Deck 11: The Surveillance Society

Question 1

Who developed the concept of the Panopticon?

A) Marshall McLuhan
B) Michel Foucault
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Anthony Giddens

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What was the name of the supranational intelligence gathering organization consisting of an intelligence alliance between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United Stats, that operated outside of national regulatory frameworks?

A) SIGINT
B) Security Five
C) Five Eyes
D) Five Alliances

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Who leaked highly confidential information on the surveillance practices of the United States government to the media, embarrassing the CIA?

A) Snowden
B) Glover
C) Simpson
D) Zureik

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Lyon and Zureik (1996) outlined three main perspectives that influence our understanding of surveillance. What are they?

A) Capitalism, irrationality, and discipline
B) Panopticon, rationalization, and networked capabilities
C) Fear of terrorism, irrationality, and power
D) Capitalism, rationalization, and power

Question 5

Which of the following is the best example of analysis of surveillance based on political economic theory?

A) Political practices are the primary motivators for surveillance practices.
B) Political and economic factors are the primary motivators for surveillance practices.
C) Economic factors are the primary motivators for surveillance practices.
D) Socio-political factors are the primary motivators for surveillance practices.

Question 6

Who originally developed the concepts of rationalization and bureaucratization?

A) Weber
B) Marx
C) Durkheim
D) Giddens

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true with regards to the study of technology and the new surveillance?

A) The cultural approach argues that societies require some element of security and safety in order to operate effectively.
B) The revolutionary approach argues that technological developments have transformed the nature of surveillance and threatened basic privacy rights.
C) The functional approach argues that social and cultural factors moderate how information technology impacts surveillance.
D) The continuous approach argues that the transformations in surveillance are only of degree, not of kind.

Question 8

___________ range from single individuals to loosely linked networks of people who gather around a target or idea to tightly organized groups.

A) Hacktivist groups
B) WikiLeaks
C) The NSA
D) Institutional privacy

Question 9

In the study by Quan-Haase and Elueze, what privacy protection strategy did older adults in East York, Toronto who had limited knowledge of social media report employing to actively counter potential privacy threats?

A) Adding only close friends to social media
B) Using pseudonyms
C) Using privacy settings
D) Using only secure social media sites

Question 10

What is the term for the idea that control over people can be achieved simply through surveillance?

A) Hierarchical observation
B) Examination
C) Internalization
D) The spotlight effect

Question 11

When someone chooses not to shoplift because they are unsure whether there is a camera watching them, it is an example of which process of control?

A) Internalized discipline
B) Automatization of power
C) Discovery threat
D) Normative behaviour

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of the new surveillance?

A) Keystroke monitoring by employers
B) Hidden cameras in banks or stores
C) Logging onto Facebook
D) Wiretapping

Question 13

The case that showed how legal frameworks can make data practices more visible was:

A) Austria vs. Amazon
B) Europe vs. Facebook
C) Canada vs. Netflix
D) Australia vs. Spotify

Question 14

What did a 2004 study of privacy perceptions by Viseu, Clement, and Aspinall find?

A) For most Internet users, online privacy is always a concern, as they think privacy violation affects them directly.
B) For most Internet users, online privacy is always a concern, as they think privacy violation could happen soon.
C) For most Internet users, online privacy is not a concern, as they do not think privacy violation will affect them directly.
D) For most Internet users, online privacy is not a concern, as they think privacy violations are prevented by the government.

Question 15

What important distinction does literature on digital surveillance make?

A) Between past and present privacy threats
B) Between immediate and future privacy threats
C) Between localized and global privacy threats
D) Between reoccurring and episodic privacy threats

Question 16

Safe harbour was ended by the European Court of Justice? What practice describes safe harbour best?

A) A practice where data from European citizens was collected and analyzed for the purpose of surveillance
B) A practice where data from European citizens was transferred to North America
C) A practice where data from European citizens was sold by Facebook to third parties
D) A practice where data from European citizens was used for targeted advertisement

Question 17

What is the name of the decentralized hacktivist group that does not follow directives but instead operates on ideas?

A) Anonymous
B) WikiLeaks
C) Makerspace
D) CopWatch

Question 18

What do Singer and Friedman describe as possibly ranging from single individuals, to loosely linked networks of people who gather around a target or idea, to tightly organized groups?

A) Activist groups
B) Innovation groups
C) Hacktivist groups
D) Hacker groups

Question 19

There is an increasing trend of surveillance of everyone and by everyone on social media. What does Tufekci call this phenomenon?

A) Close circle surveillance
B) Peer monitoring
C) Circular surveillance
D) Social circle monitoring

Question 20

What is the term for a form of counter-surveillance that empowers those subjected to institutional, state, and corporate surveillance practices?

A) Reverse surveillance
B) Surveillance of the weak
C) Surveillance tactics
D) Sousveillance

Question 21

The term surveillance originates in the French language and means "fly over."

Question 22

The National Security Agency (NSA) considers Edward Snowden to be a security threat for leaking top secret information to the media.

Question 23

Foucault introduced the notion of the iron cage that has two sides: one positive and one negative.

Question 24

Safe harbour is a practice where data from European citizens was transferred to North America.

Question 25

Gary T. Marx identifies three distinct views to describe the changes in surveillance practice that result from the information revolution: functional, revolutionary, and cultural.

Question 26

From a revolutionary perspective on surveillance, it could be argued that Facebook users voluntarily grant third-party access to their personal information by not changing or fully understanding their privacy settings.

Question 27

An open cubicle is an example of embedding monitoring practices into the workplace.

Question 28

"The right to be erased" is a law that allows citizens to request personal information to be removed from a search engine's result page.

Question 29

Institutional privacy is the threat of one's information being mined and used by governments or corporations.

Question 30

What are the three main perspectives that Lyon and Zureik (1996) identified that influence our current understanding of surveillance?

Question 31

What is the Panopticon? How does it relate to the study of surveillance in a digital age?

Question 32

What privacy protection strategies did older adults living in East York, Toronto utilize to protect against privacy threats as outlined in the study by Quan-Haase and Elueze (2018)?

Question 33

What is meant by the term inquiry-in-performance in surveillance studies?

Question 34

What are some ways parents make use of technology in their parenting strategies that are discussed in the chapter?

Question 35

Gary T. Marx discusses the cultural view of surveillance. To what extent is this approach an appropriate way of understanding how surveillance occurs in social networking sites such as Facebook. Define the cultural view of surveillance first and then show its applicability to social networking sites.

Question 36

Edward Snowden, a former contractor for the NSA, leaked many classified files to the media, exposing massive surveillance practices by the United States government. Do average citizens have a right to know about all of the government's surveillance practices? Why or why not?