Deck 11: Organized and White-Collar Crime

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the primary motivations for organized and white-collar offenses?

A) the desire to obtain social power
B) the desire to amass wealth
C) the desire for personal revenge
D) the desire for political power

Answer 1

C

Question 2

This criminal offense is a type of business enterprise involving highly structured groups that engage in crime and often use violence to achieve their goals.

A) white-collar
B) corporate
C) structural
D) organized

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This criminal offense involves individual employees who break the law within a business environment.

A) white-collar
B) corporate
C) structural
D) organized

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A criminal offense committed by a legitimate business is an example of this criminal offense.

A) white collar
B) corporate
C) structural
D) organized

Question 5

Which of the following statements about criminal organizations is false?

A) Modern criminal organizations are often trying to advance a political agenda.
B) Modern criminal organizations have a definite chain of command.
C) Modern criminal organizations are self-perpetuating.
D) Modern criminal organizations are monopolistic.

Question 6

Criminal organizations generally have this chain of command.

A) inverted pyramidal
B) flat
C) hierarchical
D) direct

Question 7

The owner of a small company that produces plastic toys offers a city manager a sum of money if the city manager is able to get the property taxes for the manufacturing facility waived. What is this called?

A) bribery
B) extortion
C) larceny
D) fraud

Question 8

These are the two primary tools of criminal organizations.

A) influence peddling and violence
B) bribery and violence
C) bribery and influence peddling
D) violence and politics

Question 9

The political machines developed by which immigrant group contains the genesis of organized crime?

A) Italian
B) Irish
C) English
D) German

Question 10

These gave Irish immigrants opportunities to build community, establish ethnic identity, and amass political power.

A) schools
B) saloons
C) courts
D) police

Question 11

Prohibition was enacted by this Amendment to the Constitution.

A) Eighteenth
B) Twenty-first
C) Twenty-third
D) Twenty-fourth

Question 12

Which of the following was not banned by Prohibition?

A) The manufacture of alcoholic beverages.
B) The transportation of alcoholic beverages.
C) The sale of alcoholic beverages.
D) The consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Question 13

The ratification of this Amendment to the Constitution ended Prohibition.

A) Eighteenth
B) Twenty-first
C) Twenty-third
D) Twenty-fourth

Question 14

Which legislation did Congress pass in 1919 that created the Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department and charged it with the primary responsibility for enforcing Prohibition?

A) Prohibition Act
B) Volstead Act
C) Eighteenth Amendment
D) Twenty-first Amendment

Question 15

This was the most significant by-product of Prohibition.

A) genesis of a trend towards temperance in the United States
B) solidification of the "myth of the Mafia"
C) shift of power from city bosses to private individuals engaged in organized crime
D) Sicilian domination of organized crime

Question 16

This involves the use of extortion and force to engage in illegal activities.

A) bribery
B) racketeering
C) securities fraud
D) graft

Question 17

This involves the use of threats or intimidation to obtain money, property, or information.

A) bribery
B) kickbacks
C) graft
D) extortion

Question 18

According to Albanese, what is the "ethnicity trap"?

A) when people who share an ethnicity coalesce around a specific criminal element and supply them with members
B) when police arrest people of a specific ethnicity
C) when people of a specific ethnicity break the law
D) the assumption that people who share an ethnicity coalesce around a specific criminal element and supply them with members

Question 19

What are attempts to manipulate the investment market called?

A) insider trading
B) securities fraud
C) graft
D) kickbacks

Question 20

The RICO statutes are based on which criminological theory?

A) rational choice
B) sociobiology
C) focal concerns
D) differential association

Question 21

Which of the following statements about the Russian organized crime network in Brooklyn is true?

A) They are centralized.
B) Most members join for life, or for a long period of time.
C) Members are often organized around a specific offense.
D) They are dominated by a small core of leaders.

Question 22

In this model of organized crime, participants have no loyalty to their ethnic group or to their partners in crime.

A) transient
B) network
C) hierarchical
D) gang

Question 23

What is the basic difference between street gangs and criminal organizations?

A) organization and coherence
B) the development of the structural network model
C) corruption
D) hierarchical organizational modeling

Question 24

Which of the following is an attribute that gangs and criminal organizations have in common?

A) violence
B) corruption
C) legitimate business
D) multiple enterprises

Question 25

This theory suggests that immigrants join criminal organizations as a vehicle for achieving the goals of American life.

A) rational choice
B) routine activities
C) differential association
D) strain

Question 26

According to this theory, crime organization members learn crime from each other.

A) classical strain
B) differential association
C) labeling
D) life-course

Question 27

The difference between street crime and white-collar crime involves this.

A) types of offenses committed
B) targets of the offenders
C) techniques used by the offenders
D) demographics of the offenders

Question 28

This is a form of theft in which an employee trusted with funds or good diverts them to personal use.

A) embezzlement
B) securities fraud
C) pilfering
D) kickbacks

Question 29

A fast-food worker who overcharges customers for purchases and keeps the difference is an example of this.

A) embezzlement
B) pilfering
C) consumer fraud
D) kickbacks

Question 30

This is low-level employee theft.

A) bribery
B) kickbacks
C) pilfering
D) fraud

Question 31

Who are the offenders in cases of corporate crime?

A) low-level employees
B) members of a criminal organization hired by the corporation
C) criminal justice officials bribed by the corporation
D) chief officers of the corporation

Question 32

Which of the following is not a reason why corporate crime has such low visibility compared to other types of crime?

A) The profits from the illegal enterprises are not always distinguishable from the legitimate profits.
B) The offenders are not directly associated with the corporation.
C) The victims are often not easy to identify.
D) Convicted offenders are often dealt with more leniently than other types of offenders.

Question 33

This concept considers the corporation as an artificial person so that the court treats the corporation as a single entity.

A) corporate personhood
B) vicarious liability
C) direct responsibility
D) triad functionality

Question 34

Currently, the U.S. legal system prosecutes corporate offenses using _____

A) triad functionality
B) vicarious liability
C) corporate personhood
D) direct responsibility

Question 35

The sale of products that do not work falls into which category of corporate crime?

A) scams
B) fiduciary fraud
C) crimes against the environment
D) embezzlement

Question 36

This fraud occurs when individuals and corporations entrust their money and financial dealings to financial companies that violate that trust.

A) securities
B) fiduciary
C) corporate
D) white-collar

Question 37

This type of fraud involves attempts to manipulate corporate holdings to inflate profits or mask losses.

A) corporate
B) white collar
C) fiduciary
D) securities

Question 38

This is a major motivation for environmental crime.

A) make money
B) save money
C) hide corporate misconduct
D) perpetrate fiduciary fraud

Question 39

In what country did the gang MS-13 form?

A) Colombia
B) United States
C) Chile
D) Mexico

Question 40

List and define the three main categories of crime that are perpetuated within the context of organizations.

Question 41

Explain the ways in which criminal organizations differ from conventional offenders and from terrorist groups.

Question 42

What is RICO and what is its purpose? Explain the theoretical basis of RICO. What conditions must be met to establish violations of RICO and how does it help prosecutors target organized crime? What additional punishments are allowed under RICO?

Question 43

Select two criminological theories and describe how they explain white-collar crime.

Question 44

Explain the reasons why corporate crime has such low visibility and is often difficult to detect.