Deck 2: Philosophy and Justice

Question 1

This Greek philosopher chose to die rather than give up his beliefs and the freedom to teach them.

A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Aristophanes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This Greek philosopher said that everything has an ideal counterpart and all we see, like shadows on a cave wall, are imperfect reflections.

A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Euclid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

This kind of Aristotelian justice argues that all people should get what they deserve.

A) Progressive
B) Liberal
C) Distributive
D) Rectificatory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Making sure that honors and privileges (the "Telos") go to those who deserve them due to effort and ability was this Greek philosopher's argument.

A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Pericles

Question 5

According to the text, which issues suggest that ancient philosophy remains relevant today?

A) Affirmative action and higher education
B) Purple Heart military medals
C) Professional golf and Casey Martin
D) All of these

Question 6

This philosophy believes that the best choices are those that produce the greatest amount of happiness.

A) Distributive justice
B) Utilitarianism
C) Categorical thinking
D) Natural rights

Question 7

The main proponent of the philosophy of Utilitarianism was:

A) John Stuart Mill
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) John Locke

Question 8

The "end justifies the means" is a position connected to this philosophy.

A) Telos
B) Idealism
C) Realism
D) Utilitarianism

Question 9

The father of "categorical thinking" and main critic of Utilitarianism is:

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Thomas Hobbs

Question 10

Doing good for its own sake with no desire of reward is a basic tenet of this philosopher.

A) John Rawls
B) John Locke
C) Immanuel Kant
D) G.W.F. Hegel

Question 11

Natural rights, those fundamental rights for all humans, include which of the following?

A) Life
B) Liberty
C) Property
D) All of these

Question 12

This philosopher believed government should promote "high culture" and demote "low culture."

A) Homer Simpson
B) Plato
C) Obama
D) Aristotle

Question 13

This philosopher tried to explain the origin of the basic principles of fairness by talking of decisions reached behind a "veil of ignorance."

A) John Locke
B) John Adams
C) John Rawls
D) John of the Gospels

Question 14

One of the earliest known "maxims" of the just or good life comes from this father in ancient Egypt.

A) Moses
B) Ramses
C) Pathhotep
D) Ikhnaton

Question 15

These philosophers would agree with "Dr. Death" and assisted suicide laws.

A) John Rawls
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Aristotle

Question 16

This philosopher understood that in a land of liberty citizens must give up some liberties to maintain order in a "social contract."

A) Plato
B) John Locke
C) Thomas Hobbs
D) Aristotle

Question 17

With regard to when a professional athlete or movie celebrity earns millions, this philosopher would argue that the athlete/celebrity does not own his or her talents and therefore has a responsibility to share his or her wealth.

A) John Rawls
B) Aristotle
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) Thomas Jefferson

Question 18

Although inequalities of talent and abilities exist, Rawls would argue, a moral society is one in which:

A) Rewards are monopolized by the talented few.
B) The few share their wealth with less fortunate.
C) Charity fills the gaps.
D) It is acknowledged that "the poor will always be with us."

Question 19

Prohibition of certain lowly pleasures (e.g., alcohol, gambling, prostitution) is permissible for the higher good, according to this philosopher.

A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) John Locke
D) Immanuel Kant

Question 20

The modern notion of "cost/benefit analysis" is more closely associated with this philosophy.

A) Idealism
B) Marxism
C) Utilitarianism
D) Realism