Deck 14: Criminology, Technology, and Privacy

Question 1

Which is not an effect of technology on the criminal justice system?

A) Technology has given offenders more opportunities to break the law.
B) The criminal justice system uses technology to discover, apprehend, process, and incarcerate offenders.
C) Technology has made the crime rate go down.
D) Technology has altered the public's concept of privacy.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

After World War II, the reasons for developing a decentralized national computer network were _____ and _____.

A) cultural and criminological
B) capitalist and sociological
C) altruistic and experimental
D) military and scientific

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This officially went online in October 1969 with a test message sent from UCLA to the Stanford Research Institute.

A) ARPANET
B) INTERNET
C) W3
D) NSFNet

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In 1987, this agency over responsibility for ARPANET's civilian nodes and created the system eventually known as the Internet.

A) National Foundation for the Arts
B) National Science Foundation
C) NASA
D) Advanced Research Projects Agency

Question 5

This is a part of the World Wide Web that is accessible only with certain types of software or authorization.

A) Internet
B) no-net
C) DW3
D) dark web

Question 6

This legislation specifically prohibits pretexting to obtain consumers' personal financial information, such as bank balances, from financial institutions.

A) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
B) CAN-SPAM Act
C) Volstead Act
D) Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act

Question 7

Despite the increased level of sophistication required to commit offenses such as robbery and theft that has resulted from the advances in technology, these offenses are mostly an extension of this type of crime.

A) street
B) white-collar
C) organized
D) political

Question 8

Technological efforts at protecting banks utilize situational crime prevention. This is an extension of which theory?

A) routine activities
B) rational choice
C) strain
D) conflict

Question 9

What is the security focus of modern banking?

A) target hardening
B) situational crime prevention
C) loss limitation
D) physical security

Question 10

Concerns about which offense led to the development of technological innovations such as fingerprint scanners and voice recognition software?

A) counterfeiting
B) robbery
C) identity theft
D) burglary

Question 11

Crime is _____ defined.

A) socially
B) normatively
C) individually
D) actively

Question 12

One key consequence the Internet has had for traditional criminal justice is its effect on this.

A) the law
B) jurisdiction
C) society
D) technology

Question 13

Legal jurisdiction can be established by all but which of the following?

A) the victim's nationality
B) geography
C) political boundaries
D) the nature of the offense

Question 14

This is the unauthorized use of an information system or network.

A) phishing
B) hacking
C) scamming
D) spamming

Question 15

Why did perpetrators of early technology-based crime, such as "the Whistler" and "Cap'n Crunch" break the law?

A) to get jobs in the industry
B) to make money
C) to gain knowledge
D) for revenge

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic common to computer networks on which crime is common?

A) They offer some degree of anonymity.
B) They have limited access.
C) They are large.
D) They are versatile.

Question 17

This is unsolicited e-mail advertising a product or service that is sent in bulk to large numbers of people.

A) junk mail
B) spam
C) trash mail
D) phish

Question 18

Which of the following theories explains Internet crime by suggesting that people behave differently online than they do offline?

A) space transition theory
B) neutralization theory
C) routine activity theory
D) opportunity theory

Question 19

Which federal agency coordinates responses to computer-based attacks in the United States?

A) US-CERT
B) National Cyber Security Division Mission
C) FBI Cyber Investigations
D) Internet Crime Complaint Center

Question 20

According to opportunity theory, the opportunity for crime on the Internet is increased because of this.

A) It is harder to prevent online offenders from using techniques of neutralization.
B) It is not bound by physical place.
C) People behave differently in different spaces.
D) Suitable guardians are rare.

Question 21

This involves manipulating individuals so that they give away information or perform actions.

A) social manipulation
B) social engineering
C) social psychology
D) social persuasion

Question 22

This involves committing a network break-in by persuading someone to reveal the system passwords, rather than by cracking them.

