Four Pillars
D) The Five Great Hopes

Question 10

Among the international conditions which also played a role in fueling the struggle to end desegregation in the United States were the postwar anticolonialist movement in Africa and _____.

A) Che Guevara's assassination
B) the fall of the Bautista regime in Cuba
C) Soviet Cold War propaganda
D) the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 11

Since the early 1960s, a guerrilla insurgency group called the Sandinistas had sought to overthrow the Somoza regime in ________.

A) El Salvador
B) Guatemala
C) Nicaragua
D) Honduras

Question 12

The _____ (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", was an anti-ballistic missile defense system in outer space proposed by President Ronald Reagan in 1983.

A) Strategic Disarmament Initiative
B) Strategic Defense Initiative
C) Strategic Dialogue Initiative
D) Strategic Destruction Initiative

Question 13

In 1966, Chairman Mao launched a violent critique of the direction of China's Communist Party, a phenomenon which became known as _____.

A) The Great Communist Revolution
B) The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
C) The Great Communist Student Revolution
D) The Great Student Revolution

Question 14

Communist China's new "open door" policies would allow the market forces of capitalism to create incentives for innovation and economic growth, and the nation's motto became _____.

A) "Money equals respect."
B) "Capitalism is not the enemy!"
C) "To get rich is glorious!"
D) "The path to riches is the only path."

Question 15

Among China's modernization policies in the late 1970s was the mandatory _____, which was aimed at alleviating the nation's huge social, economic, and environmental problems.

A) "no-child-left-behind policy"
B) "one-child policy"
C) "abstention policy"
D) "no-child policy"

Question 16

President _____ secured the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

A) Lyndon B. Johnson
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Richard M. Nixon
D) Gerald R. Ford

Question 17

The climax of South Africa´s rigid racial social structure came with the institution of legal racial segregation in the form of _____ in 1948.

A) Kholops
B) Saqaliba
C) Apartheid
D) Zionism

Question 18

In 1964, Yasir Arafat and other Palestinian nationalists founded _____, whose militant wing, Fatah, began a guerilla war against Israel and its backers.

A) The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
B) Al-Qaeda
C) The Muslim Brotherhood
D) Palestinian Movement Organization (PMO)

Question 19

With the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966, ______, a new term came to define the feminist movement in the late 1960s.

A) "Women's Liberation"
B) "Sexual Liberation"
C) "Women's Emancipation"
D) "Women's Civil Rights"

Question 20

Perestroika ("restructuring") and _____ ("openness") were the two economic and political policies enacted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s in order to revitalize Communism.

A) demokratizatsiya
B) nomenklatura
C) apparatchiks
D) glasnost

Question 21

The _____ advanced the right of the Soviet Union to prevent any member of the Warsaw Pact from attempting to abandon socialism or the Soviet alliance.

A) "Acceptance Doctrine"
B) "Brezhnev Doctrine"
C) "Forgiveness Doctrine"
D) "Gorbachev Doctrine"

Question 22

In her The Second Sex (1949) _____, a leading voice in the women's rights movement, challenged women to play a more assertive role in their struggle to gain full equality with their male counterparts.

A) Sojourner Truth
B) Simone de Beauvoir
C) Louise Weiss
D) Gloria Steinem

Question 23

In 2010, China surpassed _____ as the second largest economy in the world, after the United States.

A) France
B) The United Kingdom
C) Germany
D) Japan

Question 24

The 1954 Supreme Board ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, overturned the previous _____, which had upheld the notion that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional.

A) United States v. Cruikshank ruling from 1876
B) Worcester v. Georgia ruling from 1832
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling from 1857
D) Plessy v. Ferguson ruling from 1896

Question 25

The Soviet Union ended officially on Christmas Day 1991 and was replaced by the _____, with a now democratic Russia under Boris Yeltsin at its center.

A) Commonwealth of Satellite States
B) Commonwealth of Former Republics
C) Commonwealth of Independent States
D) Commonwealth of Satellite Republics

Question 26

The massive mobilization of Americans during ________ accelerated civil rights efforts to combat segregation in the United States.

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) The Korean War
D) The Vietnam War

Question 27

The fall of the infamous _____ took place on the night of November 9, 1989, and marked the symbolic end of East Germany's Communist regime.

A) Berlin Wall
B) Munich Wall
C) West German Wall
D) East German Wall

Question 28

The _____ in the fall of 1973 abruptly ended the era of détente.

A) Egyptian and Syrian surprise attack on Israel
B) Israeli surprise attack on Egypt
C) Israeli surprise attack on Syria
D) Egyptian surprise attack on Syria

Question 29

The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of détente between the Soviet Union and the United States during which overt aggression _____.

