Deck 26: Industrialization and Its Discontents, 1750-1914

Question 1

The following list is in the correct chronological order:

A) The Suez Canal is opened; James Watt perfects the steam engine; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb.
B) James Watt perfects the steam engine; The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message.
C) The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message; James Watt perfects the steam engine.
D) Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; The Suez Canal is opened; James Watt perfects the steam engine; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following technological innovations were important to mechanization EXCEPT:

A) The spinning jenny
B) The water frame
C) The spinning mule
D) The static shuttle

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All of the following is true of Robert Owen, a factory owner in the north of England, EXCEPT:

A) He formed an ideal, Utopian community in the United States and lived out his life peacefully in New Hampshire.
B) He led a movement to establish a trade union.
C) He called for a national strike of all trade unions.
D) He demonstrated that better living conditions for workers resulted in higher profits.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Modern industrialization had its start in the following nation:

A) The United States
B) Great Britain
C) Germany
D) Russia

Question 5

Urban factory workers were distinguished from farmers by:

A) The amount of money they earned.
B) Their relative freedom to move about and change jobs as they wished and to organize for collective negotiation.
C) The "male only" atmosphere in the factories that tended to shut women out of factory work.
D) The deplorable working conditions and hazards of the unregulated factories.

Question 6

All of the following were conducive to industrialization in Britain EXCEPT:

A) A low rate of unemployment.
B) Reserves of coal for power
C) A well-developed banking system
D) A thriving merchant class

Question 7

All of the following is true of Karl Marx EXCEPT:

A) He was the son of a prosperous attorney.
B) He was exiled from Germany and France.
C) He believed that the working class, or proletariat, would gradually attain power and slowly replace the upper classes through more of an economic evolution than revolution.
D) He was strongly influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Question 8

All of the following contributed to the development of wireless communication EXCEPT:

A) James Clerk Maxwell
B) William Lamb
C) Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
D) Guglielmo Marconi

Question 9

Between 1870 and 1914, German production of steel accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Were able to develop heavier, more expensive steel than that produced by Great Britain.
B) Went from almost nothing to equal British production by the year 1893.
C) Had doubled that of Great Britain by 1914.
D) Utilized more up-to-date production methods rather than the expensive trial and error exercises in Great Britain.

Question 10

Mauveine was:

A) A ship powered by both sails and steam.
B) The first synthetic fertilizer.
C) The first synthetic dye.
D) An artificial silk.

Question 11

All of the following men contributed significantly to the development of mechanical power EXCEPT:

A) Denis Papin
B) Thomas Newcomen
C) Thomas Savery
D) Thomas Edison

Question 12

All of the following is true of Emmeline Pankhurst EXCEPT:

A) She was the most famous of the British political feminists.
B) She and her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.
C) She was imprisoned and transported to Australia for political agitation, where she lived out the remainder of her life.
D) She and her supporters resorted to protest and civil disobedience to call attention to their cause.

Question 13

The first practical steam-powered riverboat went from:

A) New York to Albany
B) Liverpool to London
C) Paris to Berlin
D) Vienna to Berlin

Question 14

From about 1700 to 1914, industrialized nations experienced significant population growth for all of the reasons below EXCEPT:

A) There were more jobs available, so more people had resources.
B) Agricultural improvements led to a greater supply of food.
C) Scientific advances in medicine resulted in a lower mortality rate from disease or infection.
D) Life in cities was safer than in the countryside because of the lower rate of accidental deaths and the presence of policemen and fire departments.

Question 15

All of the following statements about the changes in social organization due to industrialization, EXCEPT

A) As the middle class grew, there were fewer in the lower class.
B) Most members of the landed elites continued to maintain privilege, but began losing ground to the rising middle class.
C) The middle class developed differentiated levels, with industrialists, lawyers, bankers and other at similar levels at the top, and tradesmen and handcrafters below.
D) A new lower class - the working class - developed.

Question 16

The first man to import industrialism into the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century was:

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Samuel Slater
C) Thomas Edison
D) James Dewey

Question 17

Dynamite was invented by:

A) Charles Goodyear, in 1869.
B) A Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.
C) An American named Charles Michael Faraday.
D) Nikola Tesla, a structural engineer.

