Deck 27: The New Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century, 1750-1914

Question 1

In 1757, the battle of _________ effectively eliminated the French threat in the subcontinent and consolidated Great Britain's supremacy in India following the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.

A) Calcutta
B) Palashi
C) Bengal
D) Plassey

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In 1885, the Indian National Congress, the precursor of India's present Congress Party, was first convened with the ongoing mission of _________.

A) winning greater autonomy for India within the structure of the British Empire
B) seeking India's immediate independence from Great Britain
C) expanding British control over Indian affairs
D) preventing India from joining the Commonwealth of Nations

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A system in which people from one country settle in another, maintaining connections to the mother country, most often used in the context of the exploitation of weaker countries by imperial powers, is referred to as _________.

A) colonialism
B) communism
C) a commonwealth
D) a mandate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Spanish built their first trade fort in the Philippines at _________, as a place from which to trade with China after conquering Mexico from the Aztecs.

A) Mindanao
B) Visaya
C) Manila
D) Luzon

Question 5

Unable to repay the enormous debt incurred from the French-led construction of the _________ in 1869, a debt-collection effort which Britain had taken over from France, Egypt was ultimately occupied by a British expeditionary force in 1882.

A) Corinthian Canal
B) Panama Canal
C) Suez Canal
D) Hormuz Canal

Question 6

Many of the Company men, inspired by Enlightenment ideals of cosmopolitanism, became great admirers of Indian culture and were fond of what was known as "going native," even to the point of occasionally wielding power as local magnates or _________, a term which later came to be generally used to define anyone who acquired a large fortune in India under British rule.

A) nabobs
B) sepoys
C) jawan
D) gentoos

Question 7

Following the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch pursued a colonial policy referred to as the _________ in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) whereby native subsistence farmers were forced to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for 60 days on Dutch plantations.

A) crop system
B) cultivation system
C) forced crop system
D) forced servitude system

Question 8

The aggressive style of economic aggrandizement set by the East India Company's leader, Robert Clive, has often been referred by Indian scholars as _________.

A) "the Rape of Calcutta"
B) "the Rape of Bengal"
C) "the Rape of Palashi"
D) "the Rape of Clive"

Question 9

Important early commercial interests in Australia included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) wool
B) cacao
C) gold
D) silver

Question 10

The international political system that dominated Europe from 1815 to 1914 and which advocated a balance of power among states is referred to as the _________, and it was aimed at preventing any renewed European imperialist goals of the kind Napoleon had pursued.

A) League of Nations
B) United European Nations
C) European Union
D) Concert of Europe

Question 11

For the British East India Company, the evolution of a shadow government in the area around Calcutta in Bengal on the northeast coast would be strategically advantageous in the wake of the collapse of Mughal central power as regional leaders could _________ in securing British supremacy in the area.

A) now form their own independent kingdoms
B) be easily and systematically eliminated
C) now be enlisted as allies
D) now resist Russian incursions

Question 12

In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution, making the country the second fully autonomous "dominion" after _________.

A) New Zealand
B) South Africa
C) Canada
D) Ireland

Question 13

French imperial and colonial involvement in Indochina began in 1858 under _________.

A) Louis-Philippe
B) Napoleon III
C) Napoleon I
D) Louis XVIII

Question 14

In the wake of the Industrial Revolution and as Britain's share of India's economy grew, the British increasingly sought to create markets for their own goods there and shunted Indian exports toward _________.

A) the exclusive use of the Indian domestic market
B) importing goods from European nations
C) exporting goods to European nations
D) the exclusive use of the British domestic market

Question 15

By 1750, the chief European rival competing against British commercial monopoly in India were the _________, who were aggressively building up both trade and political power in the southern part of peninsular India.

A) Dutch
B) French
C) Portuguese
D) Spanish

Question 16

The _________ was the belief that European colonizers had a duty to extend the benefits of European culture to "backward" peoples.

A) Pan-Africanism
B) International Committee on African Missions
C) Monrovia Mission
D) Civilizing Mission

Question 17

Australia began its history under British control as a _________.

A) religious exile colony
B) resort colony
C) penal colony
D) surf colony

Question 18

European colonialism on the coast of West Africa after 1885 was an outgrowth of the traditional _________.

A) international slave trade
B) slave trade
C) trade fort system
D) debt bondage

Question 19

The greatest spokesman for Filipino nationalism, a movement primarily led by Hispanicized Filipinos of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese descent, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was _________, whose subversive novels were a response to the Spanish justification of continued colonialism.

A) Andres Bonifacio
B) Louis Riel
C) José Rizal
D) Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 20

The period of direct British rule in India following the failure of the Great Mutiny is known as the British _________.

A) Punjab
B) Maj
C) Assam
D) Raj.

Question 21

The initial catalyst fueling the imperialist race by European powers in the first half of the nineteenth century had its origins in _________ in the late eighteenth century designed to drive the Ottomans back into Asia and convert Istanbul into an Eastern Christian capital.

