Deck 13: Delinquency Prevention, Assessment, and Early Intervention

Question 1

Differential association theory examines social bonds over the life course, and explores how informal social controls in adulthood prohibit crime.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Juvenile delinquency is a component of larger group of problem behaviors that tend to occur together. Which of the following problem behaviors often occurs along with delinquency?

A) Mental health problems
B) Drug and alcohol use
C) Behavior problems in school
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

__________ __________ are characteristics of the youth and his/her environment that can be changed through intervention, such as antisocial attitudes and values, association with delinquent peers, dysfunctional family relationships, and antisocial personality traits (impulsiveness, risk-taking, and low self-control).

A) Static risk factors
B) Progressive risk factors
C) Dynamic risk factors
D) Consequential risk factors

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a protective or resiliency factor identified through research?

A) Assertiveness
B) Connections to competent, emotionally warm, caring adults
C) Social experiences with supportive, prosocial peers
D) Language skills and cognitive ability

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an empirically verified risk factor at the individual level?

A) Verbal deficits
B) Inattentiveness and impulsiveness
C) Weak family attachments and indirect controls
D) Early onset of problem behaviors

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an empirically verified risk factor at the family level?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Child maltreatment
C) Weak family attachments and indirect controls
D) Poor family management and direct controls

Question 7

Evidence-based practice utilizes ______________ to establish whether particular strategies, methods, and programs effectively reduce the likelihood of delinquent offending.

A) promising strategies
B) best guesses
C) evaluation research
D) logical assumptions

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a standard of evaluation research, used to establish program effectiveness?

A) Intervention specificity
B) Evaluation quality
C) Intervention impact
D) Potential for dissemination
E) Sustained outcomes

Question 9

_________________ is a statistical technique that estimates the effects found across evaluation studies of intervention methods and strategies.

A) Meta-analysis
B) Multiple linear regression
C) Factor analysis
D) Discriminant analysis

Question 10

_____________ prevention programs target the general population of youth and include campaigns to prevent smoking and drug use, to promote problem-solving and dispute resolution skills through classroom education, and to provide classes on parenting skills to all parents.

A) Universal
B) Selective
C) Indicated

Question 11

_____________ prevention programs target identified juvenile offenders in order to prevent or eliminate a serious pattern of delinquent offending.

A) Universal
B) Selective
C) Indicated

Question 12

_____________ prevention programs target youth or groups of youth who are ""at risk"" due to multiple risk factors in their lives.

A) Universal
B) Selective
C) Indicated

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the three risks factors associated with the development of early antisocial behavior in children and targeted by the nurse visitation program?

A) Adverse maternal health-related behaviors during pregnancy
B) Child abuse and neglect
C) Troubled maternal life course
D) Lack of neighborhood support programs

Question 14

_____________ involves systematic methods of appraisal and evaluation that are used to identify and classify antisocial and disruptive behaviors, and then inform intervention.

A) Assessment
B) Intensive intervention
C) Logical estimation
D) Debriefing

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a diagnosis that represents externalizing problem behaviors?

A) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
B) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
C) Hypersensitivity disorder (HD)
D) Conduct disorder (CD)

Question 16

Which of the following disorders is associated with impaired executive functions (resulting in poor self-regulation of impulses and behaviors) and autonomic system underarousal (resulting in stimulation-seeking behavior)?

A) Antisocial disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 17

Research shows that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) tend to:

A) cancel each other out.
B) co-occur.
C) diminish before adult offending occurs.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Early intervention occurs in which of the following service sectors?

A) Juvenile justice
B) Child welfare
C) Education
D) All of the above.

Question 19

Any individual characteristic, social influence, or environmental characteristic that increases the likelihood of problem behaviors is referred to as a:

A) compounding component.
B) risk factor.
C) generalized endangerment.
D) hazard rate.

Question 20

Which theory argues that, in the U.S., the goal of economic success is emphasized without a corresponding emphasis on the legitimate means to achieve success?

A) Social bond theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Anomie theory
D) Labeling theory

Question 21

Which theory argues that structural characteristics such as low economic status and residential mobility disrupt a community's social organization and contribute to high crime rates?

A) Strain theory
B) Social disorganization theory
C) Social bond theory
D) Conflict theory

Question 22

Social bond theory contends that structural characteristics of communities disrupt community social organization and contribute to high rates of delinquency.

Question 23

Anomie theory views crime and delinquency as resulting from the social structural characteristic of anomie or normlessness, which frees people to pursue economic success by whatever means necessary.

Question 24

Research has consistently identified a number of risk factors that increase the likelihood of problem behaviors and negative developmental outcomes.

Question 25

Contemporary approaches to delinquency prevention argue that risk factors must first be identified through research and then addressed through a broad range of prevention programs at the family, school, and community levels.

Question 26

Delinquency prevention programs focus on dynamic risk factors because of their potential for change.

Question 27

Cost-benefit analysis of delinquency intervention programs seeks to comprehensively identify and measure the benefits and costs of a program, including those that occur during and after participation in the program.

Question 28

The program features that lead to successful prevention program implementation have been identified through evaluation research.

Question 29

Life Skills Training (LST) is a universal prevention program that provides a three-year drug use prevention curriculum to sixth or seventh graders, with booster sessions during the following two years.

Question 30

Externalizing disorders are characterized by mood problems, such as depression, or by behavior featuring anxiety and social withdrawal.

Question 31

Oppositional defiant disorders are the externalizing behaviors most closely associated with delinquency.

Question 32

Approximately 5-10% of all ADHD children are involved in some form of conduct disorder as a child, serious delinquency as an adolescent, and criminal behavior as an adult.

Question 33

Risk assessment instruments classify youth according to their likelihood of delinquent offending.

Question 34

Functional Family Therapy and Multisystemic Therapy are family-based interventions that have proven to be effective in reducing delinquency.

Question 35

Travis Hirschi's _____________ theory explains conformity in terms of four elements of the social bond: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

A) life-course
B) self-control
C) labeling
D) social bond

Question 36

Sampson and Laub's ______________ theory explores how informal social controls in adulthood involve obligations and restraints that are attached to particular roles, such as marriage and work, and that prohibit crime.

A) life-course
B) self-control
C) labeling
D) social bond

Question 37

Gottfredson and Hirschi's ______________ theory focuses on controls within individuals.

A) life-course
B) self-control
C) labeling
D) social bond

Question 38

______________ theories focus on peer groups as the context in which delinquent behavior is reinforced.

A) Social bond
B) Labeling
C) Social learning
D) Routine activities

Question 39

Youth enter the child welfare system primarily because of:

A) maltreatment, typically in the form of abuse and neglect.
B) incarceration of parents.
C) economic need.
D) death of parents.