A) phishing
B) dataveillence
C) phreaking
D) pretexting

Question 23

This involve(s) the use of an e-mail that resembles an important communication from a bank or other trusted institution.

A) phishing
B) pretexting
C) logic bombs
D) social engineering

Question 24

This type of attack is focused, with an e-mail being personalized to the receiver, often by information picked from a social media site.

A) pretexting
B) phreaking
C) spear phishing
D) hacking

Question 25

These often arrive in the form of e-mail attachments that appear interesting to recipients, promising exciting pictures, screensavers, music, or software.

A) hacking
B) pretexting
C) phishing
D) Trojan horses

Question 26

What is the first known computer virus?

A) Reaper
B) Elk Cloner
C) Creeper
D) Melissa

Question 27

This is software that purposefully damages, disables, or steals information from computers and computer systems.

A) badware
B) hackware
C) sadware
D) malware

Question 28

This attack is designed to make a computer or server so busy with meaningless activity that it is unavailable for useful activity.

A) logic bomb
B) Trojan horse
C) road apple
D) denial of service attack

Question 29

Peer-to-peer networks such as BitTorrent facilitate which type of offense?

A) spamming
B) theft of intellectual property
C) identity theft
D) social engineering

Question 30

According to one typology of child pornographers, this type pursues online relationships with children with the intent to establish a virtual or physical sexual relationship.

A) secure collector
B) producer
C) groomer
D) trawler

Question 31

According to the typology of child pornographers, this type actively seeks child pornography using openly available Web browsers using little to no security.

A) trawler
B) groomer
C) browser
D) non-secure collector

Question 32

In this case, a man was convicted for possessing images that focused on the clothed genital areas of young girls.

A) Terry v. Ohio
B) Argersinger v. Hamlin
C) Carpenter v. United States
D) United States v. Knox

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the standards under federal law that apply to all forms of child pornography?

A) A child is anyone under the age of 18.
B) Possession, production, and distribution of child pornography are criminal offenses.
C) The electronic images must be retained (printed, saved to digital media, etc.) to be considered a criminal offense.
D) Any sexually explicit behavior is included, not just obscene behavior or nudity.

Question 34

Much of the federal funding for surveillance cameras is based on using the cameras for which purpose?

A) spotting potential terrorist activity
B) deterring potential street offenders
C) controlling crime
D) providing evidence in court

Question 35

This term refers to methods used to verify identity based on physiological or behavioral characteristics.

A) electronic monitoring
B) social engineering
C) pretexting
D) biometrics

Question 36

This is the primary criminal justice use of biometrics.

A) maintain security for prisons and jails
B) track offenders released on parole
C) increase the efficiency of probation officer contacts with offenders on probation
D) facilitate dataveillance

Question 37

This term describes an organized set of information.

A) jurisdiction
B) computer
C) program
D) database

Question 38

What his the systematic use of personal data systems in the investigation or monitoring of the actions or communications of one or more persons is called?

A) biometrics
B) dataveillance
C) RFID tagging
D) social engineering

Question 39

In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that the police need a search warrant to collect information about where suspects have used their cell phones.

A) Terry v. Ohio
B) Argersinger v. Hamlin
C) Carpenter v. United States
D) United States v. Knox

Question 40

Which of the following statements about privacy and security is false?

A) Security is now a global concern.
B) Teenagers and young adults have different ideas about privacy than older adults.
C) The future relationship between privacy and security is reasonably predictable today.
D) Americans have voluntarily given up some of their privacy.

Question 41

List and explain the three main effects technology has had on the criminal justice system.

Question 42

Define social engineering and explain how it exploits human error. Explain different types of social engineering that rely on the use of computers.

Question 43

Discuss the pros and cons of the dark web. Is having a network with anonymous communication for political dissidents, journalists, law enforcement officers, and business professionals worth the crime that may occur on it?

Question 44

Explain the concept of electronic monitoring and discuss the advantages and criticisms of this type of technology.

Question 45

Explain the tension between privacy and security and the key issues affecting it.