Deck 3: Encountering the News

Question 1

What is a schema?

A) a cognitive error that we use to explains events
B) a category of knowledge that helps people interpret and understand the world
C) a mental structure used to simplify and organize knowledge
D) A and B
E) B and C

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Schemas affect:

A) what people notice
B) how people remember and interpret things
C) how people make decisions
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How did the Duke lacrosse case turn out?

A) the players were declared innocent of the charges and the district attorney was disbarred
B) all but two of the players were declared innocent and the district attorney was promoted to state attorney general
C) the accuser was sentenced to jail for lying about the details of the incident
D) the players were declared innocent and the accuser was put on trial for perjury
E) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of these statements is NOT true of schemas?

A) Information inconsistent with existing schemas receives more mental attention as people try to explain the inconsistencies.
B) It takes more work for people to process an individual's actions when the behavior doesn't fit with existing schemas.
C) Expected information is effortlessly integrated into a schema, leaving extra resources for processing unexpected information.
D) Information consistent with existing schemas takes as much effort to process as information inconsistent with existing schemas.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 5

Which type of schema is a mental file containing your perceptions of a person's traits and goals?

A) Event schema
B) Role schema
C) Person schema
D) Memory schema
E) None of the above

Question 6

Which type of schema can contribute to stereotyping?

A) Event schema
B) Role schema
C) Personality schema
D) Memory schema
E) None of the above

Question 7

What is the perseverance effect?

A) A concept that describes how people's beliefs and schemas persist despite contradictory information.
B) A concept that describes people who are extremely determined even in the face of opposition.
C) An effect that counteracts the stereotyping effects of role schemas.
D) An effect similar to the Rashomon effect, but harder to eliminate in one's thinking.
E) None of the above

Question 8

What is the following cycle describing: A journalist expects a source to act in a particular way; the journalist treats the source in a way consistent with his expectation; the source responds in a way consistent with the treatment; the journalist sees the source's behavior as proof his expectation was correct.

A) experiential learning
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) the Rashomon effect
D) the perseverance effect
E) none of the above

Question 9

Counterarguing, carefully evaluating information and having meaningful contact with people unlike you are all ways to do what?

A) counteract the biasing power of argumentative schemas
B) help you engage in purely automatic thinking
C) combat the perseverance effect
D) avoid stimulus-driven thinking
E) none of the above

Question 10

The term to describe when individuals remember the same events differently, but plausibly, than others do, is called:

A) the Kurosawa prophesy
B) the perseverance effect
C) stimulus-driven thinking
D) the Rashomon effect
E) A and C