Deck 26: Poverty, Hunger, and Development

Question 1

In all countries, both rich and poor, the income gap continues to increase, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa, and for women and girls in all parts of the world.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The orthodox approach to hunger states that there is enough food, but that the problem is distribution and entitlement.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A critical alternative view of poverty places emphasis on lack of access to community, resources, community ties, and spiritual and cultural values.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Democracy, as an instrument for the voice of the poor, is at the heart of the alternative conception of development.

Question 5

Globalization can simultaneously contribute to increased food production and increased hunger.

Question 6

The baseline figure for determining poverty varies across institutions; the UN calculates the proportion of people living on less than ____ per day, while the World Bank calculates the proportion of people living on less than ____ per day.

A) $1.90; $1.25
B) $1.25; $1.50
C) $1.50; $1.25
D) $1.25; $1.90

Question 7

Which approach to development argues that poverty can be resolved through the transformation of traditional subsistence economies defined as 'backward' into industrial, commodified economies defined as 'modern'?

A) Post-structural
B) Orthodox
C) Alternative
D) Positivist

Question 8

How is hunger defined?

A) Through an 'input/output' model, where food (calorific input) is sufficient to maintain body weight and a level of physical activity (output) consistent with long-term health.
B) Through household income and expenditure surveys.
C) Through a behavioural view, looking at perceptions of hunger.
D) All of the options given are correct.

Question 9

Who argues that at the beginning of the twenty-first century we are witnessing an increasingly global organization of food provision and access to food with transnational corporations playing the major role?

A) Goodman and Redclift.
B) Rapley.
C) Friedman and Stiglitz.
D) Bennett and George.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of education in Himachal Pradesh?

A) The level of primary education attainment has increased.
B) The number of children who receive no education is low.
C) The state has made of point of educating girls and women, as well as members of the so-called 'excluded groups'.
D) All of the answers given are correct.

Question 11

What did Amartya Sen argue in his pioneering book Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation?

A) Only some people are entitled to food.
B) There is a direct correlation between food production and famines.
C) Hunger is due to there not being enough to eat.
D) Hunger is due to people not having enough to eat, because they are not regarded to have entitlement to food, rather than there not being enough to eat.

Question 12

_______________ stresses pro-poor growth and poverty reduction based on continued domestic policy reform that includes more trade liberalization and further state withdrawal from economic and social policy.

A) The Washington Consensus
B) The post-Washington Consensus
C) The critical, alternative approach
D) None of the answers given are correct.

Question 13

What development strategy/policy favoured by the IMF, World Bank, and the US compels developing countries to reform their economies along neo-liberal lines in order to compete in the global market?

A) Limited protectionism
B) Pro-poor growth
C) Structural adjustment
D) Agricultural subsidy with free trade