Deck 11: History of Womens Activism in the United States: Struggles and Solidarities

Question 1

What important factor(s) prevented the passage of ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) in 1982?

Answer 1

(on p. 340)

Question 2

What are some shortcomings of the three waves model of feminism?

Answer 2

(on pp. 330-331)

Question 3

Compare and contrast the meanings of the terms "equality feminism" and "difference feminism" for the political and social-cultural goals and strategies for the modern women's movement.

Answer 3

(on pp. 349-350)

Question 4

Who were the Lowell Mill girls? Why did they strike against their employer in 1834 and 1836?

Question 5

How did the Iroquois provide an inspirational example for nineteenth century women's rights leaders like Matilda Joslyn Gage and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

Question 6

Explain how American women assumed leadership positions within the American labor movement during the 1930s and 1940s? Why did labor feminists advocate the notion of a provider wage and address the problem of women's double work day in their organizing work?

Question 7

When did the phrase "Third Wave feminism" become publicly known in America? Why is it difficult to distinguish Third Wave feminism from its predecessor, Second Wave feminism?

Question 8

Why does the Combahee River Collective Statement point out that " [w]e struggle together with Black men against racism, while we also struggle with Black men about sexism?"

Question 9

Define the term "multiracial feminism." How does this term encompass the feminist activism and organizing of women who felt marginalized by the liberal Second Wave feminist movement?

Question 10

Why does feminist activist and writer Jennifer Baumgardner utilize a "wave" periodization for creating a timeline of American women's history? How does she distinguish between each "wave period" in the history of American feminism?

Question 11

What are the Comstock Laws, and how did these affect the birth control movement?

Question 12

How did African American women activists bring public attention to the horror and true motivations of lynchings of Black people?

Question 13

Betty Freidan's influential book The Feminine Mystique has been acknowledged as an important factor within the so-called Second Wave feminist movement. However, why are some feminist scholars critical of its focus and advice to women?

Question 14

Explain why sisters Minnie Lee and Mary Alice Relf were part of a class action suit involving sterilization? How did their case expose the racial and class-based nature of punitive sterilization in American history?

Question 15

Who coined the term "Gaga Feminism" and why? Why does it not have a specific political agenda?

Question 16

Why did the National Woman's Party embrace confrontational tactics and proudly call itself "Feminist"?

Question 17

Who was Ernestine Rose? Why did she endure enmity and isolation within and outside the women's rights movement during the 19^th century?

Question 18

Why didn't the passage of the 19^th amendment expand voters among African American, Mexican, Native American, and Asian American communities?

Question 19

Explain why reproductive choice became the focus of the modern feminist movement after 1960?

Question 20

What is the Riot Grrrl movement? Why is the use of alternative media key to understanding its interpretation of Third Wave feminism's socio-cultural and political messages?

Question 21

In what year did National Woman's Party picket the White House in support of suffrage?

A) 1910
B) 1916
C) 1914
D) 1919
E) 1917

Question 22

Which one of the following states were the Grimké sisters Angelina and Sarah born in?

A) Virginia
B) South Carolina
C) Georgia
D) Alabama
E) Maryland

Question 23

Who was called the "guiding light" of the Underground Railroad?

A) Mary Prince
B) Sarah Mapp Douglass
C) Elizabeth Freeman
D) Harriet Tubman
E) Sarah Parker Redmond

Question 24

Where did the document The Declaration of Sentiments originate?

A) Seneca Falls Convention
B) Second Continental Congress
C) First National Women's Rights Convention
D) National Women's Trade Union League
E) The First Woman's National Loyal League Convention

Question 25

Which abolitionist society during the nineteenth century was integrated?

A) American Baptist Anti-Slavery Society
B) American Wesleyan Anti-Slavery Society
C) Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
D) Church Anti-Slavery Society
E) Lane Anti-Slavery Society

Question 26

Which one of the following suffrage leaders had important personal contact with Iroquois women in the 19^th century?

A) Alice Paul
B) Dora Lewis
C) Harriet Stanton Blatch
D) Mary Livermore
E) Lucretia Mott

Question 27

What year did President Woodrow Wilson first announce his support for suffrage?

