Deck 10: Civil Wars and Terrorism: New Global Security Challenges and Efforts to Manage Them

Question 1

Terrorism is ______.

A) the use of threat of violence against governments to sow fear and effect political change
B) the use of threat of violence against civilians to sow fear and effect political change
C) the use of threat of violence by criminals to sow fear and effect political change
D) the use of threat of violence by extremists to sow fear and effect political change

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The goal of the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) would eventually result in the creation of Africa's newest republic, South Sudan. This war was one of ______.

A) secession
B) irredentism
C) government takeover
D) revolution

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the context of civil wars, violence refers to ______.

A) battle deaths
B) rate of destruction
C) harm against noncombatants
D) number of casualties

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To be considered a civil war, a given conflict must involve "active fighting." How is this generally measured?

A) battle deaths
B) rate of destruction
C) harm against noncombatants
D) number of casualties

Question 5

The ongoing conflict between the state and non-state actors in Mexico is technically not considered a civil war because of ______.

A) the low number of battle deaths
B) the prevalence of criminal violence
C) the low rate of violence
D) the cross-border nature of the conflict

Question 6

The activities of ISIS present a strong example of ______.

A) civil war
B) terrorism
C) organized crime
D) a blurring of objectives

Question 7

Blood diamonds and arms deals are evidence that civil wars ______.

A) are connected to illegal activities
B) spill across borders
C) are fought by people who aren't professional soldiers
D) affect civilians most

Question 8

The international response to the Syrian Civil War is evidence that civil wars ______.

A) are connected to illegal activities
B) spill across borders
C) are fought by people who aren't professional soldiers
D) affect civilians most

Question 9

The prevalence of child soldiers who have participated in conflicts in Sierra Leone, Uganda, and elsewhere is evidence that civil wars ______.

A) are connected to illegal activities
B) spill across borders
C) are fought by people who aren't professional soldiers
D) affect civilians most

Question 10

The growing number of refugees from the conflicts in Syria and elsewhere in the Middle East and Africa is evidence that civil wars ______.

A) are connected to illegal activities
B) spill across borders
C) are fought by people who aren't professional soldiers
D) affect civilians most

Question 11

As a consequence of civil war, citizens' efforts and priorities often turn to immediate concerns such as safety and survival rather than economic productivity and growth. This is an example of ______.

A) human costs
B) economic costs
C) national costs
D) international costs

Question 12

As a consequence of civil war, poor countries in particular may suffer greater negative effects on their economic development than those with peaceful circumstances because citizens' priorities were not focused on wealth creation and growth. This is an example of ______.

A) human costs
B) economic costs
C) national costs
D) international costs

Question 13

As a consequence of civil war, conflict, the path to peace, and its maintenance can often involve neighboring countries and the need for outside aid and support. This is an example of ______.

A) human costs
B) economic costs
C) national costs
D) international costs

Question 14

The difference between peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts is that the latter involve ______.

A) efforts to rebuild states and societies to prevent future war
B) efforts to monitor and guarantee ceasefire or peace agreements
C) the training of armies and police forces and other state-building efforts
D) personnel and financial contributions to support rebuilding efforts

Question 15

The social identity crises and ethnic tensions that led to the conflicts in the Balkans and Rwanda in the 1990s could be most closely associated with which theoretical cause of civil wars?

A) absolute deprivation
B) relative deprivation
C) horizontal inequality
D) vertical inequality

Question 16

A prominent theory outlining the causes of civil war points to the notion that these conflicts begin individuals believe they could--should--be better off than they are to begin with. This is known as ______.

A) absolute deprivation
B) relative deprivation
C) horizontal inequality
D) vertical inequality

Question 17

The sale of blood diamonds and other conflict minerals to fuel civil war to financiers beyond the scope of the war is an example of which type of interaction?

A) inside-out
B) outside-in
C) top-down
D) bottom-up

Question 18

The rise of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan or ISIS in Syria and the regional and global responses are examples of which type of interaction?

A) inside-out
B) outside-in
C) top-down
D) bottom-up

Question 19

International organizations like the UN mobilizing to manage security threats and conflict recurrence in various countries around the world is tantamount to ______.

A) peacekeeping
B) peacebuilding
C) global governance
D) conflict management

Question 20

Terrorism has recently become one of the most dominant security challenges because of ______.

A) the use of suicide bombings as a prevalent tactic
B) the national orientation of many organizations
C) the goals to liberate territory or push for political change
D) the local and global orientation of many organizations

Question 21

If terrorism is conceptualized as a tactic, this means it is studied based on the ______.

A) methods set by an organization
B) structure and composition of similar organizations
C) goals of the organization
D) logic underlining the message of the organization

Question 22

If terrorism is conceptualized according to a broader situation or operation, this means it is studied based on the ______.