A) Great Britain's imperialist policies
B) Napoleon's imperialist policies
C) Russia's southern expansion pattern
D) Prussia's eastern expansion pattern

Question 22

The first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838, ushered in the rivalry for supremacy over Central Asia between the British and the Russian Empires, a period otherwise known as the _________.

A) British-Russian Game
B) Great Game
C) British Offensive
D) Russian Offensive

Question 23

Heirs to the Portuguese spice trade, the _________ were the world's undisputed naval power from 1650 to 1750.

A) French
B) British
C) Dutch
D) Spanish

Question 24

The Spanish-American War in 1898 brought an end to over four centuries of Spanish colonialism in the Pacific, as Spain was defeated by the United States not only in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines but also in _________.

A) Guam
B) Panama
C) Peru
D) Trinidad

Question 25

The driving force behind Vietnam's early anti-foreign patriotism at the dawn of the twentieth century was _________.

A) Emperor Gia Long
B) Emperor Tu Duc
C) Phan Boi Chau
D) Liang Quichao

Question 26

Charles X of France claimed that his blockade of Algiers was justified because:

A) It was done in the furtherance of France's "civilizing mission" in Africa.
B) It was in response to an insult by an Algerian dey to his agent.
C) It was an attempt to liberate the Christian minority in Algeria from a fundamentalist Islamic regime in the Ottoman Empire.
D) It was an attempt to reconstitute Napoleon's empire in North Africa.

Question 27

After United States and Spain made peace at the end of 1898, the US ignored the independent Philippine government led by _________.

A) Emilio Aguinaldo.
B) José Rizal.
C) José Marti.
D) Ferdinand Marcos.

Question 28

Although Egypt was granted internal independence in 1922, it remained in a semicolonial relationship with Britain until ________.

A) 2011.
B) 1969.
C) 1945.
D) 1956.

Question 29

The takeover of India by the British East India Company was aided by:

A) Regional leaders' desire to use the Company's sepoy armies in their struggles.
B) France's victory at the battle of Plassey in 1757, which called for a response.
C) The establishment of Bombay as the Company's headquarters.
D) The strong and centralized power of the Mughal emperors, which made it easier to conquer the entire country.

Question 30

Australia was very similar to independent Latin America in that it was a labor-poor but ___________ region, seeking its wealth through export-led growth.

A) Socialistic.
B) Commodity-rich.
C) Authoritarian-led.
D) Command-economy.

Question 31

As a result of its loss of Mexico in the early 1800s, Spain began turning to its colony in ________ for agricultural and natural resource exploitation.

A) Siam.
B) New Guinea.
C) The Philippines.
D) Spanish Sahara.

Question 32

According to its cultivation system in Indonesia, the Dutch forced native farmers either to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for _____ days per year on Dutch plantations.

A) 90.
B) 7.
C) 300.
D) 60.

Question 33

To overcome its humiliation in East Africa, Italy tried its hand at imperialism again in 1911 against

A) Somaliland.
B) Tripolitania.
C) Angola.
D) Kenya.

Question 34

After the British prohibited slavery in _______, Ashante merchants in West Africa switched to providing commodities that were in great demand in industrializing Britain.

A) 1863.
B) 1796.
C) 1807
D) 1832.

Question 35

The leader of the Khartoum uprising in 1883 was Muhammad Ahmad Ibn Abdallah, a(n) _________ and self-styled Mahdi ("rightly guided" or "Messiah").

A) Buddhist.
B) Ayatollah.
C) Sufi.
D) Sheikh.

Question 36

In their determination to establish colonial rule in the region, the German general staff ordered the extermination of the ________ in Southwest Africa, in terms that can only be described as a genocide.

A) Omanis.
B) Hutus.
C) Zulus.
D) Herero.

Question 37

In a ca. 1815 painting, an Indian artist depicted a British government official in a pose of:

A) Haughty disregard for the court of Akbar Shah.
B) Straddling over an Indian supplicant, as he begged for the lives of his family.
C) Supplication to Akbar Shah at his court.
D) Subservience to King George IV of Britain.

Question 38

Religious scholars of the 1800s succeeded in making _______ the dominant religion of West Africa.

A) Christianity.
B) Islam.
C) Sufism.
D) African spirtuality.

Question 39

When quinine became available in the middle of the 1800s, allowing for treatment of ________, European missionaries were able to follow their indigenous colleagues into the African interior.

A) Smallpox.
B) Syphilis.
C) Pneumonia.
D) Malaria.

Question 40

The Great Mutiny was touched off by the rumor that the British intended to:

A) Kill leading Muslim officials and convert key Muslim communities to Christianity.
B) Restore the hated and deposed Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to his throne.
C) Introduce opium into India, after it had proven so successful in China.
D) Introduce a rifle which required its operator to bite the end from a gunpowder cartridge greased with cow and pig fat.

Question 41

The original goal of the National Congress when it convened in 1885 was to:

A) Agitate for full Indian independence.
B) Win greater autonomy for India within the structure of the British Empire.
C) Incorporate the oppressed Hindu minority into the governmental structure of the colony.
D) Send troops to Sudan to support British efforts against the Mahdi.

Question 42

David Livingstone's ultimate goals were not only to __________ but also to "civilize" Africans by broadcasting the blessings of Christianity and commerce.

