Deck 10: Living in a Multicultural World

Question 1

In two studies of Chinese nationals who studied or worked at American universities, participants who adopted an Anglicized name reported slightly higher levels of self-esteem than participants who did not change their name.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In one study, American university students rated photos of Chinese students as more similar to Americans when the Chinese students had American-sounding names.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In one study, American university students who __________________ evaluated a lecturer more favorably when the lecturer used his original Chinese name.

A) had studied overseas
B) endorsed multiculturalism
C) supported cultural hegemony
D) had at least one Chinese friend

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to studies conducted by Zhao and Biernat, Chinese students who Anglicize their name when they come to the United States _________________________.

A) often say they want to use a name that is easier for Americans to pronounce
B) may experience a small reduction in their level of self-esteem
C) may experience less discrimination from Americans
D) all of the above

Question 5

According to studies of people who work or study in a foreign country, what are the likely benefits and costs associated with adopting a local-sounding name?

Question 6

Why are experiments methodologically superior to correlational studies? What can an experiment do that a correlational study cannot do?

Question 7

Multiple personality disorder appears to have spread, like a virus, from Germany and France to Canada and the United States.

Question 8

A meme is a packet of cultural information that can be replicated and transmitted easily from person to person, often through imitation.

Question 9

Which of these is NOT part of the cultural script for running amok?

A) The amoker is a male who has been grievously insulted.
B) The amoker obtains a handgun or rifle and embarks on a killing spree.
C) The amoker keeps moving and killing until the amoker is killed.
D) When captured alive, the amoker blacks out and later claims to have no memory for the incident.

Question 10

Which of these appears to be a good candidate for a culture-bound syndrome?

A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) multiple personality disorder
D) all of the above

Question 11

Use the concepts of "meme" and "social construction of illness" to explain how multiple personality disorder (MPD) spread from one country to other countries.

Question 12

What is a culture-bound syndrome? What are the defining characteristics of a culture-bound syndrome?

Question 13

As a group, North Americans are likely to have an incremental view of intelligence, whereas Asians are likely to have an entity view of intelligence.

Question 14

The phenomenon that cultural psychologists call "blending" occurs inside a group that contains individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 15

Persons who __________________ respond to their academic failures and setbacks by studying more and trying new strategies.

A) think more analytically
B) think more intuitively
C) hold an entity view of intelligence
D) hold an incremental view of intelligence

Question 16

In one study, students in Japan and the United States solved problems on the Remote Associates Test. What was the major finding of the study?

A) On average, the Japanese solved more problems and solved them faster than the Americans did.
B) The Americans were motivated to avoid failure, but the Japanese were motivated to improve themselves.
C) The Japanese performed better when the problems required holistic thinking, but the Americans performed better when the problems required analytic thinking.
D) none of the above

Question 17

Why do Indian American youngsters dominate the Scripps National Spelling Bee? Be specific.
There are several plausible explanations. India's educational system emphasizes rote learning and memorization. Spelling bees are a way for Indians to assimilate into mainstream American society. Highly skilled Indian immigrants tend to enroll their children in academically oriented extracurricular pursuits. Most Indian American spelling champions have competed for years in regional competitions sponsored by the North South Foundation. Finally, Indians and Indian Americans typically have an incremental view of intelligence, which holds that one's abilities are changeable and can be improved through effort and hard work. As a result, they study more and are less likely to give up.

Question 18

Who will probably be more likely to learn a new language as an adult, a person with an entity view of intelligence or a person with an incremental view of intelligence? Why?

Question 19

What is blending? Illustrate your answer with a plausible example.

Question 20

According to Moral Foundations Theory, judgments of right and wrong are based on fast, automatic gut-reactions of liking or disliking.

Question 21

Studies have found that, when debating political issues, conservatives typically construct arguments that reflect their own moral values, whereas liberals typically construct arguments that reflect the moral values of the target audience.

Question 22

In one study, researchers using Moral Foundations Theory discovered that one moral concern strongly predicted people's positions on 11 of 13 social and political issues. Which moral concern was it?

A) Caring
B) Fairness
C) Loyalty
D) Purity

Question 23

Studies have found that social liberals generally consider the moral concerns of Caring and Fairness to be more important than Loyalty, Authority, and Purity. In contrast, social conservatives generally consider _____________________.

A) Loyalty and Authority to be more important than Caring and Fairness
B) Loyalty, Authority, and Fairness to be more important than Caring
C) Purity to be more important than all other moral concerns
D) all five moral concerns to be important

Question 24

Describe Moral Foundations Theory. Be specific.

Question 25

Suppose you want to persuade conservative voters in your state or province to support the legalization of marijuana. What arguments will you use? Why?