Deck 2: Police History

Question 1

The only two states that had a state police force by 1900 were

A) Michigan and New York
B) New York and Delaware
C) Boston and Virginia
D) Texas and Massachusetts

Answer 1

D

Question 2

This group of citizens patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems:

A) Nightwatch
B) Posse comitatus
C) Thief catcher
D) Constables

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of urban-dispersion theory?

A) The police were created to control mob violence.
B) The police were created in response to a need for a new type of police because of increases in criminal activity.
C) The police were created as a result of economic exploitation.
D) The police were created because other cities had them and not because of a real need.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why was the 1920s to the 1960s probably the most significant period in the development of policing in the United States?

A) Policing became more political.
B) The foundations for the professionalization of law enforcement were established.
C) August Vollmer started a police school.
D) None of the above.

Question 5

The FBI was created to take over some of the duties of what agency?

A) The Secret Service
B) The US Marshals
C) The Postal Inspectors
D) The Revenue Cutter Service

Question 6

By the 1960s, all states had some form of __________.

A) crime lab
B) fail proof safeguard for racial profiling
C) state police
D) none of the above

Question 7

What was the name of the first detective unit created in England?

A) Posse Comitatus
B) Peelers
C) Bertillon System
D) Bow Street Runners

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of the disorder-control theory?

A) The police were created to control mob violence.
B) The police were created in response to a need for a new type of police because of increases in criminal activity.
C) The police were created as a result of economic exploitation.
D) The police were created because other cities had them and because of a real need.

Question 9

The reform era was arguably the most significant period in the development of policing in the United States because _________.

A) it allowed local jurisdictions to exert political influence
B) it established the foundations for the professionalization of policing
C) it established the importance of crime control
D) both b and c

Question 10

According to advocates of the reform model, what is the primary purpose of the police?

A) Service
B) Order maintenance
C) Crime fighting
D) None of the above

Question 11

Reform efforts began to be questioned during the 1960s as a result of __________.

A) urban riots
B) the civil rights movement
C) perceptions of an increasing crime rate
D) all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is true of policing during the political era?

A) A geographically decentralized organizational structure
B) Close and personal relationship to citizens
C) The police derived their authority from powerful local politicians
D) All of the above are true

Question 13

The history of policing in the United States most often focuses exclusively on the history of policing in the northern territories, which overlooks what areas of historical importance?

A) policing in the Midwest
B) slave patrols
C) policing on the western frontier
D) both b and c

Question 14

What is the word, from Spanish origin, that means "watchman" or "guard?"

A) Posse comitatus
B) Vigilante
C) Frankpledge
D) Ranger

Question 15

What is defined as an attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police departments?

A) Professionalization
B) Socialization
C) Order maintenance
D) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?

A) The police must be under government control.
B) Police with a good appearance will be more respected by the public.
C) The public should be informed about the extent and nature of crime.
D) The police should have at least a high school education.

Question 17

To explain the development of police departments, this theory suggest that increases in criminal activity created a climate of fear and a need for a new type of police:

A) Disorder-control theory
B) Crime-control theory
C) Class-control theory
D) Urban-dispersion theory

Question 18

Which of the following is considered a prominent spokesman for police reform?

A) August Vollmer
B) J. Edgar Hoover
C) O. W. Wilson
D) All of the above

Question 19

Under the frankpledge system, what was the name of the group called out to pursue fleeing felons?

A) Bobbies
B) Bow Street Runners
C) Field Marshals
D) Posse comitatus

Question 20

Vigilante movements were the most common in the American South during the nineteenth century.

Question 21

The reform model of policing preceded the political model.

Question 22

Advocates of the reform model of policing felt that the primary purpose of the police should be service.

Question 23

J. Edgar Hoover was one of the most prominent spokesmen in favor of the
political model.

Question 24

August Vollmer is often called the father of modern police administration.

Question 25

One of the earliest forms of policing, kin policing, was highly formal and characterized by legally binding rules.

Question 26

According to the Peelian principles of policing, the police must be free from governmental control.

Question 27

Highway patrol generally has broader law enforcement powers than do state police.

Question 28

Despite the vast knowledge about the history of policing, no theories have been proposed to explain the development of police departments.

Question 29

The United States Secret Service provides security for the federal courts.

Question 30

The Peelian model of policing emphasized apprehension more than prevention.

Question 31

In the southern colonies of the United States, slave patrols represented the first form of modern policing, existing as early as the mid-1700s.

Question 32

Prior to 1900, only Texas and Massachusetts had formed a state police force.

Question 33

One of the responsibilities of modern sheriff includes providing security for the court system.

Question 34

The Progessive Era called for more authority for public officials and honesty and efficiency in government.

Question 35

The political era of policing was characterized by numerous reform s that essentially ended the influence of politics on law enforcement.

Question 36

Prior to the Civil War, there were eight types of federal law enforcement activities.

Question 37

The Great Depression of the 1930s actually made police reform easier.

Question 38

The disorder-control theory explains the development of police in terms of the need to suppress mob violence.

Question 39

Local police have a clear role in fighting terrorism.

Question 40

Describe the differences between contemporary policing and the earliest forms of policing.

Question 41

Between 1920 and the mid-1960s many police departments changed dramatically in the United States. This change was the result of three events. List and discuss those three events.

Question 42

Explain the minority perspective on the history of policing.

Question 43

The authors listed four theories to explain the development of police departments in the United States. List and explain those four theories.

Question 44

How did the Progressive Era help change policing from a political orientation to the legalistic approach?

Question 45

Matching
-Class-control theory

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 46

Matching
-Frankpledge system

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 47

Matching
-Disorder-control theory

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 48

Matching
-Professionalization

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 49

Matching
-Reform model

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 50

Matching
-Wickersham Commission

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 51

Matching
-Crime-control theory

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 52

Matching
-Political model

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 53

Matching
-Nightwatch

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings

Question 54

Matching
-Urban-dispersion theory

A) Maintains that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police
B) Professional or bureaucratic model
C) Explains development of police departments as a result of other cities having them, rather than being a result of a real need
D) Oriented to special interests
E) Explains development of the police as a result of class-based economic exploitation
F) Explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence
G) Investigated police corruption
H) An attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection, training, and management of police
I) A group of citizens who patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems
J) Based on an organization of tithings