Deck 4: Civil Society: Agents of Change in Global Interactions

Question 1

In the case of Cecil the Lion, what type of group pushed for changes in policy and legislation concerning big game hunting and animal trafficking?

A) civic society groups
B) special interest groups
C) civil society groups
D) global interest groups

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Civil society can best be defined as ______.

A) voluntary associations, operating at local, national or regional levels, organized in pursuit of shared interests, but not seeking profit or public office
B) actors working to influence global society
C) collective action for social change involving very loosely organized individuals, networks, and NGOs
D) voluntary association of people outside of families, firms (companies), and states (governments)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A key difference between civil society and global civil society is that ______.

A) civil society actors focus on domestic issues
B) global civil society activity is only directed at global issues and global centers of power
C) civil society actors focus on global issues
D) global civil society activity is only directed at domestic issues with global centers of power

Answer 3

A

Question 4

People often talk about civil society as a training ground for democratization of whole societies because ______.

A) when people interact with one another in nonpolitical settings, they start to trust other people and to think of them as sharing common interests
B) when people interact with one another in political settings, they start to distrust other people and to think of them as not sharing common interests
C) when people interact with one another in nonpolitical setting, they begin to understand the traits of natural-born leaders and this informs their election decisions
D) when people interact with one another in political settings, they only interact with people who share the same partisan ideology

Question 5

That the global civil society can make the existing world order of powerful states and multinationals more representative and accountable to the global population is an example of which perspective?

A) constructivist
B) Tocquevillian
C) Gramscian
D) liberalism

Question 6

The power-based belief that "a political arena where associations of citizens seek, from outside political parties, to shape societal rules" best defines civil societies is based on which school of thought?

A) Gramscian
B) Hobbesian
C) Tocquevillian
D) Lockean

Question 7

While Tocqueville saw civil society as a free arena, Gramsci saw it as all about ______.

A) legitimate use of violence
B) money
C) equality
D) power

Question 8

Voluntary associations, operating at local, national, or regional levels, organized in pursuit of shared interests, but not seeking profit or public office are referred to as ______.

A) nongovernmental organizations
B) social movements
C) civil societies
D) intergovernmental organizations

Question 9

Although the National Democratic Institute, which is an independent, nonprofit organization of people committed to strengthening democracies around the world, receives nearly all of its funding from the U.S. State Department or U.S. Congress, it is still considered a(n) ______ because of its mission and pursuit of shared interests abroad.

A) nongovernmental organization
B) social movement
C) international nongovernmental organization
D) intergovernmental organization

Question 10

White Ribbon is an organization focused on promoting the prevention of violence against women in Australia by engaging men to make women's safety a man's issue too. White Ribbon's vision is for a nation that respects women, and in which every woman can live in safety, free from all forms of men's abuse. This organization is an example of a(n) ______.

A) nongovernmental organization
B) social movement
C) international nongovernmental organization
D) inter-governmental organization

Question 11

Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) are different from international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) in that ______.

A) TANs are networks of people, but not an organization like INGOs
B) TANs are based off of social movements, while INGOs receive government support
C) INGOs are networks of people, but not an organization like TANs
D) INGOs are based off of governmental organizations, while TANs are connected to social movements

Question 12

Several prominent NGOs, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation or the Robert Bosch Foundation in Germany, can also be considered to be ______.

A) transnational advocacy networks
B) social movements
C) international governmental organizations
D) intergovernmental organizations

Question 13

Social movements differ from interest groups, which ______.

A) tend to be larger
B) tend to be smaller
C) tend to be more politically connected
D) tend to have more political clout

Question 14

While social movements are autonomous from states, they are typically political ______.

A) because they involve the pursuit of economic goals that occurs outside of formal politics
B) because they involve the pursuit of economic goals that occurs inside of formal politics
C) because they involve the pursuit of political goals that occurs outside of formal politics
D) because they involve the pursuit of political goals that occurs inside of formal politics

Question 15

Global civil society is not new; in fact, in the ______ civil societies to end slavery were formed in the United States.

A) early 1700s
B) late 1700s
C) early 1800s
D) mid-1800s

Question 16

The philosophical understanding of global civil societies dates back to intellectuals like ______ and ______ in the 18th century.

A) Immanuel Kant and Emmerich de Vattel
B) Immanuel Kant and Alexis de Tocqueville
C) Emmerich de Vattel and Alexis de Tocqueville
D) Alexis de Tocqueville and Antonio Gramsci

Question 17

The difference between the initial conception of global civil societies back in the 18th century and its conception today is that, while the idea that global civil society is a place of civility remains, ______.

A) today people also see civil society as a conglomeration of social movements
B) today people also see global civil society as a site of economic justice
C) today people also see global civil society as a site of political activism
D) today people also see global civil society as a means of political revolution

Question 18

Global civil society has strengthened over the years, with IGO engagement with INGOs developing over the course of ______ waves.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 19

World Bank-funded projects involving civil society participation increasing from 21% in 1990 to 72% in 2006 were the result of which campaign aimed at shaming the IMF and World Bank into opening up to civil society?

