Deck 3: Numerical Descriptive Measures

Question 1

In left-skewed distributions, which of the following is the correct statement?

A) The distance from Q₁ to Q₂ is smaller than the distance from Q₂ to Q₃.
B) The distance from the smallest observation to Q₁ is larger than the distance from Q₃ to the largest observation.
C) The distance from the smallest observation to Q₂ is less than the distance from Q₂ to the largest observation.
D) The distance from Q₁ to Q₃ is twice the distance from the Q₁ to Q₂.

Answer 1

The distance from the smallest observation to Q₁ is larger than the distance from Q₃ to the largest observation.

Question 2

When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptive summary measures are most appropriate?

A) CV and range
B) arithmetic mean and standard deviation
C) interquartile range and median
D) variance and interquartile range

Answer 2

interquartile range and median

Question 3

Which of the arithmetic mean, median, and mode are resistant measures of central tendency?

A) the arithmetic only
B) the median only
C) the mode mean only
D) the median and mode only

Answer 3

the median and mode only

Question 4

According to the empirical rule, if the data form a "bell-shaped" normal distribution, ________ percent of the observations will be contained within 1 standard deviation around the arithmetic mean.

A) 68.26
B) 75.00
C) 88.89
D) 93.75

Question 5

In right-skewed distributions, which of the following is the correct statement?

A) The distance from Q₁ to Q₂ is greater than the distance from Q₂ to Q₃.
B) The distance from Q₁ to Q₂ is less than the distance from Q₂ to Q₃.
C) The arithmetic mean is less than the median.
D) The mode is greater than the arithmetic mean.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT sensitive to extreme values?

A) the range
B) the standard deviation
C) the interquartile range
D) the coefficient of variation

Question 7

In perfectly symmetrical distributions, which of the following is NOT a correct statement?

A) The distance from Q₁ to Q₂ equals to the distance from Q₂ to Q₃.
B) The distance from the smallest observation to Q₁ is the same as the distance from Q₃ to the largest observation.
C) The distance from the smallest observation to Q₂ is the same as the distance from Q₂ to the largest observation.
D) The distance from Q₁ to Q₃ is half of the distance from the smallest to the largest observation.

Question 8

Which of the following statistics is NOT a measure of central tendency?

A) arithmetic mean
B) median
C) mode
D) Q₃

Question 9

According to the empirical rule, if the data form a "bell-shaped" normal distribution, ________ percent of the observations will be contained within 2 standard deviations around the arithmetic mean.

A) 68.26
B) 88.89
C) 93.75
D) 95.44

Question 10

In a perfectly symmetrical bell-shaped "normal" distribution,

A) the arithmetic mean equals the median.
B) the median equals the mode.
C) the arithmetic mean equals the mode.
D) all the above

Question 11

In a perfectly symmetrical distribution,

A) the range equals the interquartile range.
B) the interquartile range equals the arithmetic mean.
C) the median equals the arithmetic mean.
D) the variance equals the standard deviation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

A) the arithmetic mean
B) the median
C) the mode
D) the interquartile range

Question 13

In general, which of the following descriptive summary measures cannot be easily approximated from a boxplot?

A) the variance
B) the range
C) the interquartile range
D) the median

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the median is NOT true?

A) It is more affected by extreme values than the arithmetic mean.
B) It is a measure of central tendency.
C) It is equal to Q₂.
D) It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped "normal" distributions.

Question 15

Which of the following is sensitive to extreme values?

A) the median
B) the interquartile range
C) the arithmetic mean
D) the 1ˢᵗ quartile

Question 16

According to the empirical rule, if the data form a "bell-shaped" normal distribution, ________ percent of the observations will be contained within 3 standard deviations around the arithmetic mean.

A) 68.26
B) 75.00
C) 95.0
D) 99.7

Question 17

In a right-skewed distribution,

A) the median equals the arithmetic mean.
B) the median is less than the arithmetic mean.
C) the median is greater than the arithmetic mean.
D) none of the above

Question 18

Which descriptive summary measures are considered to be resistant statistics?

A) the arithmetic mean and standard deviation
B) the interquartile range and range
C) the mode and variance
D) the median and interquartile range

Question 19

Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variables?

