Deck 3: Ethics

Question 1

The obligation to treat people fairly and equitably is representative of which of the core principles that inform the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?

A) Concern for welfare
B) Respect for persons
C) Justice
D) Respect for welfare

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The "C" in the OCAP principles refers to which word?

A) Community
B) Control
C) Commitment
D) Cooperation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is a biohazard?

A) Any animal that is included in research
B) Any organism, or its derivative, that could negatively influence another organism
C) Any organism, or its derivative, that could positively influence another organism
D) Any research that negatively impacts the environment

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the three federal funding agencies in Canada?

A) Canadian Institutes of Health Research
B) Health and Sciences Council of Canada
C) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
D) Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Question 5

Modifying husbandry or experimental procedures to minimize stress refers to which of the Three Rs identified by the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC)?

A) Replace
B) Reduce
C) Reproduce
D) Refine

Question 6

Which of the following is not representative of a professional code of ethics?

A) It is a guide to support professionals in their decision making
B) It helps to ensure the credibility of a profession
C) It covers all ethical issues that professionals will encounter
D) It includes articles that are often quite general

Question 7

What is the first step to effective ethical decision making?

A) Consult code of ethics
B) Develop ethical sensitivity
C) Develop self-awareness
D) Take action

Question 8

What term is used to describe the governing body that oversees the ethics of research that is undertaken by researchers affiliated with Canadian universities?

A) Research advisory board (RAB)
B) Research ethics board (REB)
C) Canadian ethics boards (CEB)
D) University ethics boards (UEB)

Question 9

Which of the following three core principles convey the value of human dignity and inform the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?

A) Concern for welfare, justice, autonomy
B) Concern for welfare, justice, beneficence
C) Respect for persons, concern for welfare, justice
D) Respect for persons, veracity, and beneficence

Question 10

What statement best represents the process of consent that has been outlined in the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?

A) Consent cannot be withdrawn after the study has commenced
B) Consent must be free, informed, and ongoing
C) Deception is completely forbidden
D) Voluntary consent is not necessary

Question 11

The Nuremberg Code was developed in response to unethical human experiments that were conducted during what war?

A) Iraq War
B) Vietnam War
C) World War I
D) World War II

Question 12

How is the ethical principle of veracity defined?

A) Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of others
B) Fulfilling one's responsibilities of trust
C) Obligation to act for the benefit of others
D) Truthfulness

Question 13

What should ethical virtues govern?

A) Some ethical decision making
B) No ethical decision making
C) All ethical decision making
D) Specific ethical decision making

Question 14

What is the focus of Chapter 9 in the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?

A) Research that involves clinical trial designs
B) Research involving children
C) Research involving Indigenous peoples
D) Research involving animals

Question 15

How is the ethical principle of fidelity defined?

A) Fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of others
B) Fulfilling one's responsibilities of trust
C) Obligation not to inflict harm upon others intentionally
D) Truthfulness

Question 16

Which step in the ethical decision-making process refers to the process whereby one recognizes that the choices she/he makes as a professional will affect other people?

A) Consult with colleagues
B) Develop ethical sensitivity
C) Develop self-awareness
D) Reflect upon the results of your actions

Question 17

What is another term that is often used to describe the Nuremberg Code?

A) Five commandments of ethical human medical research
B) Ten commandments of ethical human medical research
C) Five commitments of ethical human medical research
D) Ten commitments of ethical human medical research

Question 18

What were the researchers from Baylor College of Medicine called as a result of their heart research that was conducted in Newfoundland?

A) Cupid researchers
B) Heart doctors
C) Texas vampires
D) Newfoundland researchers

Question 19

Which of the following definitions is representative of confidentiality?

A) A person's right to be free from intrusion by others
B) A researchers' obligation to safeguard entrusted information
C) Obligation to act for the benefit of others
D) Freedom to make one's own choices

Question 20

Who conducted the "nutrition research" during the 1940s and 1950s in Canada?

A) Indigenous peoples
B) American researchers
C) Undergraduate students
D) Canadian researchers

Question 21

The terms ethics and respect are often used interchangeably.

Question 22

People will always know if they have been treated unethically in a research study.

Question 23

The Nuremberg Code is often referred to as the ten commandments of ethical human medical research.

Question 24

The Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) is informed by two core principles.

Question 25

Undergraduate and graduate students do not need to adhere to ethics policies that have been developed by their university.

Question 26

Researchers must ensure participants' free, informed, and ongoing consent throughout the research process.

Question 27

Many Indigenous peoples in Canada are distrustful of researchers because research has been at the root of colonialist practices.

Question 28

The Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) discourages the use of incentives in research.

Question 29

An ethical dilemma is defined as a challenging situation faced by a professional when there is no clearly correct ethical choice.

Question 30

Ethical virtues include qualities such as compassion and integrity.

Question 31

What are the Three Rs identified by the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC)? Describe each of the Rs.

Question 32

What are the four OCAP principles for engaging in research with Indigenous peoples? Describe each of the principles.

Question 33

Privacy and confidentiality are two important terms to consider with respect to research ethics. What are the definitions of these two terms?

Question 34

What is "ethical residue"?

Question 35

Within the context of research ethics, what is meant by the term "conflict of interest"?

Question 36

The Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) is informed by three core principles that convey the value of human dignity. Identify and describe these three core principles. Then, provide two examples of ethical guidelines and explain how the core principles serve as the foundation for each guideline.

Question 37

Ethical principles help to shape most codes of ethics in kinesiology-related professions, and an ethical dilemma occurs when there is a conflict among ethical principles. Identify and describe three ethical principles that are particularly important to effective ethical decision-making. Describe an example of an ethical dilemma that could occur as a result of two conflicting ethical principles.

Question 38

Deception is sometimes necessary in kinesiology research. Describe what is meant by deception, identify what conditions must be met in order for deception to be included in a study, and provide an example of a study whereby deception would be permitted.