A) methods set by an organization
B) structure and composition of similar organizations
C) goals of the organization
D) logic underlining the message of the organization

Question 23

Of the following, which organization is primarily focused on the goal of national liberation?

A) Boko Haram
B) ISIS
C) Tamil Tigers
D) Al-Shabaab

Question 24

If terrorist organizations are conceptualized as insurgents or guerilla fighters, this means it is studied based on the ______.

A) methods set by an organization
B) structure and composition of similar organizations
C) goals of the organization
D) logic underlining the message of the organization

Question 25

Which of the following organizations is considered Salafist?

A) Hezbollah
B) Hamas
C) Tamil Tigers
D) Boko Haram

Question 26

Radicalization into modern terrorist groups is understood to be a short- or long-term three-step process involving ______.

A) humiliation, victimization, integration
B) justification, victimization, empowerment
C) humiliation, victimization, group connection
D) victimization, justification, empowerment

Question 27

That some organizations like Al Qaeda and ISIS wish to alter the global order speaks to the complex theme of ______.

A) interactions
B) information and communications technology
C) global markets
D) global governance

Question 28

Which of the following forces plays a role in the centrality of control of natural resources and the ability to move revenue across borders easily?

A) interactions
B) information and communications technology
C) global markets
D) global governance

Question 29

The use of the Arab-language network Al Jazeera by Osama Bin Laden to spread his message internationally provides evidence for the importance of ______ to contemporary terrorist operations.

A) interactions
B) information and communications technology
C) global markets
D) global governance

Question 30

State initiatives to coordinate actions designed to win the hearts and minds of the civilian populations refer to the strategy of ______.

A) counterinsurgency
B) counterterrorism
C) counterrevolution
D) counterreformation

Question 31

State initiatives to coordinate actions to anticipate or contain violence, often in the same vein as a police operation and fostering relationships with civilians, refer to the strategy of ______.

A) counterinsurgency
B) counterterrorism
C) counterrevolution
D) counterreformation

Question 32

The need for states to work together to counter the increasingly internationalized networks of terrorist operations and organizations speaks to the significance of ______.

A) interactions
B) information and communications technology
C) global markets
D) global governance

Question 33

Computer-based forms of disruption with a strategic purpose in mind are often referred to as ______.

A) cyberhacking
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberwarfare
D) cybercrime

Question 34

Computer-based forms of disruption oriented toward sowing fear and disorder are often referred to as ______.

A) cyberhacking
B) cyberterrorism
C) cyberwarfare
D) cybercrime

Question 35

The onset of computer-based attacks tied to countries like Russia and North Korea has raised increasing concern over ______.

A) cyberwarfare
B) state-sponsored warfare
C) cyberterrorism
D) state-sponsored terrorism

Question 36

Civil wars uniquely involve intrastate conflicts between a recognized government and one or more rebel groups looking to oust the government.

Question 37

Civil wars can include conflicts involving criminal violence used to support illicit activities.

Question 38

Civil wars are by definition contained within states' borders.

Question 39

Peacekeeping is nowadays concerned with monitoring borders and ceasefires.

Question 40

The countries making the largest manpower contributions to UNPKO are also relatively among the poorest.

Question 41

Despite various proposed understandings, there has yet to be global agreement on a definition of what terrorism is and what it is not.

Question 42

Modern terrorists are nearly all Salafists.

Question 43

Al Qaeda, the preeminent terrorist organization of the 2000s, was centralized and concentrated in Afghanistan.

Question 44

Although the central goal of the war on terror has been to combat terrorist organizations directly via national armed forces, one consequence has instead seen the increased stature and reputation of these organizations.

Question 45

Cyberattacks refer specifically to the theft of data and sensitive information on the Internet from government agencies.

Question 46

Civil wars have become a preeminent form of warfare and overt conflict around the world since the end of the Cold War. What are the causes of civil war, and how, if at all, have these changed over time? Frame your discussion in the context of the global forces highlighted in international studies.

Question 47

Civil wars leave a lasting impact. What are the consequences, and what are countries and the international community doing to address these issues? Which solution(s) provide the most effective or positive outlook? Relate your argument to evidence from real-world events.

Question 48

Discuss the global forces that affect--and are affected by--the growing threat of terrorism. How do terrorism and terrorist organizations shape these forces? Frame your discussion in the context of the causes and consequences of terrorism.

Question 49

There are many responses to terrorism and terrorist organizations. Using real-world examples, discuss the roles of state and international actors, and provide an argument as to which solution(s) are most effective.

Question 50

Consider the scope of civil war and terrorism in the 21st century, compared to the legacy from the 20th century. What does this look like, and how have these global challenges evolved over time? What are some of the needs or solutions that must be addressed in order to overcome these challenges?