Deck 12: Global Health: Addressing Inequalities in Outcomes

Question 1

A parasite that is lodged into a crop or meat grown and raised in one part of the world can be packaged in another, and consumed in a third. How does this example demonstrate that health is global?

A) Diseases and health concerns are inherently cross-national.
B) international humanitarian concern and the cross-border delivery of health care
C) Global governance is core to the health field.
D) Globalized markets increase the flow of goods and transportation, increasing the range and penetration of diseases.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The transfer of assistance, care, medicines, and expertise depends on the idea that people in one part of the world should care about the fate of people in another. How does this example demonstrate that health is global?

A) Diseases and health concerns are inherently cross-national.
B) international humanitarian concern and the cross-border delivery of health care
C) Global governance is core to the health field.
D) Globalized markets increase the flow of goods and transportation, increasing the range and penetration of diseases.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The WHO and the UN's SDG play a role in setting agendas, establishing rules and guidelines, creating standards, defining key concepts, monitoring diseases, and providing scientific, neutral information and disseminating it to the public. How does this example demonstrate that health is global?

A) Diseases and health concerns are inherently cross-national.
B) international humanitarian concern and the cross-border delivery of health care
C) Global governance is core to the health field.
D) Globalized markets increase the flow of goods and transportation, increasing the range and penetration of diseases.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Large pharmaceutical companies control much of the production, pricing, and distribution of lifesaving drugs; the ingredients for these goods can come from all over the world. How does this example demonstrate that health is global?

A) Diseases and health concerns are inherently cross-national.
B) international humanitarian concern and the cross-border delivery of health care
C) Global governance is core to the health field.
D) Globalized markets increase the flow of goods and transportation, increasing the range and penetration of diseases.

Question 5

Which of the following is most accurate when describing the field of global health?

A) Global health involves research and specialists in the health sciences, like physicians, nurses, and epidemiologists.
B) Global health involves research and specialists in the hard sciences, like biologists, chemists, and biostatisticians.
C) Global health involves research and specialists in the social sciences, like anthropologists, demographers, and sociologists.
D) Global health involves research and specialists across many disciplines, in which topics touch on health, culture, science, economics, and so on.

Question 6

The field of public health concerns a wide range of activities ______.

A) involving treatments and cures for health conditions and issues
B) that are community or population-based in some fashion
C) individuals and their ability to procure care
D) the promotion of health for all people around the world

Question 7

Private medicine indicates, or refers to, a wide range of activities ______.

A) involving treatments and cures for health conditions and issues
B) that are community or population-based in some fashion
C) individuals and their ability to procure care
D) the promotion of health for all people around the world

Question 8

Which of the following best defines global health?

A) an area of study, research, and practice that places priority on improving health and achieving equity for all people worldwide
B) a collaborative transnational research and action for promoting health for all
C) an interdisciplinary, collaborative synthesis of population-based disease prevention with individual-level clinical care
D) There is no single agreed-upon definition, although most share the theme of collaborative transnational processes related to diseases, care, and research.

Question 9

When global health specialists are faced with the consequences of armed conflicts and civil wars, they often refer to these situations in terms of ______.

A) global health security
B) complex emergencies
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) biological threats

Question 10

When global health specialists are faced with the prospects of highly communicable and dangerous diseases like Ebola and SARS and must develop plans for prevention and treatment of outbreaks, they often refer to these situations in terms of ______.

A) global health security
B) complex emergencies
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) biological threats

Question 11

The notion of a weaponized disease or infection prompts global health specialists to consider these situations in terms of ______.

A) global health security
B) complex emergencies
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) biological threats

Question 12

When global health specialists are concerned with improving health outcomes and providing care and resources to those lacking them, they often refer to these initiatives in terms of ______.

A) global health security
B) complex emergencies
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) biological threats

Question 13

A cornerstone of the humanitarian biomedicine approach, access to essential, nonspecialized care is referred to in terms of ______.

A) public health care
B) primary health care
C) global health care
D) private health care

Question 14

The broad conception of the relationships between education, local disease control, expanded immunization, maternal and child health, essential drugs, nutrition and food supply, treatment of disease and injury, sanitation and safe water supply is referred to as ______.

A) ELEMENTS
B) PEPFAR
C) the Alma Ata Declaration
D) humanitarian biomedicine

Question 15

Of the following, the work of international NGOs to provide clean water or basic health-care access through clinics is a best example of ______.

A) primary health care
B) horizontal intervention
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) vertical intervention

Question 16

Of the following, the work of international NGOs to provide and administer polio vaccinations in developing countries is a best example of ______.

A) primary health care
B) horizontal intervention
C) humanitarian biomedicine
D) vertical intervention

Question 17

Global health data reveal that in general, there has been a gradual increase over time in ______.

A) life expectancy
B) child and maternal mortality
C) global inequity
D) global equity

Question 18

Although there remains a great deal of disparity between the Global North and South, global health data reveal that, in general, there has been a gradual reduction over time in ______.

A) life expectancy
B) child and maternal mortality
C) global inequality
D) global equity

Question 19

Illnesses that are preventable and curable, which afflict many people around the world, are generally referred to as ______.

A) infectious diseases
B) communicable diseases
C) chronic diseases
D) contagious diseases

Question 20

Illnesses that--in some cases--are not preventable or--in some cases--are not curable are generally referred to as ______.

A) infectious diseases
B) communicable diseases
C) chronic diseases
D) contagious diseases

Question 21

Which of the following statements is more accurate?

A) The more that people can access health professionals, the better their health outcomes are likely to be.
B) Access to primary care has not increased substantially among least developed countries.
C) The disparity in health-care access between rich and poor countries is decreasing.
D) The global average of physicians available per 1,000 people has increased dramatically over the last 20 years.

