Deck 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia?

A)Delusions and hallucinations
B)Inappropriate emotions
C)Disorganized speech and behavior
D)All of these

Answer 1

All of these

Question 2

Which of the following is the definition for hebephrenia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Answer 2

Silly and immature behavior

Question 3

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" of the basic functions of personality led to the incorrect use of the term to mean

A)a fugue state.
B)multiple personality.
C)cognitive slippage.
D)folie à deux.

Answer 3

multiple personality.

Question 4

Which of the following defines Cotard syndrome?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)One is actually dead.

Question 5

Which of the following psychotic delusions defines Capgras syndrome?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 6

Which of the following is the definition of catatonia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Immobility or agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 7

Which of the following is the part of Kraepelin's definition of paranoia?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 8

Of the following groups of people,which is most likely to commit violent crimes?

A)Individuals with schizophrenia
B)Individuals with substance abuse problems
C)Healthy individuals
D)They are all equally likely to be violent

Question 9

In the late 1800s,the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin made all of the following contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia

A)distinguished dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.
B)noted that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
C)combined several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
D)conceptualized a treatment for patients with schizophrenia that is still being used today.

Question 10

Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for patients with schizophrenia?

A)About 50 percent of people diagnosed with the disorder eventually recover.
B)Recovery is possible only if the person stays on medication.
C)Recovery is possible only if the patient receives psychotherapy.
D)Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

Question 11

In the 1800s,physicians studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia used the term ________ because they observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.

A)adolescent insanity
B)folie à deux
C)catatonia previa
D)dementia praecox

Question 12

Which of the following is the definition of dementia praecox?

A)Silly and immature behavior
B)Early madness
C)Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D)Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 13

The term schizophrenia was introduced about 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named

A)Emil Kraepelin.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Eugen Bleuler.
D)Phillipe Pinel.

Question 14

The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is

A)visual.
B)auditory.
C)tactile.
D)olfactory.

Question 15

Which of the following describes a delusion of grandeur?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 16

Which of the following is the persecutory type of psychotic delusion?

A)A familiar person is actually a double.
B)You are a famous or important person.
C)People are out to get you.
D)A body part has changed in some impossible way.

Question 17

Antoinette believes that her brother is not really her brother and that he has,in fact,been replaced by a double.This is known as _______________ syndrome.

A)Capgras
B)Cotard
C)Barlow
D)Durand

Question 18

If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic,it usually means that the person has

A)hallucinations.
B)delusions.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 19

In the textbook case of Arthur,he said that he had a "secret plan to save all the starving children in the world." After Arthur showed other bizarre behavior and said he was going to climb the fence of a government building,his parents tried to have him admitted to a psychiatric hospital.They were not able to do that because

A)he was not considered a danger to himself or others.
B)he was given medication, instead, to calm him down.
C)the hospital staff didn't believe his parents.
D)his behavior was due to a substance abuse problem.

Question 20

According to statistical data the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ____ percent.

A)0.01
B)1
C)5
D)10

Question 21

Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called

A)Wernicke's area.
B)Broca's area.
C)the occipital lobe.
D)the limbic system.

Question 22

Marta,a hospitalized patient with schizophrenia,shows an unusual form of catatonia.If someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position,it just stays that way.Marta's bizarre behavior is called

A)postural dysfunction.
B)waxy flexibility.
C)aerobic immobility
D)schizophrenic movement disorder.

Question 23

Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that

A)these hallucinations are produced by the auditory nerve in the ear as well as the speech area of the brain.
B)people who are hallucinating think the voices of other people are actually their own.
C)a person who is hallucinating is actually listening to his/her own thoughts.
D)these hallucinations are related to the disorganized speech that occurs in schizophrenia.

Question 24

The deficit view of delusions theory posits that delusions

A)Are caused by a deficit of emotion
B)Are caused by a deficit of social support
C)Result from brain dysfunction
D)Result from personality deficits

Question 25

A research study involving adults with schizophrenia looked at their facial expressions in home movies taken when they were children.The researchers were trying to determine if the development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited emotional reactions.This research study focused on the negative symptom called

A)alogia.
B)affective flattening.
C)associative splitting.
D)emotional effect syndrome.

Question 26

Which of the following negative symptom of schizophrenia defines "flat affect"?

A)Inability to initiate and persist in activities
B)Inability to experience pleasure
C)Lack of emotional response, and a blank facial expression
D)Lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response

Question 27

Between ___%_ and ____% of people with schizophrenia experience positive symptoms.

A)55; 65
B)65; 75
C)50; 70
D)80; 100.

Question 28

At various times,individuals have been arrested for stalking celebrities who they believed were in love with them.This condition is called a(n)________ delusion.

