Deck 5: Individual and Cultural Differences

Question 1

Type A people typically get a lot of work done during the day, buthave a greater chance to experience a heart attack.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Men and women are prone to different stress-related health vulnerabilities. For instance, __________ suffer more from autoimmune illnesses while __________ are more prone to commit suicide.

A)women, men
B)men, women
C)women, both
D)both, men

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Gender roles affect the nature of stress. If you are a man, you are more likely to experience the following:

A)fear of relationships being devoid of emotional intimacy
B)concerns about being physically unattractive
C)fear of becoming victimized
D)worries about job security and career achievement

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An umbrella term to describe a group of people with shared values, characteristics, and interests is called this:

A)race
B)ethnicity
C)culture
D)clan
E)posse

Question 5

Which one is not considered an example of a cultural group?

A)race
B)gender
C)ethnicity
D)geography
E)all of the above

Question 6

You should not do the following if you want to be supportive when having a conversation with someone from a different culture.

A)Listen sensitively and respectively.
B)Make quick judgments about another culture.
C)Monitor your biases and assumptions about this person.
D)Ask the person to teach you what you need to know.

Question 7

Poverty is not associated with which of the following situations?

A)greater exposure to violence and hostility
B)unemployment and underemployment
C)higher income and happiness
D)feelings of oppression

Question 8

Which of the following is true about somatization of stress?

A)It describes expression of stress in the form of multiple complaints of physical symptoms.
B)It is more common in cultures in which direct expression is not considered appropriate.
C)It describes unwanted psychological changes in the body.
D)All of the above statements are true.

Question 9

Stress that results from the cultural and psychological changes of continuous contact between two or more cultural groups refers to:

A)integration stress.
B)acculturation stress.
C)bi-cultural assimilatory stress.
D)dynamical stress.
E)none of the above.

Question 10

One study by Uchida et al. (2008) shows that the influence of perceived emotional support on well-being and health was more important for students with ________backgrounds than those with __________cultural background.

A)Asian, Euro-American
B)Euro-American, Asian
C)Latino, Asian
D)Asian, Latino

Question 11

Which of the following influences an individual's reaction to a stressful situation?

A)personality
B)ethnicity
C)socioeconomic status
D)all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with low socioeconomic status according to research?

A)higher stress levels
B)increased risk for various diseases
C)shortened life expectancy
D)all of the above

Question 13

Many personality traits were examined in this chapter. First, define the terms state and trait. Second, provide a brief description of each of the personality types and how each deals with stress.

Question 14

Describe the unique interaction displayed by those in a codependent relationship. Is this a healthy relationship? Why orwhy not?

Question 15

Seligman and colleagues revised the theory of learned helplessness by using the concept of explanatory style. What is an explanatory style and how is it used to enhance the understanding of learned helplessness?

Question 16

If you believe that you may be part of a codependent relationship, what are some things that you could do to address this issue?

Question 17

There are many differences evident with regard to gender and stress. Describe these differences as they pertain to the stress response, stereotypes and roles, and stress-related disorders and coping strategies.

Question 18

When faced with threats or challenges in life, men typically react with fight-or-flight behavior. But according to Shelly Taylor, women respond differently, acting with this type of behavior.

A)hunt-and-cook
B)nurture-and-coddle
C)tend-and-befriend
D)cook-and-clean
E)yell-and-scream

Question 19

Which of the following is not a weakness of the learned helplessness model developed by Seligman when it is applied to human subjects?

A)This model is useful to understand human depression.
B)Not every dog or human surrenders to an uncontrollable stressor.
C)The model does not specify the scope and duration of the stressor.
D)None of the above statements apply.

Question 20

People with learned helplessness typically have an explanatory style that is introverted.

Question 21

Today, males and females no longer have such clearly defined and prescribed gender roles.

Question 22

Sexual orientation can be considered an example of a cultural group.

Question 23

Among many South Pacific island nations, being obese is a sign of prosperity.

Question 24

Low socioeconomic status predicts higher stress levels, increased risk for various diseases, and shortened life expectancy.

Question 25

Which of the following refers to a person's ability to read and respond sensitively to interpersonal situations, as well as manage feelings effectively?

A)social intelligence
B)emotional intelligence
C)social empathy
D)emotional empathy
E)social coherence

Question 26

Friedman and Rosenman noticed that some patients sat on the edge of their seats in the waiting room. They noticed that these people exhibited similar characteristics such as having a strong desire for recognition, being very competitive, and always seeming to be in a rush to finish tasks as quickly as possible. The researchers labeled this type of person as

A)Type A.
B)anxious neurotic.
C)self-loather.
D)codependent.
E)learned helplessness.

Question 27

Which of the following personality type is most closely associated with coronary heart disease?

A)helpless and hopeless
B)codependent
C)Type A
D)Type C
E)repressive

Question 28

Individuals identified as having a learned helplessness personality typically will have

A)an internal locus of control.
B)an external locus of control.
C)a repressed personality profile.
D)an overzealous superego.
E)none of the above.

Question 29

Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are associated with to this personality.

A)Type A
B)anxious neurotic
C)self-loather
D)codependent
E)learned helplessness

Question 30

Individuals experiencing extensive trauma or a very disturbing situation may unconsciously store the memory so that it does not affect their everyday life. This type of defense mechanism is called:

A)reaction formation.
B)sublimation.
C)repression.
D)rationalization.
E)none of the above.

Question 31

These people resort to well-tested patterns of behavior that would not bring unwanted attention toward themselves. They are planners who are organized, rule-bound, and who hate surprises. The personality that best fits this profile is:

A)Type A.
B)anxious neurotic.
C)self-loather.
D)codependent.
E)repressive.

Question 32

Enablers are part of relationships that describe this type of Personality.

A)Type A
B)anxious neurotic
C)self-loather
D)codependent
E)repressive

Question 33

What was Seligman originally studying when he discovered learned helplessness?

A)He was studying how sexual behavior is learnt in dogs.
B)He was studying how attitudes are learnt in humans.
C)He was studying on how emotional behavior is learnt in humans.
D)He was studying how emotional behavior is learnt in dogs.

Question 34

There are many differences among cultures and how they experience stress. First, describe what culture is and provide examples of some cultural groups. Second, highlight cultural differences as they pertain to types of stressors experienced, appraisal of stressors, and choice of coping strategies.