A) was stepped up despite diplomatic, social, and cultural interactions
B) was downplayed in favor of competition through diplomatic, social, and cultural means
C) saw no noticeable change in policy enforcement
D) was completely abandoned in favor of appeasement policies

Question 30

_____ are treaties aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons.

A) "Mutually assured destruction" treaties
B) "Mutually agreed peace" treaties
C) "Nonproliferation" treaties
D) "Armament enhancement" treaties

Question 31

The "Stinger" was a(n) _______, which the United States was clandestinely supplying to Afghan fighters in the attempt to expel Soviet occupying forces.

A) Intercontinental ballistic missile system
B) Shoulder-fired missile
C) Nuclear-bomb-carrying helicopter
D) Specially armored tank

Question 32

Nikita Khrushchev was forced out of his position by the Soviet Politburo for all of the following reasons except:

A) His propaganda failure in the building of and reaction to the Berlin Wall in 1961.
B) Allowing the Soviet Union to split from Communist China in 1960.
C) Appearing to back down during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962.
D) Failing to secure the 1964 Olympic Games for Moscow.

Question 33

The Soviet move against the "Prague Spring" in 1968 demonstrated what became known as the "Brezhnev Doctrine", namely:

A) That the Soviet Union would forcibly restrain any member country attempting to abandon socialism and the Soviet alliance.
B) That experimentation with free market principles would serve as a model for other Warsaw Pact states.
C) That attempts to centralize power in the Warsaw Pact states and impose new censorship restrictions would not be tolerated.
D) That Maoist doctrine was not compatible with Soviet Communism.

Question 34

Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika resulted in:

A) An end to shortages in Soviet stores.
B) A rise in exports for profitable consumer goods.
C) A meager 5% of total production being devoted to market production.
D) The suppression of "cooperatives", the communist euphemism for private businesses.

Question 35

The regime of President Husák in Czechoslovakia was overthrown, without bloodshed, in 1989, and his rule replaced with that of Vaclav Havel, a popular ________.

A) Electrician
B) General
C) Rock singer
D) Writer

Question 36

The catalyst for the implementation of Gorbachev's policy of "glasnost" was the frank coverage of:

A) The summit between President Reagan and Gorbachev in Reykjavik, Iceland.
B) The nuclear accident at Chernobyl.
C) The exposure of the young age of Olympic ice skater Oksana Baiul.
D) The espionage activities of Vladimir Putin for the KGB.

Question 37

Officially, the Soviet Union ended on Christmas Day, 1991, after:

A) A meeting between Gorbachev and the Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow.
B) The former East German leader, Erich Honecker, persuaded Gorbachev to surrender power.
C) A tense showdown between Boris Yeltsin's supporters and the troops sent to occupy the Russian parliament.
D) Gorbachev received a sharply worded letter from President George H. W. Bush.

Question 38

The US Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that:

A) Segregation in education was inherently unequal.
B) Interracial marriage should be permitted in every state.
C) Segregation could be permitted, but only in certain public accommodations.
D) Affirmative action should be taken to equalize opportunities for African Americans.

Question 39

The _____ Voting Rights Act aimed at outlawing the poll taxes, literacy tests, and other means by which states attempted to limit their citizens' ability to vote.

A) 2012
B) 1973
C) 1982
D) 1965

Question 40

The 1973 US Supreme Court decision _________ protected a woman's right to have an abortion.

A) Califano v. Westcott
B) Gonzales v. Carhart
C) Roe v. Wade
D) Griswold v. Connecticut

Question 41

The peak of the global youth movement came in August ______, when the Woodstock Festival in New York State drew an estimated 300,000-500,000 attendees.

A) 1969
B) 1967
C) 1974
D) 1971

Question 42

In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly declared the first annual International ______ Day.

A) Domestic Servants'
B) Women's
C) "Third World"
D) Post-Colonial

Question 43

________, head of the People's Liberation Army in the 1960s, made the "little red book", or Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong, required reading for the troops.

A) Zhou Enlai
B) Liu Shaoqi
C) Hu Yaobang
D) Lin Biao

Question 44

Taking power shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, Deng Xiaoping implemented the ___________, the fundamental policies that remain in force in China to the present.

A) People's Revolutionary Martyrdoms
B) Continuous Revolutionary Actions
C) Four Modernizations
D) Open-Door Ideas

Question 45

Because he __________ in June 1989, Major General Xu Qinxian was court-martialed and imprisoned for four years.

A) Refused to follow orders to shoot civilians in Tiananmen Square
B) Helped to erect the "Goddess of Democracy" statue in Tiananmen Square
C) Ran over the man who defied a tank in Tiananmen Square
D) Denounced the importation of MTV into China as being "injurious to public morals"

Question 46

The ideas and practices of the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot were so radical and brutal that in 1977 ________ invaded Cambodia and initiated his overthrow.

