Deck 10: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Question 1

Experts in the field of substance abuse were asked about the relative addictiveness of various drugs.At the top of the list,as most addictive,was

A)nicotine
B)heroin.
C)crack cocaine.
D)methamphetamine

Answer 1

nicotine

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning?

A)Faster reaction time
B)Improved judgment
C)Impaired motor coordination
D)Greater creativity

Answer 2

Impaired motor coordination

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use,as opposed to substance intoxication,substance abuse,or substance dependence?

A)Smoking a cigarette
B)Drinking a cup of coffee
C)Taking a sleeping pill
D)Getting drunk

Answer 3

Getting drunk

Question 4

The condition called delirium tremens,also known as the DTs,involves hallucinations and body tremors during withdrawal from

A)heroin.
B)cocaine.
C)alcohol.
D)marijuana.

Question 5

Carol has been addicted to narcotics for many years.Recently,she has been trying to quit and has not used any drugs for the last week.We can expect that Carol will be experiencing

A)fever and chills.
B)nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
C)aches and pains.
D)all of these

Question 6

All of the following substances are classified as opiates

A)cocaine.
B)codeine.
C)heroin.
D)morphine.

Question 7

Cameron has a cup of coffee every morning,smokes 10 cigarettes a day,and has a beer with dinner.This is an example of

A)substance use.
B)A substance use disorder.
C)polysubstance abuse.
D)substance intoxication.

Question 8

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in the brain cells,the effects of ________ are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.

A)Opiates
B)tranquilizers
C)alcohol
D)marijuana

Question 9

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience

A)tolerance to the effects of the drug.
B)withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn.
C)Psychological craving
D)All of the above

Question 10

What explains the apparent stimulation,feeling of well-being,and outgoing behavior as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion?

A)Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain
B)Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain
C)Depression of the autonomic nervous system
D)Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system

Question 11

The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect,and the diminished effect with continued use of the same amount,is referred to as

A)resistance.
B)dependence.
C)tolerance.
D)intoxication.

Question 12

According to the DSM,one of the features of amphetamine intoxication is

A)psychomotor agitation.
B)gastrointestinal disturbances.
C)dry mouth.
D)blurring of vision.

Question 13

According to the text,researchers estimate what percentage of individuals in America engage in binge drinking?

A)22
B)30
C)44
D)98

Question 14

Alcohol and the drugs Seconal,Halcion,and Valium are all classified as

A)stimulants.
B)opiates.
C)depressants.
D)narcotics.

Question 15

Both morphine and codeine are analgesics,which means that they

A)activate the central nervous system.
B)relieve pain and produce euphoria.
C)increase alertness.
D)cause delusions and dissociative experiences.

Question 16

A perspective of substance dependence that involves "drug-seeking behaviors" includes all of the following

A)repeated use of the drug.
B)a desperate need to ingest more of the drug.
C)resuming drug use after a period of abstinence.
D)physical symptoms when the drug is no longer used.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT represent the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

A)Serotonin-alcoholic cravings
B)Glutamate-alcoholic blackouts
C)Dopamine-slurred speech
D)GABA-anti-anxiety effect

Question 18

The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of

A)how drunk or intoxicated a person gets after ingesting a psychoactive substance.
B)whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life.
C)the type and intensity of the substance abuser's biological reaction.
D)which drug is used and how much of it is consumed in one episode.

Question 19

In terms of substance-related disorders,the word addiction is most closely associated with

A)substance use.
B)intoxication.
C)substance dependence.
D)polysubstance abuse.

Question 20

Substance intoxication is determined by all of the following

A)the specific drug that is used.
B)how much of a drug is used or ingested.
C)the drug user's individual biological reaction.
D)physiological dependence on the drug.

Question 21

Which of the following is the definition of anticonvulsant?

A)Sleep-inducing
B)Anxiety-reducing
C)Antiseizure
D)Calming

Question 22

All of the following can occur in people who are alcohol dependent for even short periods of time

A)blackouts and/or seizures.
B)hallucinations.
C)memory loss.
D)dementia.