A) Exterminate trafficking in slaves.
B) Find the headwaters of the Nile River.
C) Find Henry Morton Stanley in the jungle.
D) Capture gorillas and bring them to Britain as proof of Charles Darwin's theories.

Question 43

The number of civil service members in India increased markedly, reaching about ________, as Britain implemented a gradual devolution of power to the Indians.

A) 3,000.
B) 30,000.
C) 100,000.
D) 15,000.

Question 44

The effort to co-opt local rulers into upholding the British government as the historically destined status quo is sometimes called a(n) _________ relationship.

A) Unequal.
B) Missionary.
C) Subaltern.
D) Subtropical.

Question 45

Because of __________, E. D. Morel was able to publicize the mistreatment and exploitation of African slave labor on Belgian rubber plantations in Congo.

A) The information of missionaries like David Livingstone.
B) The special investigative commission established by King Leopold II.
C) His position as a clerk in an English firm with interests in Congo.
D) His position as a Labour Member of Parliament in Britain.

Question 46

The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain.

A) Cook Island.
B) New Guinea.
C) New Zealand.
D) Australia.

Question 47

________ was the crucial first step of a European power-in this instance France-seizing provinces of the Ottoman Empire in competition with the Russians, while officially protecting its integrity.

A) Egypt.
B) Libya.
C) Algeria.
D) Lebanon.

Question 48

The British Raj's showpiece capital of New Delhi was built under the aegis of the British resident Lord _______.

A) Curzon.
B) Balfour.
C) Londonderry.
D) Halifax.

Question 49

The Great Mutiny (also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or as the First War of Indian Independence) began in _________.

A) 1835.
B) 1857.
C) 1763.
D) 1901.

Question 50

Some Europeans claimed that, according to the dictates of their "_______ mission", they had a duty to extend the benefits of European civilization to "backward" peoples.

A) Progressive.
B) Civilizing.
C) White man's.
D) Burdensome.

Question 51

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Mughal emperor's lands had been reduced to the region immediately surrounding _________ and Agra.

A) Delhi.
B) Madras.
C) Calcutta.
D) Bombay.

Question 52

Italy's imperialist dreams in Africa were stymied by its crushing defeat at the battle of Adowa in ________, in which one-third of its army was killed by Ethiopian forces.

A) 1870.
B) 1911.
C) 1896.
D) 1935.

Question 53

The British "Raj" was inaugurated when control by the East India Company was replaced by _________.

A) The West Indies Company.
B) A local government in Rajput.
C) Direct rule.
D) The Duke of York.

Question 54

Some British agents of the East India Company took Indian wives, dressed as Indian princes, and wielded power as local magnates, or __________ (from an Urdu word meaning "viceroy").

A) Sahibs.
B) Moguls.
C) Poobahs.
D) Nabobs.

Question 55

Portugal used the Berlin conference to expand its coastal footholds in Guinea, Angola and ___________.

A) Malawi.
B) Kenya.
C) Gabon.
D) Mozambique.

Question 56

The Dutch conquered the Indonesian archipelago, finally subduing the most stubborn opponents, the ________ guerillas of Aceh, in 1903.

A) Buddhist.
B) Chinese.
C) Muslim.
D) Portuguese.

Question 57

In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution and became the second fully autonomous British "dominion", after __________.

A) South Africa.
B) Canada.
C) Ireland.
D) New Zealand.

Question 58

The opening gambit of Great Britain's "Great Game" against __________ was the first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838.

A) Russia.
B) The Ottoman Empire.
C) France.
D) Persia.

Question 59

The ______ for Africa was a competition among European powers to acquire African colonies that began with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

A) Dash.
B) Race.
C) Scramble.
D) Mission.

Question 60

Samuel Adjai Crowther ultimately became:

A) An armed resistor to French colonial rule in the Ivory Coast.
B) An Anglican bishop.
C) The first president of Liberia.
D) The crowned king of Yorubaland (in modern Nigeria).

Question 61

By the 1890s, a young British-trained lawyer named Mohandas K. Gandhi was actively campaigning for the rights of Indians in British-controlled ________.

A) CeylonC.
B) Uganda.
C) Trinidad.
D) South Africa.

Question 62

The Belgian Congo under King Leopold II employed mass forced labor of the indigenous population to extract _______ from the jungle.

A) Rubber.
B) Bauxite.
C) Bananas.
D) Cacao.

Question 63

In East Africa, ________ used forced labor for the growing of cotton, provoking the fierce but in the end brutally suppressed Maji Maji Rebellion of 1905-1907.

A) Italy.
B) Portugal.
C) Great Britain.
D) Germany.

Question 64

The principal spokesman for _________ nationalists in the second half of the nineteenth century was José Rizal, whose novels responded to the Spanish justification of colonialism.

A) Cuban.
B) Filipino.
C) Moroccan.
D) Hawaiian.

Question 65

_______ forces dispatched a squadron that occupied the sparsely inhabited Mekong River delta in 1858-1862, annexing it as a protectorate.

A) French.
B) Chinese.
C) Dutch.
D) American.