A) The United States
B) The Soviet Union
C) China
D) Vietnam

Question 47

By the early 2000s, the chaotic agricultural sector combined with the repression of opposition to one-party rule had plunged Robert Mugabe's __________ into a serious economic crisis.

A) Angola
B) Zimbabwe
C) Zambia
D) Congo

Question 48

In the 1980s, US President Ronald Reagan began a covert operation to destabilize Daniel Ortega's _________ in Nicaragua through the funding and arming of opposition groups.

A) Sandinistas
B) Somozans
C) Contras
D) Romerists

Question 49

Since 1977, the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo have kept vigil in _______ for friends and relatives lost during the "Dirty War".

A) Rio de Janeiro
B) Tegucigalpa
C) Santiago de Chile
D) Buenos Aires

Question 50

The _____ was fought between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in June 1967.

A) Ten-Day War
B) Three-Day War
C) Six-Day War
D) Four-Day War

Question 51

After Khrushchev was ousted from power by the Soviet Politburo, _______ rose in his place.

A) Andrei Gromyko
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Georgy Malenkov
D) Konstantin Chernenko

Question 52

By the late 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union had entered into a period of relations known as "détente", a French term meaning ________.

A) Imminent detonation
B) Detrimental
C) Release of tension
D) Death of hatreds

Question 53

In Hungary, János Kádár presided over a form of "_____ communism", characterized by a relatively relaxed attitude toward criticism of the regime and by limited market reforms.

A) Goulash
B) Perestroika
C) Modified
D) Borscht

Question 54

By the end of 1980, 80% of Poland's workers had joined a labor union called "Solidarity", founded by the electrician _________.

A) Wojciech Jaruzelski
B) Erich Honecker
C) Vaclav Havel
D) Lech Walesa

Question 55

Over Soviet protests, the United States began to develop its Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "______" after the popular movie of the same name.

A) Alien
B) Close Encounters of the Third Kind
C) Star Wars
D) Terms of Endearment

Question 56

The only Eastern European country whose leader (and his wife) was executed when the regime fell in 1989 was _______.

A) East Germany
B) Romania
C) Bulgaria
D) Poland

Question 57

The Berlin Wall was breached by jubilant Germans, of both the East and the West, on the night of ______, 1989.

A) July 4
B) May 8
C) November 9
D) December 25

Question 58

After arduous negotiations, Mikhail Gorbachev agreed with President ________ and the other state presidents to a new federal union treaty for the Soviet Union in spring 1991.

A) Boris Yelstin
B) Vladimir Putin
C) Yuri Andropov
D) Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Question 59

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in ________ in August 1963.

A) Montgomery, Alabama
B) New York City
C) Washington,D. C.
D) Atlanta, Georgia

Question 60

_________ was a leading voice for women's liberation and equality, and author of The Second Sex (1949).

A) Virginia Woolf
B) Bella Abzug
C) Gloria Steinem
D) Simone de Beauvoir

Question 61

The worldwide gay and lesbian liberation movement began in ___ 1969, with resistance to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn bar in New York City.

A) June
B) October
C) January
D) August

Question 62

Massive demonstrations took place in _________ in the summer of 1968, just in advance of the Olympic Games that were being held there.

A) Munich
B) Tokyo
C) Mexico City
D) Montreal

Question 63

_____ detonated its first nuclear device in October 1964.

A) Israel
B) Pakistan
C) France
D) China

Question 64

From 1966 until 1969, the _________ Revolution in China took as its talisman the "little red book" of Chairman Mao.

A) Cultural
B) Maoist
C) Velvet
D) Red

Question 65

China's "one-child" policy has likely contributed to its current demographic situation, with ______ male children born for every 100 females.

A) 100
B) 75
C) 117
D) 153

Question 66

The massive "Tet" Offensive by Vietcong forces in February ________ may have contributed to President Johnson's decision not to seek another term.

A) 1972
B) 1970
C) 1964
D) 1968

Question 67

The first treaty between an Arab country (Egypt) and Israel was signed at _________ in 1979.

A) Oslo, Norway
B) Camp David, Maryland
C) Dayton, Ohio
D) Paris, France

Question 68

More than 1 million Biafrans were killed in a civil war within ______ during the late 1960s.

A) Nigeria
B) Ghana
C) Cameroon
D) Gabon

Question 69

"Apartheid", meaning "apartness" in the ________ language, was instituted in South Africa in 1948.

A) Zulu
B) Bantu
C) Afrikaans
D) Urdu

Question 70

Salvador Allende, the president of _____, was deposed and murdered in a CIA-directed coup in 1973.

A) Argentina
B) El Salvador
C) Panama
D) Chile