Question 23

Different rates of alcohol dependence in different countries/regions can be attributed to differences in  all of the following

A)impulse control
B)attitude towards alcohol
C)Availability of alcohol
D)Physiological reactions

Question 24

Which of the following is the definition of hypnotic?

A)Sleep-inducing
B)Anxiety-reducing
C)Antiseizure
D)Calming

Question 25

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant.Symptoms of FAS include all of the following

A)cognitive deficits and behavior problems.
B)distorted facial features.
C)learning difficulties
D)excessive fetal growth.

Question 26

In some individuals,chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body.Whether this occurs depends on all of the following factors

A)blood alcohol levels during drinking periods.
B)the type of alcohol consumed
C)genetic vulnerability.
D)how frequently drinking binges occur, how long they last, and how much time elapses between binges.

Question 27

Research that asks individuals to indicate alcohol use during the previous one-month period has found that alcohol use is highest among

A)Hispanics.
B)Asian Americans.
C)Caucasian Americans.
D)people with multiracial backgrounds.

Question 28

Casey was offered a full scholarship to a prestigious conservatory,but his alcohol use got more and more out of control,and in addition to suffering from several interfering symptoms,he was forced to drop out of school after the first semester.He was also very much in debt because of his alcohol use and had estranged himself from his family.Casey's alcohol use disorder would be specified as

A)Combined type
B)Interfering type
C)Moderate
D)Severe

Question 29

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a benzodiazepine?

A)Halcion
B)Valium
C)Xanax
D)Seconal

Question 30

In early editions of the DSM,into what disorder category did alcoholism and drug abuse fall?

A)Mood and anxiety disorders
B)Impulse control disorders
C)Sociopathic personality disturbances
D)Obsessive compulsive disturbances

Question 31

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcoholism?

A)A progressive pattern leading to alcoholism is inevitable for those who drink alcohol.
B)The factors that determine a drinker's susceptibility to alcoholism are not yet known.
C)Alcohol use and aggressive behavior are negatively correlated.
D)Use of alcohol by preteens and young teenagers does not predict later abuse.

Question 32

Annabelle has been a heavy drinker for years.Her behavior reflects confusion,loss of muscle coordination,and unintelligible speech.Such behavior is probably the result of

A)dementia.
B)substance abuse psychotic disorder.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 33

In a large survey among college-aged men and women,it was found that

A)about 75 percent of the respondents said that they had gone on a binge of heavy drinking once in the preceding two weeks.
B)there was no relationship between frequency of drinking and grades.
C)students with a grade-point average of "A" had no more than one drink per week.
D)"D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

Question 34

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

A)Education is negatively correlated with recent alcohol use.
B)Half of all Americans over the age of 12 report being current drinkers of alcohol.
C)Female college students were more likely than male college students to report several episodes of binge drinking in a two-week period.
D)Alcohol use in the elderly population is typically high.

Question 35

You have just heard about a situation in which someone who was drunk vandalized a building and assaulted a security guard.From your knowledge of abnormal psychology,you are aware that although alcohol does not cause aggressive behavior,it may

A)stimulate the inhibitory center of the brain, causing aggressive behavior.
B)activate the aggressive genes in the person's DNA.
C)impair the ability to consider the consequences of acting impulsively.
D)increase the anxiety associated with being punished for one's actions.

Question 36

All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol

A)nausea and/or vomiting.
B)hypersomnia.
C)hallucinations.
D)delirium tremens.

Question 37

Which of the following is the definition of anxiolytic?

A)Sleep-inducing
B)Anxiety-reducing
C)Antiseizure
D)Calming

Question 38

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything.She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her.She was also jumpy and suffered from episodes of heart palpitations due to anxiety.Her doctor most likely prescribed ___________ to help her.

A)an opiate
B)a benzodiazepine
C)an anxiolytic
D)an antidepressant

Question 39

Consequences of long-term excessive drinking include

A)liver disease and/or pancreatitis.
B)cardiovascular disorders.
C)brain damage.
D)any or all of these

Question 40

Which of the following is the definition of sedative?

