Deck 1: History and Basic Concepts

Question 1

Which of these terms refers to the "generation of form?"

A) Developmental biology
B) Embryogenesis
C) Morphogenesis
D) Embryology

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these is true of meiosis?

A) Germ cells are formed through this process.
B) A zygote is formed through this process.
C) This process is carried out during cleavage stage.
D) Daughter somatic cells are formed containing the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the key hypothesis of a mosaic model for developmental fate regulation?

A) Normal development occurs even if cells are removed.
B) Zygotic proteins and RNAs are equally distributed to daughter cells
C) Patterns of cell division control embryonic cell fate.
D) Cells within an early embryo communicate with each other.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The influence of one cell over another neighbouring cell's development is called.

A) Interaction
B) Communication
C) Organization
D) Induction

Question 5

Which of the options given is not true of the Spemann-Mangold organizer experiment?

A) The transplanted tissue is the dorsal lip of the blastopore.
B) A secondary body axis developed, containing neural tube and somites.
C) The transplanted tissue resides near the region where gastrulation begins.
D) Every induced tissue was pigmented.

Question 6

Which developmental process establishes a coordinate system whereby cells "know" their location within an embryo?

A) Morphogenesis
B) Cell differentiation
C) Pattern formation
D) Growth

Question 7

Pancreatic and muscle cells are specialized to perform distinct functions but contain the exact same set of genetic instructions. Which of the options given does not represent a mechanism to accomplish this?

A) Differentiated cells lose genes that are unrelated to their function.
B) Differentiated cells contain distinct gene-regulatory proteins
C) Differentiated cells use distinct gene control regions.
D) Differentiated cells undergo specific types of post-translational protein modification.

Question 8

What do we call a group of cells that differentiates according to its normal fate after it has been isolated from the embryo and cultured in a neutral environment?

A) Determined
B) Chimeric
C) Specified
D) Competent

Question 9

Which of the options given is not true of the French flag mechanism of pattern formation?

A) Differing concentrations of a teratogen provide positional values.
B) Cells develop according to threshold concentrations of a molecule.
C) Experiments using amphibian and insect limbs were among the first to lend support to this model.
D) The model gets its name from the three colors of the French flag (blue, white, red).

Question 10

A human zygote, which has the potential to give rise to a complete new human, is often described as what type of cell?

A) Unipotent
B) Multipotent
C) Totipotent
D) Pluripotent