A) arithmetic mean
B) median
C) mode
D) standard deviation

Question 20

The smaller the spread of scores around the arithmetic mean,

A) the smaller the interquartile range.
B) the smaller the standard deviation.
C) the smaller the coefficient of variation.
D) all the above

Question 21

According to the Chebyshev rule, at least 93.75% of all observations in any data set are contained within a distance of how many standard deviations around the mean?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 22

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, determine the median age of the senior citizens.

Question 23

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, determine which of the following is the correct statement.

A) One-fourth of the senior citizens sampled are below 65.5 years of age.
B) The middle 50% of the senior citizens sampled are between 65.5 and 73.0 years of age.
C) The mean age of senior citizens sampled is 73.5 years of age.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 24

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, what type of shape does the distribution of the sample appear to have?

Question 25

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1 determine the third quartile of the ages of the senior citizens.

Question 26

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, calculate the variance of the ages of the senior citizens correct to the nearest hundredth of a year squared.

Question 27

The median of the values 3.4, 4.7, 1.9, 7.6, and 6.5 is 1.9.

Question 28

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1 determine the first quartile of the ages of the senior citizens.

Question 29

The median of the values 3.4, 4.7, 1.9, 7.6, and 6.5 is 4.05.

Question 30

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, calculate the standard deviation of the ages of the senior citizens correct to the nearest hundredth of a year.

Question 31

Which of the following is the easiest to compute?

A) the arithmetic mean
B) the median
C) the mode
D) the standard deviation

Question 32

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, determine the interquartile range of the ages of the senior citizens.

Question 33

Data on the change in the cost of tuition, a shared dormitory room, and the most popular meal plan from one academic year to the next academic year for a sample of 100 public universities were collected. Below is the boxplot for the change in cost in dollars. The distribution of the change in cost is

A) right-skewed.
B) left-skewed.
C) symmetrical.
D) none of the above

Question 34

According to the Chebyshev rule, at least 75% of all observations in any data set are contained within a distance of how many standard deviations around the mean?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 35

A manufacturer of flashlight batteries took a sample of 130 batteries from a day's production and used them continuously until they were drained. The number of hours until failure were recorded. Given below is the boxplot of the number of hours it took to drain each of the 130 batteries. The distribution of the number of hours is

A) right-skewed.
B) left-skewed.
C) symmetrical.
D) none of the above

Question 36

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, identify which of the following is the correct statement.

A) One-fourth of the senior citizens sampled are below 64 years of age.
B) The middle 50% of the senior citizens sampled are between 65.5 and 73.0 years of age.
C) 25% of the senior citizens sampled are older than 81.5 years of age.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 37

According to the Chebyshev rule, at least what percentage of the observations in any data set are contained within a distance of 3 standard deviations around the mean?

A) 67%
B) 75%
C) 88.89%
D) 99.7%

Question 38

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, calculate the arithmetic mean age of the senior citizens to the nearest hundredth of a year.

Question 39

TABLE 3-1
Health care issues are receiving much attention in both academic and political arenas. A sociologist recently conducted a survey of citizens over 60 years of age whose net worth is too high to qualify for Medicaid. The ages of 25 senior citizens were as follows:

Referring to Table 3-1, calculate the coefficient of variation of the ages of the senior citizens.

Question 40

According to the Chebyshev rule, at least what percentage of the observations in any data set are contained within a distance of 2 standard deviations around the mean?

A) 67%
B) 75%
C) 88.89%
D) 95%

Question 41

In right-skewed distributions, the distance from Q₃ to the largest value is greater than the distance from the smallest observation to Q₁.

Question 42

The median is a measure of variation or dispersion in a set of data.

Question 43

The coefficient of variation is a measure of central tendency in the data.

Question 44

In exploratory data analysis, a boxplot can be used to illustrate the median, quartiles, and extreme values.

Question 45

A boxplot is a graphical representation of a five-number summary.

Question 46

The coefficient of variation is expressed as a percentage.

Question 47

The line drawn within the box of the boxplot always represents the arithmetic mean.