A)Sleep-inducing
B)Anxiety-reducing
C)Antiseizure
D)Calming

Question 41

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?

A)Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing"), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
B)Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
C)Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system.
D)Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Question 42

Which of the following are examples of opioids?

A)Chemicals in the poppy
B)Hydrocodone
C)Enkephalins
D)All of these

Question 43

Legally available narcotic medications,including morphine and codeine,are used primarily as

A)antagonists.
B)analgesics.
C)antibiotics.
D)antidotes.

Question 44

According to the DSM,one of the features of cannabis intoxication is

A)psychomotor agitation.
B)gastrointestinal disturbances.
C)dry mouth.
D)blurring of vision.

Question 45

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural opioids found in

A)the brain.
B)the humoral system.
C)DNA.
D)poppy seeds.

Question 46

The benzodiazepine medications are prescribed primarily to treat

A)pain.
B)depression.
C)anxiety.
D)addiction.

Question 47

According to the text,the overdose of which of the following drugs is a common means of suicide?

A)Benzodiazepines
B)Barbiturates
C)Stimulants
D)Hallucinogens

Question 48

The most common of the psychoactive substances,used by 90 percent of Americans,is

A)nicotine
B)caffeine
C)marijuana.
D)opium.

Question 49

From a physiological perspective,the reason that a nicotine addict smokes cigarettes frequently throughout the day is to prevent withdrawal symptoms,which include all of the following

A)irritability.
B)weight loss.
C)depression.
D)difficulty concentrating.

Question 50

Nikolay has decided to stop smoking (again).He can expect to experience which of the following withdrawal symptoms?

A)Elevated mood
B)Decreased appetite
C)Weight loss
D)Irritability

Question 51

Which of the following effects is associated with cocaine use?

A)Decreased alertness
B)Increased appetite
C)Decreased pulse and blood pressure
D)Rapid and irregular heartbeat

Question 52

The most commonly consumed of all the psychoactive drugs are the stimulants,which include all of the following

A)caffeine.
B)cocaine.
C)nicotine.
D)mescaline.

Question 53

Among the opioids are both natural substances (opiates)and the synthetic narcotic called

A)morphine.
B)heroin.
C)methadone.
D)codeine.

Question 54

Misuse of the benzodiazepine ________ has resulted in it being referred to as the "date rape drug."

A)Amytal
B)Halcion
C)Ritalin
D)Rohypnol

Question 55

Your shy and introverted friend tells you that she has discovered a wonder drug that produces feelings of euphoria and is not addictive.When you realize that she is talking about cocaine,you inform her that

A)scientists agree that it is wonder drug just as she describes.
B)in the early 20th century cocaine was an ingredient in Pepsi-Cola.
C)cocaine will make her more social and outgoing.
D)dependence on cocaine develops slowly over a period of years.

Question 56

According to the DSM,one of the features of hallucinogen intoxication is

A)psychomotor agitation.
B)gastrointestinal disturbances.
C)dry mouth.
D)blurring of vision.

Question 57

Stimulation of the ________ neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure)probably causes the "high" associated with cocaine use.

A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)adrenaline
D)endorphin

Question 58

Angus had been "hooked" for a while before he decided to "go clean." Within 6 to 12 hours,he started to experience excessive yawning,nausea and vomiting,chills,muscle aches,diarrhea,and insomnia.His behavior disrupted his work and social relationships.These symptoms persisted for three days.After a week,he felt better.Angus is probably withdrawing from

A)alcohol.
B)cocaine.
C)heroin.
D)LSD.

Question 59

Substances that distort sensory experiences,feelings,and perceptions are known as

A)opiates.
B)hallucinogens.
C)"roofies."
D)"benzos."

Question 60

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse?

A)Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.
B)Tolerance develops rapidly.
C)Psychological dependence can occur with even occasional use.
D)Marijuana is free of carcinogens.