A)jealous
B)erotomanic
C)somatic
D)persecutory

Question 29

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called anhedonia is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 30

The motivational view of delusions theory posits that delusions

A)Are attempts to deal with anxiety
B)Are attempts to deal with social isolation
C)Motivate erratic behavior
D)Motivate the misinterpretation of symptoms

Question 31

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder.This means that in addition to schizophrenica symptoms,she also has symptoms of

A)an anxiety disorder.
B)a mood disorder.
C)a split personality.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 32

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago.Most recently,he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors.For example,he has been standing for hours in unusual postures.Mark's motor dysfunction is called

A)cognitive slippage.
B)inappropriate affect.
C)catatonic immobility.
D)hebephrenia.

Question 33

Which of the following is an environmental influence that seems to contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

A)Exposure to environmental infection
B)Pregnancy complications
C)Birth delivery complications
D)All of the above

Question 34

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 35

Which of the following symptoms,though common in schizophrenia,is NOT required for a formal diagnosis of the disorder?

A)Diminished emotional expression
B)Disorganized speech
C)Hallucinations.
D)Delusions.

Question 36

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called alogia is defined as

A)inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)inability to experience pleasure.
C)lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D)lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 37

More than ______% of characters in prime-time television dramas with schizophrenia are portrayed as violent,with more than _____% as murderers.

A)30; 10
B)40; 18
C)60; 20
D)70; 20

Question 38

Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms.An obvious one was his lack of speech content and slowed speech response.This symptom is called

A)anhedonia.
B)avolition.
C)clanging.
D)alogia.

Question 39

In which of the following disorders are hallucinations and delusions NOT part of the symptom pattern?

A)Schizotypal personality disorder
B)Schizoaffective disorder
C)Schizophreniform disorder
D)Brief psychotic disorder

Question 40

According to research,a person with schizophrenia who exhibits flat affect

A)is incapable of experiencing emotion.
B)can display emotion at certain times.
C)is capable of experiencing emotion.
D)none of the above

Question 41

Schizophrenia is associated with "negative symptoms" that include all of the following

A)an inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B)flat affect.
C)poverty of speech (alogia).
D)hallucinations and delusions.

Question 42

The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than

A)one day.
B)one week.
C)one month.
D)Six months.

Question 43

Which of the following defines the grandiose type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 44

Which of the following defines the erotomanic type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 45

Which of the following defines the somatic type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing one is afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 46

In working with schizophrenic patients,mental health professionals typically distinguish between ________ symptoms (an excess or distortion of normal behavior)and ________ symptoms (deficits in normal behavior).

A)positive; negative
B)negative; positive
C)manic; depressive
D)dysmorphic; dysfunctional

Question 47

Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that

A)an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50 percent) of developing schizophrenia.
B)in family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact.
C)if one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia,e.g., paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.
D)the more severe a parent's schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children are to develop it.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding statistical data on schizophrenia?

A)The lifetime prevalence rate is 1 percent.
B)Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents.
C)Men with schizophrenia have a better prognosis than women with schizophrenia.
D)More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life.

Question 49

An ongoing research study in Finland is focusing on children of mothers with schizophrenia who were adopted into other families.To date,researchers have determined that ____ percent of these children have developed schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)25

Question 50

Schizophrenia is associated with "positive symptoms" that include 

A)hallucinations and delusions.
B)Good mood.
C)avolition.
D)catatonia.

Question 51

A woman diagnosed with schizophrenia announces that she has a plan to end poverty and homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can be accomplished.Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of

A)persecution.
B)thought insertion.
C)grandeur.
D)reference.

Question 52

Which of the following defines the jealous type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 53

Which of the following defines the persecutory type of delusional disorder?

A)Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B)Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C)Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D)Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 54

The Genain quadruplets Nora,Iris,Myra and Hester showed us that

A)The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can vary even among quadruplets raised in the same household
B)The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can be determined by birth weight
C)Schizophrenia is almost entirely genetic in its etiology
D)Having the same family environment largely ensures the same outcome in schizophrenia

Question 55

James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world,and seems somewhat eccentric to others.Often,he feels the presence of his dead mother nearby.He knows it is an illusion and that she is not real.Her presence does give him comfort.James probably would be diagnosed with

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)schizotypal personality disorder.
C)schizoid personality disorder.
D)brief psychotic disorder.

Question 56

The case of Arthur (described in your textbook),who suddenly experienced the delusion that he could save all the starving children in the world with a "secret plan," but whose symptoms lasted only a few days,was diagnosed with

A)schizotypal personality disorder.
B)folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder).
C)brief psychotic disorder.
D)cocaine abuse.

