Deck 12: Diversity and Inclusion

Question 1

What is empirical evidence?

A) It is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity
B) Deliberate indifference
C) It is evidence that creates a hostile work environment
D) It is derived from the systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Testimonial evidence is __________.

A) based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity or whose experience has led them to believe that a diverse department is either more or less effective
B) based on the managerial efforts that identify information pertaining to a case
C) based on data is derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
D) None of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Harassment that requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands is __________.

A) hostile-work-environment harassment
B) empirical harassment
C) quid pro quo harassment
D) deliberate indifference

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Agencies that reflect the population they serve are more likely to function properly and be responsive to the needs and desires of minority populations, and enhance legitimacy of the public agency. Such an agency is known as a _____.

A) Police culture
B) Representative bureaucracy
C) Merit system
D) Learning organization

Question 5

Legal challenges to discrimination in employment may be brought under which of the following?

A) Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause
B) Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
C) Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
D) Any of the above

Question 6

Double marginality refers to

A) black officers being significantly more likely to arrest black citizens than white officers
B) white officers being significantly more likely to arrest black citizens than black officers
C) white officers being significantly more likely to arrest white citizens than black officers
D) black officers being significantly more likely to arrest white citizens than white officers

Question 7

Which of the following is a benefit to having racially mixed policing teams?

A) They can have a moderating effect on officers of each race
B) It can lead to socializing each officer in ways to interact with citizens of different races
C) The teams can serve as a symbolic benefit for the police department
D) All of the above are benefits of having racially mixed teams

Question 8

Studies of the performance of women officers found that female officers __________.

A) were less likely to be charged with improper conduct
B) were less effective than men at defusing potentially violent situations
C) used their firearms more often than male officers
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an issue that policewomen often have to deal with?

A) Police culture
B) Deciding who gets promoted
C) Pregnancy and maternity
D) Sexual harassment

Question 10

Police executives felt this was a fair and effective means of providing a professional force:

A) Title VII
B) Civil Service
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) None of the above

Question 11

What was the ruling in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company?

A) That preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race
B) That racial quotas as a means of reversing past discrimination were permissible
C) Leave policies that favor pregnant women may not be discriminatory
D) That the use of a professionally developed examination could not be used if it had a discriminatory effect

Question 12

In the case of US v. Paradise, what was the Court's decision?

A) That preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race
B) Racial quotas as a means of reversing past discrimination was permissible
C) Leave policies that favor pregnant women may not be discriminatory
D) That the use of a professionally developed examination could not be used if it had a discriminatory effect

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true concerning African American police officers?

A) Frequently, black officers were allowed to patrol only in black areas and to arrest only other black citizens.
B) Black officers were frequently restricted in type and location of assignments.
C) Some evidence indicates that black officers were actually more punitive on black citizens than have white officers.
D) All of the above statements are true.

Question 14

What was the Court's ruling in the case of Detroit Police Officers' Association v. Young?

A) That preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race
B) Racial quotas as a means of reversing past discrimination was permissible
C) Leave policies that favor pregnant women may not be discriminatory
D) That the use of a professionally developed examination could not be used if it had a discriminatory effect

Question 15

What is defeminization?

A) Neutralizing their threat to male dominance
B) Female officers who have law enforcement as the primary orientation
C) Female officers who place a strong emphasis on being a lady
D) None of the above

Question 16

Reverse discrimination occurs when __________.

A) affirmative action plans for selection and promotion are put into practice and individuals who are not part of that plan feel they have been discriminated against
B) female officers have gained majority representation on a police force
C) affirmative action efforts fail and instead target the individuals they were intended to help
D) none of the above

Question 17

In what year was the first woman to hold full police powers hired?

A) 1905
B) 1910
C) 1917
D) 1926

Question 18

Where were the first women assigned to patrol work?

A) Las Vegas Police Department
B) Indianapolis Police Department
C) New York Police Department
D) Los Angeles Police Department

Question 19

Prior to the 1950s, the role of women in policing was restricted primarily to what?

A) Detecting purse snatchers, pickpockets, and shoplifters
B) Narcotics investigations
C) Vice investigations
D) All of the above

Question 20

The first African American female chief of a major US police department was in __________.

A) Chicago
B) Houston
C) Las Vegas
D) Atlanta

Question 21

Police departments may be held liable for sexual harassment even if they did not know of the offending behavior.

Question 22

Minority representation of police grew in many cities only as a result of pressure from the black community.

Question 23

Today, as African American officers become more self-assured and less likely to accept discriminatory practices, double marginality is more of a problem.

Question 24

Early evaluations of female police officers found that they did not perform in a satisfactory manner.

Question 25

Police departments have particularly strong safeguards in place that ensure female police officers are treated exactly the same as male police officers.

Question 26

Attempts to remedy past discriminatory employment and promotional practices are reflected in an affirmative action plan.

Question 27

Many police executives believe that the Civil Service is a fair and effective means of producing a professional police force.

Question 28

Once discrimination has been established in court, the burden of proof in establishing the validity of the practice shifts to the defendant.

Question 29

White police officers view reverse discrimination as a threat to their job security.

Question 30

In Detroit Police Officers' Association v. Young, the court ruled that preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race and that this policy was permissible.

Question 31

Beginning in the 1960s, governmental intervention was required to eliminate discrimination in employment and promotion.

Question 32

In general, the police role is not physically demanding and requires a much stronger mental than physical capacity.

Question 33

Testimonial evidence is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity or whose experience has led them to believe that a diverse department is either more or less effective.

Question 34

Research has revealed that female police officers can perform effectively on patrol.

Question 35

Quid pro quo harassment requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands.

Question 36

If a requirement can be shown to be a valid requirement of the job, even if it may have a discriminatory impact, it may be allowed to remain as a requirement.

Question 37

Empirical evidence is that derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria, such as crime rates, arrest rates, and citizen trust of police.

Question 38

According to Franklin's research, women are still considered by many within the policing industry to be outsiders and inappropriate for policing.

Question 39

The Civil Rights Act does not specifically prohibit discrimination based on sexual identity.

Question 40

Surprisingly, it appears that departments with the best records of promoting minority officers are those cities that have a smaller minority population.

Question 41

Discuss the difference between the identity of the policewoman and the policewoman.

Question 42

Explain how deliberate indifference to sexual harassment may expose the department to liability.

Question 43

What are the various challenges or issues that female police officers commonly confront while on the job?

Question 44

Explain the ruling in US v. Paradise and how it relates to past discriminatory practices.

Question 45

What are the future prospects of recruitment and hiring of minorities and women outlined in the text?

Question 46

Matching
-Diversity

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department
F) Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 47

Matching
-Empirical evidence

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 48

Matching
-Structural characteristics

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 49

Matching
-Quid pro quo harassment

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 50

Matching
-Policewoman

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 51

Matching
-Defeminization

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 52

Matching
-Affirmative action plan

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 53

Matching
-Double marginality

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 54

Matching
-Policewoman

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices

Question 55

Matching
-Civil service, or merit system

A) Attempts to gain approval by adhering to traditional police values and norms
B) A situation in which an employee has to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor's sexual demands
C) African American officers having to prove to white officers that they are not biased
D) Women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are labeled
E) Important for both political and performance reasons of the police department F. Attempts to perform her duties in a traditionally feminine manner
G) The features of the police department that women have a problem relating to
H) Selecting in rank order those individuals who obtained the highest combined score on an exam
I) Derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria
J) Attempts to remedy past discriminatory practices