A) 50 Years is Enough
B) Development Group for Alternative Policies
C) Network for Global Economic Justice
D) Anti-Capitalist Convergence

Question 20

Which theory holds IGO-NGO engagement as a kind of public relations exercise, in which under-fire IGOs make themselves more valid by opening to NGO input?

A) legitimacy
B) norms
C) functionalism
D) globalism

Question 21

Which theory holds that there is a custom of openness and participation in global governance, and that any IGO that wishes to be seen as modern will open up to at least some NGO input?

A) legitimacy
B) norms
C) functionalism
D) globalism

Question 22

Which theory holds that IGOs engage NGOs because it "lowers the costs" for the IGOs, while the NGOs themselves benefit from the access?

A) legitimacy
B) norms
C) functionalism
D) globalism

Question 23

Which theory holds that NGOs matter little in power politics and that IGOs will only engage with like-minded NGOs, which ultimately does nothing to change outcomes?

A) legitimacy
B) norms
C) functionalism
D) globalism

Question 24

Individuals or groups that advance a principled standard of behavior for states and other actors are known as ______.

A) norm influencers
B) norm entrepreneurs
C) social influencers
D) civil entrepreneurs

Question 25

Data produced by IGOs are often seen as "neutral" because ______.

A) they are not disseminated in search of wealth or political office
B) they are made publicly available through open-source access
C) they are gathered using transparent means of collection
D) they are used for nonpolitical means, such as measuring development goals

Question 26

The photo of Alan Kurdi, a Syrian child whose body washed up on a Turkish beach in 2015 after his family tried to flee Syria, went viral and changed the discourse of the refugee crisis in Europe. This is an example of ______ politics.

A) information
B) symbolic
C) leverage
D) accountability

Question 27

The collective action theory that creates a framework for how an advocacy movement travels from one country to another through different actors--known as the boomerang model--is an example of ______ politics.

A) information
B) symbolic
C) leverage
D) accountability

Question 28

Research by Murdie and Davis found that when international human rights organizations name and shame governments, it does indeed influence human rights practices under certain conditions. This is an example of ______.

A) information
B) symbolic
C) leverage
D) accountability

Question 29

The fact that Belgium has about 3,500 headquartered INGOs per 100,000 inhabitants, compared to 4 in India, is evidence of which criticism of global civil society?

A) global civil society is not representative
B) global civil society is not accountable
C) global civil society is not transparent
D) global civil society is not intentional

Question 30

Despite their name, global civil societies are not at all mass based. Some may span many countries, but they are often led informally by a small number of professional INGOs, and those INGOs in turn are managed by a small number of people. This is evidence of which criticism of global civil society?

A) global civil society is not representative
B) global civil society is not accountable
C) global civil society is not transparent
D) global civil society is not intentional

Question 31

The argument that "How can we ensure the NGO knows the needs of the communities it serves and acts in their best interest?" relates to which criticism of global civil societies?

A) global civil society is not representative
B) global civil society is not accountable
C) global civil society is not transparent
D) global civil society is not intentional

Question 32

NGOs are private organizations and, therefore, are under no obligation to release financial records. This means members cannot trace what activity is being funded. This is an example of which criticism of global civil societies?

A) global civil society is not representative
B) global civil society is not accountable
C) global civil society is not transparent
D) global civil society is not intentional

Question 33

The Oxfam scandal, which broke in 2018 and alleged that staff hired underage sex workers while in Haiti, is evidence of which criticism?

A) global civil society is not representative
B) global civil society is not accountable
C) global civil society is not transparent
D) global civil society is not intentional

Question 34

In response to reports of illegal hunting and poaching, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on July 30, 2015 against trafficking in wildlife, with officials specifically citing Harambe's killing as evidence.

Question 35

Civil societies include only political organizations.

Question 36

In his book, Democracy in America, Gramsci claimed that "Americans of all ages," he said, "all stations of life and all types of disposition are forever forming associations."

Question 37

Critics of Gramscian thought say global civil society helps the status quo by depoliticizing issues.

Question 38

The two main ways INGOs are born are as out-growths from national-level activities and as globally oriented from the outset.

Question 39

Strikes are not considered social movements unto themselves. Social movements must take place when citizens are organized over time.

Question 40

In the mid-1800s, groups dedicated to finding peaceful means to resolve international disputes sprung up around Europe, with 425 by 1900.

Question 41

IGO engagement with INGOs developed over the course of four waves.

Question 42

Sometimes a government or IGO will ask civil society actors to gather data.

Question 43

While many of Amnesty International's urgent actions are targeted at countries known for human rights abuses, such as Sudan and China, the plurality actually concerns abuses in the United States.

Question 44

Using the three theories outlined in the text, explain why states and IGOs have opened up to NGOs.

Question 45

Discuss the prominent criticisms of global civil society, as outlined in your textbook.

Question 46

How do transnational advocacy networks, social movements, and global civil societies differ from one another? Use examples from the text to illustrate your points.

Question 47

Using the four types of politics outlined in your textbook, explain how civil society has an impact on global politics.

Question 48

How are the Tocquevillian and Gramscian theories of civil society different from one another? How are they similar?