Deck 9: Preparation and Examination of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

Preparation for an upper gastrointestinal examination usually requires:

A) fasting.
B) low-residue diet.
C) enemas.
D) suppositories.

Answer 1

fasting.

Question 2

The substance used to provide radiographic contrast in the gastrointestinal tract of patients who may have a perforation of the alimentary canal is:

A) barium sulfate.
B) water-soluble iodine compound.
C) iodized oil.
D) glucagon.

Answer 2

water-soluble iodine compound.

Question 3

When a series of diagnostic tests is scheduled for a patient,examinations involving the use of barium are usually scheduled:

A) before radiographic studies of the urinary tract.
B) before radiographic studies of the biliary system.
C) before computed tomography scans of the abdomen.
D) last.

Answer 3

last.

Question 4

The substance most commonly used to provide radiographic contrast in the gastrointestinal tract is:

A) iodized oil.
B) water-soluble iodine compound.
C) barium sulfate.
D) glucagon.

Question 5

A black,tarry substance in the stool is an indication of:

A) Hirschsprung's disease.
B) diverticulitis.
C) bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
D) bleeding from hemorrhoids in the rectum.

Question 6

Following a gastrointestinal study involving the administration of barium,the patient is usually instructed to take a(n):

A) enema.
B) laxative.
C) suppository.
D) bath.

Question 7

As a result of its hygroscopic nature,the oral or rectal administration of barium sulfate poses a risk of:

A) hypervolemia.
B) barium impaction.
C) diarrhea.
D) diverticulosis.

Question 8

Barium enema administration differs from cleansing enema administration with respect to the:
1)height of the enema bag.
2)amount of liquid used.
3)size of the catheter.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 9

A cathartic is a(n):

A) laxative.
B) suppository.
C) enema.
D) contrast medium.

Question 10

The purpose of using contrast media in gastrointestinal studies is to:

A) prevent an allergic reaction.
B) prevent bowel obstruction.
C) enhance visualization of the soft tissues of the alimentary canal.
D) enhance patient comfort and safety.

Question 11

When a cleansing enema is administered,the patient should be placed in the _____ position.

A) supine
B) Fowler's
C) prone
D) Sims'

Question 12

What drug is sometimes administered to relax the stomach and duodenum during a double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series?

A) Glucosamine
B) Glucagon
C) Glucophage
D) Glutaraldehyde

Question 13

Patients who require priority scheduling for studies that require fasting are:
1)emergencies.
2)diabetic patients.
3)infants and small children.
4)geriatric patients.

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 14

Barium peritonitis is a serious condition that results from:

A) perforation of the colon during barium enema.
B) hardening of the barium in the colon.
C) spasm and cramping during enema administration.
D) fluid overload in patients with megacolon.

Question 15

Enteroclysis is a method of instilling barium for examination of the:

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) colon.

Question 16

When a barium enema is prepared for a patient with Hirschsprung's disease,the barium should be mixed with:

A) tap water.
B) normal saline.
C) soapsuds.
D) glycerin and water.

Question 17

Fecal matter expelled from a colostomy is more odorous and more irritating to the skin when the:

A) colostomy is temporary.
B) colostomy has recently been performed.
C) colostomy is in the proximal portion of the colon.
D) distal portion of the bowel has been removed.

Question 18

Bowel obstruction is a serious condition that may result from:

A) bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
B) barium impaction.
C) colon perforation.
D) allergy to latex enema tips.

Question 19

The media usually used for double-contrast studies of the colon are:

A) iodized oil and carbon dioxide.
B) water-soluble iodine compound and barium sulfate.
C) water-soluble iodine compound and carbon dioxide.
D) barium sulfate and air.

Question 20

If the patient feels "full" after the administration of 150 ml of a cleansing enema solution,you should:

A) remove the catheter and allow the patient to go to the bathroom.
B) call the radiologist.
C) increase the height of the enema bag by 8 inches.
D) stop the flow temporarily and allow the patient to change position.

Question 21

Gastroscopy and sigmoidoscopy are examples of:

A) fluoroscopic studies using barium sulfate.
B) radiographic studies using barium and glucagon.
C) methods of examining the small intestine.
D) fiberoptic examinations.

Question 22

When glucagon is given to enhance hypotonic duodenography or a double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series,it is administered:

A) intravenously or intramuscularly.
B) orally in tablet form.
C) orally, mixed with the barium.
D) rectally.

Question 23

An enlarged rectal vein is called a:

A) hiatal hernia.
B) hemorrhoid.
C) haustrum.
D) diverticulum.

Question 24

Evacuation proctography or dynamic rectal examination is also termed:

A) barium enema.
B) double contrast enema.
C) defecography.
D) sigmoidoscopy.

Question 25

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)is an example of which type of cathartic?

A) Bulk
B) Emollient
C) Saline
D) Stimulant

Question 26

An examination performed specifically for the detection of lesions in the duodenum distal to the duodenal bulb and for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is:

A) hypotonic duodenography.
B) defecography.
C) enteroclysis.
D) double-contrast barium enema.

Question 27

When sequencing diagnostic procedures,it is important to consider that the administration of any contrast medium containing iodine can cause inaccurate results in thyroid assessment tests for a period of at least:

A) 3 hours.
B) 3 days.
C) 3 weeks.
D) 3 months.

Question 28

When a patient has expelled only a part of the enema and is unable to expel the remainder,you should encourage the patient to:

A) try harder.
B) walk around for a few minutes.
C) drink water.
D) hold very still.

Question 29

A procedure often included in an upper gastrointestinal series in which the patient's head may be lowered and the patient is instructed to stop breathing and bear down is called:

A) anastomosis.
B) the Trendelenburg procedure.
C) the Valsalva maneuver.
D) pylorospasm.

Question 30

There are five principal types of cathartics: bulk,lubricant,emollient,saline,and stimulant.Of these,the two types that are commonly used in preparation for imaging studies of the gastrointestinal tract are:

A) bulk and saline.
B) lubricant and emollient.
C) lubricant and stimulant.
D) saline and stimulant.

Question 31

When an upper gastrointestinal series is delayed because the stomach does not empty due to pylorospasm,it is often helpful to have the patient lie in the _____ position.

A) prone
B) supine
C) right anterior oblique
D) left posterior oblique

Question 32

Tap water used for a cleansing enema should be:

A) cold (70°F).
B) body temperature (98.6°F).
C) tepid (105°F).
D) hot (120°F).

Question 33

A semisolid nugget of medication that is inserted into the rectum to stimulate peristaltic action in the colon and promote evacuation of the distal portion of the lower bowel is called a(n):

A) cathartic.
B) suppository.
C) emollient.
D) enema.

Question 34

Which of the following liquids is NOT appropriate for patients on a liquid diet in preparation for a colon examination?

A) Milk
B) Gelatin
C) Apple juice
D) Tea

Question 35

Which of the following conditions cause(s)weakening and inflammation of the colon?
1)Ulcerative colitis
2)Diverticulitis
3)Hemorrhoids
4)Hiatal hernia

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4