Question 61

The common factor among psychoactive drugs may be

A)their ability to activate the "pleasure pathways" of the brain.
B)the ease of obtaining them and the relatively inexpensive cost.
C)the similar way in which they are metabolized in the body.
D)their identical effect on neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Question 62

Substance abuse and substance dependence are

A)Different terms for the same condition
B)Two similar but separate diagnoses in the DSM-5
C)Outdated terms that reflect incomplete understanding of neurobiology
D)Combined into a single diagnosis in the DSM-5

Question 63

The field of research that studies how genes work to affect addiction is called

A)behavior genetics.
B)the genome project.
C)functional genomics.
D)genetic cross-transformation.

Question 64

The neurotransmitter GABA plays what role in drug use and addiction?

A)It acts as the "brain police"
B)It acts as the "gatekeeper"
C)It acts as the "transporter"
D)It acts as the "stimulator"

Question 65

Substance abuse and substance dependence are

A)Different terms for the same condition
B)Two similar but separate diagnoses in the DSM-5
C)Outdated terms that reflect incomplete understanding of neurobiology
D)Combined into a single diagnosis in the DSM-5

Question 66

All of the following are informative and accurate statements about inhalants that

A)inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.
B)symptoms of inhalant use include slurred speech, dizziness, and euphoria.
C)long-term inhalant use can damage bone marrow, the kidneys, the liver, and the brain.
D)use of inhalants can cause users to be antisocial and aggressive.

Question 67

A recent research study on alcoholism suggests that while use of illegal drugs is influenced by environmental factors,abuse and dependence are more influenced by

A)genetic factors.
B)psychological factors.
C)nonbiological factors.
D)cultural factors.

Question 68

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?

A)An increase in positive feelings will be followed by an increase in negative feelings.
B)An increase in negative feelings will be followed by an increase in positive feelings.
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 69

Which of the following substances is NOT physiologically addicting?

A)Alcohol
B)LSD
C)Cocaine
D)All of these are physiologically addicting

Question 70

In behavioral terms,drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they

A)make a person feel good.
B)stop a person from feeling pain.
C)have toxic effects on the nervous system.
D)can cause frequent users to become dependent on them.

Question 71

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically?

A)Marijuana
B)LSD
C)Psilocybin
D)Mescaline

Question 72

Even after Timon read Psychedelics for Dummies,he was unable to produce LSD in the lab.He decided he would have to find a hallucinogen naturally.Therefore,he should look for which naturally occurring hallucinogen?

A)Peyote
B)Psilocybe mushroom
C)Seeds of the morning glory plant
D)All of the above

Question 73

Which of the following drugs is known to have an anxiolytic effect?

A)Methamphetamine
B)Alcohol
C)Caffeine
D)LSD

Question 74

Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets to relieve your headache.Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that,in behavioral terms,aspirin is a ________ reinforcer.

A)positive
B)negative
C)neutral
D)variable

Question 75

The "pleasure pathways" or internal reward centers in the human brain are primarily made up of

A)dopamine-sensitive neurons.
B)serotonin-sensitive neurons.
C)both dopamine-sensitive and serotonin-sensitive neurons.
D)none of these

Question 76

In trying to understand why some individuals become addicted to anxiolytics and others do not,it is important to consider the negative reinforcement that is associated with the drug's ability to

A)produce a "high."
B)reduce anxiety.
C)metabolize quickly.
D)relieve pain.

Question 77

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain.It is called

A)Ecstasy (MDMA).
B)"K" or "Special K."
C)Eve.
D)Nexus.

Question 78

The integration of both positive and negative reinforcement in explaining why the "crash" that follows the initial euphoria of drug use is not a deterrent to further drug use is called

A)the opponent-process theory.
B)amotivational syndrome.
C)substance-induced myopia.
D)an expectancy effect.

Question 79

Use of testosterone-derived anabolic-androgenic steroids differs from other illicit drug use because

A)the "high" produced from steroid use is more intense than that experienced with other drugs.
B)steroids are used to increase body mass and enhance performance.
C)more females than males use anabolic steroids.
D)steroids can be taken orally or by injection.

Question 80

In the 1950s,James Olds used electrical stimulation on the brains of rats and discovered

A)the aggressive center of the brain.
B)the pleasure center of the brain.
C)that rats did not like to have their brains electrically stimulated.
D)that rats had no brains.