Question 18

The tenements around factories in industrial cities were called "dark Satanic Mills" by:

A) Karl Marx
B) Friedrich Engels
C) William Blake
D) Robert Walpole

Question 19

All of the following have been associated with the invention of the automobile EXCEPT:

A) Gottlieb Daimler
B) Robert Peel
C) Karl Benz
D) Siegfried Marcus

Question 20

The phrase, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his works," was coined by:

A) Henri de Saint-Simon
B) Louis Blanc
C) Charles Fourier
D) Karl Marx

Question 21

As industrialization progressed, weapons improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) The increase of black smoke emitted from automated weapons made it possible to "fog" enemies, making it difficult for them to return fire.
B) The recoil cylinder cushioned the force of guns' recoil.
C) Field artillery could be anchored, aimed, and fired continuously.
D) Precision machining of breech-locks and metallic cartridges made loading and firing easier and faster.

Question 22

The following list is in correct chronological order:

A) Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity.
B) Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
C) Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity.
D) Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity.

Question 23

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

A) Structuralism.
B) Socialism.
C) Materialism.
D) Idealism.

Question 24

Over the course of the 19th century population in the industrialized nations of Europe:

A) Plummeted when environmental pollution began to affect air conditions and public health.
B) Grew in Britain but declined in Germany because of its unstable political situation
C) Shifted from rural to urbanized settings.
D) Declined due to industrialized production of birth control devices.

Question 25

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

A) By an overarching intelligence that plans out the benefits of each species.
B) By a purposeful design in which humans intervene for the benefit of each species.
C) By random chance and a haphazard process.
D) By genetic information contained within an organism's cells.

Question 26

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

A) The gradual imposition of internal toll restrictions.
B) A substantial depression in workers' wages.
C) An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.
D) A shrinking population, as the result of continued violence in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 27

The spinning mule, invented in 1779:

A) Depended on the preparatory work of an increased number of handicraftsmen.
B) Combined the spinning and weaving of textiles into one machine.
C) Improved the threshing of grain, by harnessing the power of mules in a cycle.
D) Led to the full-scale machine production of textiles.

Question 28

The objective of Taylorism was to increase the speed of industrial __________.

A) Production.
B) Marketing.
C) Transportation.
D) Development.

Question 29

One advantage enjoyed by Germany in its production of steel was:

A) Its development of sophisticated science research capabilities at universities.
B) Industrial espionage, which eased the transfer of Belgian technologies to German factories.
C) Its annexation of the ore-rich regions of Brittany as a result of the Franco-Prussian War.
D) Its rejection of new technical advances and a preference for old-fashioned production techniques.

Question 30

Among the components that Siegfried Marcus designed for his combustion-engine automobile were all of the following except:

A) A braking system.
B) A carburetor.
C) Keyless ignition.
D) Shifting gears.

Question 31

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

A) Thomas Newcomen.
B) James Watt.
C) Montgomery Scott.
D) William Fairbairn.

Question 32

Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:

A) Trapping adults who were napping on the job.
B) Hurrying newly dug coal along long, low underground passageways.
C) Pushing a wagon full of coal to the surface.
D) Opening and shutting ventilation doors in mineshafts.

Question 33

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

A) Two.
B) Four.
C) Five.
D) Nine.

Question 34

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

A) Steel-belted radial.
B) Puncture-proof.
C) Recyclable.
D) Vulcanized.

Question 35

By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.

A) Shell Corporation.
B) Seneca Oil Company.
C) Sinclair Oil Company.
D) Standard Oil Company.

Question 36

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

A) 10.
B) 12.
C) 8.
D) 20.

Question 37

The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.

A) 1858.
B) 1876.
C) 1892.
D) 1903.

Question 38

The factors that made Britain especially suitable for launching the industrial movement included all of the following except:

A) A flourishing banking system that provided funds to entrepreneurs.
B) Large reserves of coal and iron ore, combined with the establishment of overseas colonies.
C) The scientific knowledge and interests of a succession of kings.
D) A thriving merchant class, empowered by the Glorious Revolution and gaining in importance in the House of Commons.