Question 22

The principal organization that monitors the HIV and AIDS pandemic around the world is known as ______.

A) UNAIDS
B) WHO
C) USAID
D) UNDP

Question 23

A surprising challenge to the spread of access to antiretroviral drugs in the 1990s was that ______.

A) pharmaceutical companies did not make the drugs available for export
B) some states refused to acknowledge the existence of an HIV and AIDS epidemic in their borders
C) it was too dangerous for care providers to travel to disease epicenters
D) strains of HIV mutated more quickly than antiretroviral treatments could be deployed

Question 24

The major global force that has allowed antiretroviral treatments to become more affordable to those affected by HIV and AIDS is ______.

A) global governance
B) global markets
C) information and communications technology
D) shifting centers of power

Question 25

An increase in health assistance resources and their accessibility to millions around the world is an example of the influence of the impact of ______.

A) global governance
B) global markets
C) information and communications technology
D) shifting centers of power

Question 26

The United States' game-changing international assistance program for HIV and AIDS relief was initiated under which presidential administration?

A) Barack Obama
B) George W. Bush
C) Bill Clinton
D) George H. W. Bush

Question 27

In recent years, funding for the HIV and AIDS crisis has leveled off in favor of increases in more ______ initiatives, such as increasing access to primary health care.

A) horizontal
B) vertical
C) humanitarian
D) localized

Question 28

Trends in the sources of funding for HIV and AIDS responses indicate the impact of ______ on the crises.

A) global governance
B) global markets
C) information and communications technology
D) shifting centers of power

Question 29

By 2020, the international community hopes to meet goals about those afflicted by HIV and AIDS such that the vast majority will know their status, will have access to antiretroviral therapy, and will be effectively treated. This goal, based on the percentages of the population with HIV and AIDS, is commonly known as ______.

A) "80-80-80"
B) "90-90-90"
C) "95-95-95"
D) "99-99-99"

Question 30

The evolution of the global response to the HIV and AIDS pandemic represents a good example of how ______.

A) horizontal interventions are more effective than vertical interventions
B) vertical interventions are more effective than horizontal interventions
C) horizontal and vertical interventions rival one another in terms of priorities
D) vertical interventions can lead to complementary horizontal interventions

Question 31

International efforts to improve the quality and access to breast milk substitutes, which has contributed to the decline in child mortality rates, demonstrate one of the ways in which the global health field intersects with issues involving ______.

A) civil society
B) culture
C) the environment
D) civil war and conflict

Question 32

A wide variety of factors produce and diffuse information or misinformation, shape bias, develop and support health-promoting or -degrading environments, and provide normative pressures that can affect the promotion and provision of health care. This demonstrates one of the ways in which the global health field intersects with issues involving ______.

A) civil society
B) culture
C) the environment
D) civil war and conflict

Question 33

Work between NGOs and governments in LDCs to ensure the availability of clean, untainted water demonstrates one of the ways in which the global health field intersects with issues involving ______.

A) civil society
B) culture
C) the environment
D) civil war and conflict

Question 34

IDPs in the newly created Republic of South Sudan face higher risks of illness, malnutrition, and sexual violence, with diminished access to health care. This demonstrates one of the ways in which the global health field intersects with issues involving ______.

A) civil society
B) culture
C) the environment
D) civil war and conflict

Question 35

Global health leaders have proposed a new "biosocial" approach to address contemporary issues in the field. This approach can best be described as one that ______.

A) recognizes how health outcomes are embedded in societies, cultures, governments, and economies
B) examines the biological makeup of vulnerable groups in societies affected by health issues
C) aims to explain social behaviors in terms of evolution through the lens of health and related practices
D) addresses global health issues in cooperation with the resources and knowledge of biological societies and associations around the world

Question 36

The notions of public and global health are essentially synonymous.

Question 37

The field of global health includes the condition of the environment and access to basic needs.

Question 38

The field of global health involves issues like climate change, cultural differences, and government capacity.

Question 39

One of the differences between global health security and humanitarian biomedicine approaches in the field of global health lies in the distinction between prevention and treatment versus provision and treatment.

Question 40

Global health in an international studies context focuses primarily on a humanitarian biomedicine approach.

Question 41

In global health, primary health care refers to (but is not limited to) issues such as education, sanitation, and community resources.

Question 42

One of the greatest benefits of global health promotions and interventions is that there are hardly any negative impacts.

Question 43

Measurements of the state of global health outcomes reveal systematic equalities around the world.

Question 44

The majority of young people living with HIV in the epicenter of the pandemic are young men and boys.

Question 45

What began as an issue best tackled under the humanitarian biomedicine approach, the HIV and AIDS pandemic has gradually evolved into a global health security issue.

Question 46

How is global health a local versus a global concern? Explain how a global approach to a real-world global health crisis of your choice has transformed the dynamics of this crisis. Relate your discussion to the global interactions, forces, and tensions highlighted in the field of international studies.

Question 47

In what ways do major global forces such as governance, markets, ICT, and shifting centers of power affect the field of global health? How will--or might--these relationships develop in the future?

Question 48

Discuss the nature of global interactions that shapes global health outcomes, and how these interactions have changed over the last 10, 15, or even 50 years. Use real-world examples of challenges that the international community has faced.

Question 49

Describe trends in global health over the last few decades. How has global health changed? In what ways have there been improvements, and in what areas is there need for improvement? Present some possible solutions.

Question 50

The HIV and AIDS pandemic has undergone dramatic changes from its inception to the present day. Consider some of the improvements that have been made since the beginning of the pandemic, and make a proposal for where you see the most improvements could be made in the future.