Question 57

Which of the following is the most common pairing in shared psychotic disorder?

A)Mother-daughter
B)Mother-son
C)Sister-brother
D)None of the above

Question 58

Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes she is Cinderella.It appears that the two are suffering from

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)shizotypal disorder.
C)schizophreniform disorder.
D)folie à deux.

Question 59

Given the research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins,all of the following are accurate statements that

A)the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17 percent) of having the disorder as the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B)the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2 percent risk of having the disorder.
C)a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
D)an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a "carrier."

Question 60

The famous case of the Genain sisters,identical quadruplets all diagnosed with schizophrenia,points out that siblings raised in the same household may experience their environment very differently,a concept called a(n)

A)variable home structure.
B)unshared environment.
C)environmental phenomenon.
D)unique perceptive interpretation.

Question 61

In which of the following situations would the risk of developing schizophrenia be the lowest for a child?

A)A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B)A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic identical twin.
C)A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin.
D)A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic fraternal twin.

Question 62

Based on the various genetic linkage and association studies,one possible "marker" for schizophrenia involves

A)eye-tracking.
B)dopamine sites.
C)unusual facial features.
D)blood type.

Question 63

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her,but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say,"Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of

A)a schizophrenogenic mother.
B)double-bind communication.
C)expressed emotion.
D)none of the above

Question 64

Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A)Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain.
B)Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
C)The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.
D)Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.

Question 65

What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of patients with schizophrenia?

A)All patients with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles in their brains.
B)In some patients with schizophrenia, there is an excess amount of "gray matter" in the cerebral cortex.
C)The majority of patients with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles in their brains.
D)Many patients with schizophrenia have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.

Question 66

Recent and highly sophisticated research focusing on neurochemical abnormalities as the cause of schizophrenia involves all of the following

A)deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors.
B)excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors.
C)alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmissions.
D)changes in temporal lobe function associated with serotonin receptor activity.

Question 67

The familial communication style called expressed emotion,sometimes used to predict relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia,includes all of the following

A)overinvolvement.
B)criticism.
C)emotional distance.
D)hostility.

Question 68

Regarding cultural differences in expressed emotion,which is thought to be positively correlated with schizophrenia,research has found that ________ families have the highest percentage of expressed emotion.

A)Indian
B)Mexican
C)British
D)Anglo-American

Question 69

Which of the following is true regarding the ways that drugs affect neurotransmitters?

A)A drug that is an agonist occupies the receptor sites, blocking the neurotransmitter.
B)A drug that is an antagonist helps increase the release of the neurotransmitter.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A cold, dominant, and rejecting mother causes schizophrenia.
B)A communication style that produces conflicting messages cause schizophrenia.
C)High expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among patients with chronic schizophrenia.
D)None of these

Question 71

Scientists can observe how the newer antipsychotic medications work in the living brain of a patient with schizophrenia by using brain imaging techniques such as

A)the CT scan.
B)MRI.
C)an X-ray.
D)SPECT.

Question 72

A treatment used in the 1930s for schizophrenia but now used primarily to treat severe depression is

A)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
B)prefrontal lobotomy.
C)insulin coma therapy.
D)psychosurgery.

Question 73

Though no longer used,the word schizophrenogenic  was first proposed in the 1940s to describe

A)an abusive and alcoholic father whose child became schizophrenic.
B)an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic.
C)divorced parents who had several psychotic children.
D)a family in which relatives on both sides were psychotic.

Question 74

Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?

A)Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
B)Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 75

Recent research into the causes of schizophrenia,including studies of patients with schizophrenia who had been exposed prenatally to influenza epidemics,suggests that there might be a ________ cause of schizophrenia.

A)viral
B)bacterial
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 76

Which of the following statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A)Many people with schizophrenia are not helped by dopamine antagonists.
B)Clozapine, one of the weakest dopamine antagonists, reduces schizophrenic symptoms in those patients who were not helped by stronger dopamine antagonists.
C)Both of these statements contradict the dopamine theory of schizophrenia
D)Neither of these statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia

Question 77

Endophenotyping refers to looking for

A)a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia.
B)basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder.
C)basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia.
D)all of the above

Question 78

When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia in correlational research,it is important to keep certain questions in mind.For example,if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine,a researcher would need to ask all of the following questions :

A)Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?
B)Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?
C)Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
D)Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?

Question 79

Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries.An explanation for this is:

A)people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
B)it may be the result of misdiagnosis.
C)the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.
D)all of the above

Question 80

In terms of a particular emotional communication style known as expressed emotion,researchers have shown that patients with schizophrenia were more likely to relapse if

A)they had long periods of contact with their families.
B)they had families who were disapproving and intrusive.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b