Question 39

Even young children-some as young as __ years old-worked in factories, some alongside their parents as family units.

A) 7.
B) 10.
C) 4.
D) 12.

Question 40

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

A) Sig Sauer.
B) Glock.
C) Mauser.
D) Maxim.

Question 41

__________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.

A) George Bernard Shaw.
B) Friedrich Nietzsche.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 42

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.

A) Luddite Suppression Act.
B) Peterloo Massacre Act.
C) Frame Breaking Act.
D) Trust Busting Act.

Question 43

In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.

A) Vermont.
B) Great Britain.
C) Massachusetts.
D) North Carolina.

Question 44

In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.

A) Hysteria.
B) The Id.
C) Case Histories.
D) Dreams.

Question 45

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.

A) Positivism.
B) Darwinism.
C) Imperialism.
D) Taylorism.

Question 46

Two Germans, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl ______ are usually credited with inventing the automobile, but it seems more likely that the first combustion-engine automobile was created by Austrian Siegfried Marcus.

A) Benz.
B) Mercedes.
C) Audi.
D) Porsche.

Question 47

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.

A) Nitrogen.
B) Helium.
C) Hydrogen.
D) Petroleum.

Question 48

The most famous-and most radical-of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

A) Emily Davison.
B) Emmeline Pankhurst.
C) Alice Paul.
D) Mary Wollstonecraft.

Question 49

One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in his/her father's factories.

A) Karl Marx
B) Emmeline Pankhurst
C) Friedrich Engels
D) William Blake

Question 50

Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.

A) 1910s and 1920s.
B) 1860s and 1870s.
C) 1830s and 1840s.
D) 1880s and 1890s.

Question 51

An English _________ League was established for organizing sporting activities in 1888.

A) Basketball.
B) Leisure.
C) Football
D) Hockey.

Question 52

By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message, from Cape Cod in the United States to Cornwall in England.

A) Alexander Graham Bell.
B) James Clerk Maxwell.
C) Nikola Tesla.
D) Guglielmo Marconi.

Question 53

Beginning with a series of papers published in ________, Albert Einstein destroyed the Newtonian notion of a certain, absolute, and mechanistic universe.

A) 1915.
B) 1933.
C) 1899.
D) 1905.

Question 54

By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in an astonishing total of 53,000 rail miles in the US by 1870.

A) Colorado.
B) Utah.
C) Nebraska.
D) Missouri.

Question 55

The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor and dabbler in electricity.

A) Steam engine.
B) Machine gun.
C) Electric induction engine.
D) Recoil cylinder device.

Question 56

The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."

A) Proletarians.
B) Bourgeoisie.
C) Slaves.
D) Germans.

Question 57

Due in large part to concerns for the domestic woolen industry, the British Parliament enacted the protectionist ________ Acts of 1700 and 1720, which prohibited the importation of cotton goods from India.

A) Calico.
B) Cotton.
C) Textile.
D) Luddite.

Question 58

Frederic A. Bartholdi, builder of the ___________, rhapsodized at the American Centennial Exhibition in 1876 that the mammoth Corliss steam engine had "the beauty and almost the grace of human form" in its operation.

A) Brooklyn Bridge.
B) US Capitol dome.
C) Smithsonian Institution.
D) Statue of Liberty.

Question 59

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels dashed off their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.

A) Frankfurt.
B) Trier.
C) Prague.
D) London.

Question 60

By the 1830s, over __________ British people drew wages from textile factories.

A) 500,000.
B) 100,000.
C) 3,000,000.
D) 1,000,000.

Question 61

The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).

A) Vulcanized rubber.
B) Rapid-fire artillery weapons.
C) World Peace.
D) Dynamite.

Question 62

In 1911 the Austrian composer and theoretician Arnold Schoenberg announced a new, modern style of musical composition that featured Freudian themes along with:

A) The noise of engines and machines.
B) Slower and more stately melodies.
C) Augmented instrumentation.
D) Mellifluous harmonies.