Question 48

The five-number summary consists of the smallest value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the largest value.

Question 49

The coefficient of variation measures variability in a data set relative to the size of the arithmetic mean.

Question 50

The interquartile range is a measure of variation or dispersion in a set of data.

Question 51

In a set of numerical data, the value for Q₂ is always halfway between Q₁ and Q₃.

Question 52

In a boxplot, the box portion represents the data between the first and third quartile values.

Question 53

The line drawn within the box of the boxplot always represents the median.

Question 54

The median of a data set with 20 items would be the average of the 10th and the 11th items in the ordered array.

Question 55

In a set of numerical data, the value for Q₃ can never be smaller than the value for Q₁.

Question 56

In left-skewed distributions, the distance from the smallest value to Q₁ is greater than the distance from Q₃ to the largest value.

Question 57

In a sample of size 40, the sample mean is 15. In this case, the sum of all observations in the sample is Σ Xᵢ = 600.

Question 58

The interquartile range is a measure of central tendency in a set of data.

Question 59

If the distribution of a data set were perfectly symmetrical, the distance from Q₁ to the median would always equal the distance from Q₃ to the median in a boxplot.

Question 60

A population with 200 elements has an arithmetic mean of 10. From this information, it can be shown that the population standard deviation is 15.

Question 61

TABLE 3-3
The ordered array below represents the number of vitamin supplements sold by a health food store in a sample of 16 days.
19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41
Note: For this sample, the sum of the values is 448, and the sum of the squared differences between each value and the mean is 812.
Referring to Table 3-3, the range of the number of vitamin supplements sold in this sample is ________.

Question 62

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the standard deviation of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.

Question 63

TABLE 3-3
The ordered array below represents the number of vitamin supplements sold by a health food store in a sample of 16 days.
19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41
Note: For this sample, the sum of the values is 448, and the sum of the squared differences between each value and the mean is 812.
Referring to Table 3-3, the arithmetic mean of the number of vitamin supplements sold in this sample is ________.

Question 64

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the coefficient of variation of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ percent.

Question 65

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.

Question 66

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the first quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.

Question 67

TABLE 3-3
The ordered array below represents the number of vitamin supplements sold by a health food store in a sample of 16 days.
19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41
Note: For this sample, the sum of the values is 448, and the sum of the squared differences between each value and the mean is 812.
Referring to Table 3-3, the first quartile of the number of vitamin supplements sold in this sample is ________.

Question 68

If a set of data is perfectly symmetrical, the arithmetic mean must be identical to the median.

Question 69

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the interquartile range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.

Question 70

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the third quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.

Question 71

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the variance of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ (grams squared).

Question 72

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________ grams.

Question 73

The coefficient of variation is a measure of relative variation.

Question 74

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the arithmetic mean carbohydrates in this sample is ________ grams.

Question 75

TABLE 3-3
The ordered array below represents the number of vitamin supplements sold by a health food store in a sample of 16 days.
19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41
Note: For this sample, the sum of the values is 448, and the sum of the squared differences between each value and the mean is 812.
Referring to Table 3-3, the median number of vitamin supplements sold in this sample is ________.

Question 76

TABLE 3-3
The ordered array below represents the number of vitamin supplements sold by a health food store in a sample of 16 days.
19, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41
Note: For this sample, the sum of the values is 448, and the sum of the squared differences between each value and the mean is 812.
Referring to Table 3-3, the third quartile of the number of vitamin supplements sold in this sample is ________.

Question 77

If the data set is approximately bell-shaped, the empirical rule will more accurately reflect the greater concentration of data close to the mean as compared to the Chebyshev rule.

Question 78

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, construct a boxplot for the carbohydrate amounts.

Question 79

TABLE 3-2
The data below represent the amount of grams of carbohydrates in a serving of breakfast cereal in a sample of 11 different servings.
11, 15, 23, 29, 19, 22, 21, 20 ,15, 25, 17
Referring to Table 3-2, the five-number summary of the carbohydrate amounts consists of ________, ________, ________, ________, ________.

Question 80

If the arithmetic mean of a numerical data set is greater than the median, the data are considered to be ________-skewed.