Deck 1: The Meaning of Stress

Question 1

The fight-or-flight response is a term used to describe chronicstress.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following responses will not occur during the fight-or-flight response?

A)increased blood pressure
B)increased gastric movement
C)increased heart rate
D)blood coagulation
E)sweating

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which type of stress arises from interactions with people and the society in which you live?

A)psychological stress
B)psychosocial stress
C)physical stress
D)biochemical stress
E)thermal stress

Answer 3

B

Question 4

There is a major difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Sterling and Eyer (1988) coined the term allostasis to mean that

A)there is a cost to the body in its adaptations to stressors.
B)nothing changes after the body returns to its pre-stressor state.
C)the body becomes more resilient with each stressor.
D)the body will be harmed only when the stressor is too severe.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of psychological stress?

A)hot weather heat
B)poor self-esteem
C)loss of meaning in life
D)argument with a coworker

Question 6

As described in the four-stage model of stress management and Prevention, it is critical at which stage that you have a solid background in the theory, research, and mechanisms of stress so that you can better prepare yourself for what lies ahead?

A)consequences
B)perception and evaluation
C)stress response
D)life situations/chronic stressors
E)resistance

Question 7

Which of the following is not a principle of stress prevention and management espoused in this chapter?

A)There is no magic bullet for solving all your stress problems.
B)Prevention is more effective than management.
C)Follow the current exercise fad.
D)Small changes can lead to big effects.
E)Develop a comprehensive plan for stress prevention and management.

Question 8

What does the evolution of stress concepts suggest about the nature of stress?

A)Stress involves isolated areas in your body.
B)Stress involves only changes in the endocrine systems.
C)Stress involves only the nervous system.
D)Stress involves the whole body.

Question 9

To improve her health, Janes started to take a walk in her neighborhood, which encouraged her to change her diet and then improved her relationship with her husband and children. Today she is a much healthier person than before. This example illustrates which concept of the dynamical systems theory?

A)Nonlinearity
B)Sensitivity to initial conditions
C)Mutual causality
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a clear benefit of the dynamical systems theory (DST) applied to stress management and prevention?

A)It shows that stress results from the interaction between
B)internal and external factors.
C)It proves that stress results from what damage one's thoughts can do to one's health.
D)It illustrates the power of physical exercise in improving health.
E)It shows how interpersonal relationships can be improved.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a key concept of the dynamical systems theory?

A)Mutual causality
B)Self-organization
C)Bifurcation
D)Convergence
E)Attractors

Question 12

According to your text and lecture notes, define stress.

Question 13

Stress can be classified in many different ways. What are they? Provide an example to support each classification.

Question 14

Describe four different types of stress based on their sources.

Question 15

Describe in detail the four-stage model of stress management and prevention.

Question 16

List several changes that can occur due to acute stress and several changes that can occur due to chronic stress.

Question 17

Going out on your first date with someone will usually create this type of stress:

A)eustress
B)neustress
C)distress
D)seamstress
E)none of the above

Question 18

Which change is not evident during the fight-or-flight response?

A)activation of the digestive system
B)pupil dilation
C)increased heart rate
D)muscle tension
E)adrenaline surge

Question 19

Allostasis is a term used to describe the physiological and psychological adaptation to the experience of threats or adversities.

Question 20

The fight-or-flight response was something that occurred many,many years ago when hunting for food was a necessity and warding off ferocious animals was a means of survival. Today,because of how civilized we have become, the fight-or-flight response does not exist in humans.

Question 21

Distress leads to mental and emotional dysfunction.

Question 22

Eustress stimulates the systems of the body to function at peak levels.

Question 23

One lesson from the dynamical systems theory is that small things are important in your effort to improve health.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about stress?

A)Stress is represented by a psychological and physiological response.
B)Stress produces a response that operates on cognitive,behavioral, and biological levels that, when sustained and chronic, results in significant negative health effects.
C)Stress is both a stimulus and a response.
D)Stress is a survival mechanism.
E)Stress is caused only by external factors.

Question 25

What percent of all visits to a primary care physician are because of stress-related disorders?

A)10-25%
B)35-50%
C)55-70%
D)75-90%
E)> 90%

Question 26

In order, the top three leading causes of death in North America are:

A)stroke, cancer, accidents.
B)heart disease, cancer, accidents.
C)heart disease, cancer, stroke.
D)cancer, stroke, heart disease.
E)cancer, accidents, lower respiratory diseases.

Question 27

Who was among the first to observe that emotional stress might put pregnant women at risk for miscarriages?

A)Plato
B)Hippocrates
C)Newton
D)Descartes
E)Livingston

Question 28

Which description best describes homeostasis?

A)It is a negative reaction to stress.
B)It is a balance between living cells and their surrounding environment.
C)It is a stimulus that brings on stress.
D)It is an imbalance between a perceived stressor and a response.

Question 29

Who coined the term fight-or-flight to describe what occurs initially during the response to a real or perceived threat?

A)Walter Cannon
B)Hans Selye
C)Edmond Jacobson
D)Johannes Schultz
E)none of the above

Question 30

When studying the behaviors of rats subjected to long-term stress, Selye noticed all of the following physiological changes except:

A)malfunctioning of the immune system.
B)enlargement of the heart.
C)development of ulcers.
D)enlargement of the adrenal glands.
E)changes to the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Question 31

The first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome:

A)is the alarm reaction stage.
B)produces the fight-or-flight response.
C)is a response learned over time.
D)a and b.
E)a and c.

Question 32

Which one is not a stage within the general adaptation syndrome?

A)resistance
B)exhaustion
C)hyperstress
D)alarm reaction

Question 33

Someone having a phobia of snakes may be gradually exposed to snakes by viewing a cartoon drawing of a snake, followed by a photograph of a snake, then a movie of a snake, then seeing a snake in a cage, and finally petting a snake as someone else holds it. This behavior modification technique is called:

A)contingency management.
B)biofeedback.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)transference.

Question 34

The gist of Robert Sapolsky's book, Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers is:

A)zebra stripes protect them from internal bleeding.
B)zebra run in herds and therefore feel like part of a group.
C)zebra are fast and thus run away from their problems.
D)zebra don't worry about the future.

Question 35

Describe the dynamical systems theory and its key concepts. Explain how these concepts can help shed light on the process of stress coping.