A) 1918
B) 1919
C) 1917
D) 1920
E) 1916

Question 28

Which one of the following famous early 20^th century women rights leaders first championed the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)?

A) Mary Anderson
B) Julia Lathrop
C) Rose Schneiderman
D) Alice Paul
E) Alice Hamilton

Question 29

Who among the following Latina activists led the largest labor strikes in San Antonio history during the 1930s?

A) Josefina Fierro de Bright
B) Emma Tenayuca
C) Auroa Castillo
D) Sophie González
E) María Flores

Question 30

Which one of the following places was the site for early clinical trials for the birth control pill?

A) New Jersey
B) Illinois
C) Guam
D) Florida
E) Puerto Rico

Question 31

What year was the Equal Employment Opportunity Act decreed?

A) 1972
B) 1969
C) 1971
D) 1973
E) 1974

Question 32

Which one of the following organizations was formed in 1971 by Chicanas?

A) Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional
B) MANA
C) Hijas de Cuauhtémoc
D) Hermanitas
E) Latina Leadership Institute

Question 33

What year was Roe v. Wade argued before the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) 1975
B) 1970
C) 1971
D) 1974
E) 1973

Question 34

Who wrote the book Backlash?

A) Susie Bright
B) Susan Faludi
C) Charlotte Bunch
D) Rita Mae Brown
E) Kate Millet

Question 35

When was the first AIDS service organizations formed in New York and San Francisco?

A) 1979
B) 1983
C) 1985
D) 1982
E) 1980

Question 36

Who created the feminist approach called "Gaga feminism"?

A) Jack Halberstam
B) Octavia Butler
C) Jessica Valenti
D) Judith Butler
E) Rebecca Solnit

Question 37

Who coauthored the book Manifesta?

A) Susan Douglas
B) Anne Sprinkle
C) Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
D) Lisa Duggan
E) Amy Richards

Question 38

When was contraception permitted in all 50 U.S. states?

A) 1968
B) 1961
C) 1965
D) 1963
E) 1962

Question 39

Who introduced the term "double jeopardy" to describe the dual discrimination faced by Black women?

A) Maya Angelou
B) bell hooks
C) Octavia Butler
D) Frances Beal
E) Audre Lorde

Question 40

Which of the following feminists was a founding member of NOW (National Organization of Women)?

A) Pauli Murray
B) Julie Bindel
C) Andrea Dworkin
D) Barbara Love
E) Ellen Willis

Question 41

Which one of the following American presidents supported the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)?

A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) George Walker Bush
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Howard Taft
E) Richard Nixon

Question 42

Which famous suffrage leader said publicly that white women were more suitable for citizenship than Black men?

A) Sarah Grimké
B) Lucy Stone
C) Susan B. Anthony
D) Frances Willard
E) Victoria Woodhull

Question 43

Who was the first Black woman to speak before a mixed audience of men and women?

A) Maria Stewart
B) Charlotte Forten
C) Ellen Craft
D) Margaretta Forten
E) Hetty Reckless

Question 44

When did the group WARN bring public attention to forced sterilization of Native American women?

A) 1960s
B) 1980s
C) 1950s
D) 1970s
E) 1990s

Question 45

Which one of the following Latina activists created the Chicana National Welfare Rights Organization?

A) Dolores Huerta
B) Alicia Escalante
C) Jovita Idar
D) Francisca Flores
E) Aurora Levins Morales

Question 46

There exist no continuities between Second and Third Wave feminisms.

Question 47

Nearly half of the women who have been involuntarily sterilized in American history are Native American.

Question 48

Katherine Ellickson worked in the Kennedy Administration.

Question 49

The Lowell Female Labor Reform Association was formed in 1836.

Question 50

Most American Quakers refused to condemn slavery during the 18^th century.

Question 51

Many Spanish and Mexican women lost their property rights when the Mexican frontier was annexed by the United States in the aftermath of the U.S.-Mexican War in 1848.

Question 52

Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the United States in 1917.

Question 53

One of the 2011 Medal of Freedom recipients was Dolores Huerta, cofounder of UFW (United Farmworkers of America).

Question 54

Civil rights leader Ella Baker was important to the founding of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee).

Question 55

In its 1998 cover, Time magazine asked, "Is Feminism Dead?" Their answer was no.