Deck 6: Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years

Question 1

Failing to realise that other perspectives exist is …

A)conservation
B)egoism
C)concrete-operational thinking
D)ego-centrism

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Using cans instead of disks in the Tower of Hanoi task allowed children to …

A)use less working memory
B)not have to have fine motor control
C)not have to memorise abstract rule
D)work with more familiar objects

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which number conservation task controls for children's expectations of adult behaviour by making the arrangement of the coins appear accidental?

A)Three mountains
B)Hide from the policemen
C)Naughty Teddy
D)Line up the coins

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children on the autism spectrum have difficulties with …

A)false beliefs
B)language
C)mathematics
D)conservation

Question 5

The task using a sponge painted to look like a rock helps to test children's ability to distinguish …

A)appearance and reality
B)between objects
C)living and inanimate objects
D)different textures

Question 6

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle specifically helps to demonstrate …

A)means-ends analysis
B)trial-and-error
C)problem solving
D)logical thinking

Question 7

Which is NOT true of hill climbing?

A)It requires less cognitive load than a means-ends analysis.
B)It allows children to see only the next step.
C)It allows children to keep the 'grand picture' in mind.
D)It requires that children reason backwards from the goal.

Question 8

The use of _____________ allows people to not have to find new solutions from scratch when faced with problems in a new domain.

A)questions
B)hill climbing
C)analogies
D)goal setting

Question 9

According to Piaget, during the pre-operational period …

A)children only gain motor and concrete thinking skills
B)full logical thinking is obtained
C)thinking is organised into a system
D)thinking becomes more domain-general

Question 10

Piaget's conservation tasks are best able to distinguish between _________________ and ___________________ thinking.

A)abstract / concrete
B)pre-operational / post-operational
C)sensori-motor / concrete operational
D)pre-operational / concrete operational

Question 11

The ability to 'impute states of mind' to oneself and others is known as …

A)theory of self
B)self-awareness
C)mental state awareness
D)theory of mind

Question 12

Siegal's experiment with the cockroach in milk showed that …

A)children have poor judgement
B)children can distinguish appearance from reality
C)children have abstract thinking ability
D)children do not understand contamination

Question 13

A means-ends analysis measures the ability to …

A)formulate intermediate steps to accomplish a goal
B)recognise the main goal of a problem
C)reason forward from the steps to the goal
D)learn abstract goals

Question 14

One criticism of Piaget's work was …

A)it is wrong to study your own children for psychological research
B)the task design may have been a limiting factor for the children
C)children are not as logical as Piaget proposed
D)he did not include a large enough sample size of children

Question 15

Parents appropriately interpreting infant's desires is …

A)social cognition
B)theory of mind
C)mind-mindedness
D)child awareness

Question 16

Lack of joint attention may contribute to autism because …

A)mothers will not know what their baby wants or needs
B)babies will not be able to focus on learning goals
C)the baby will not understand what the mother wants
D)shared experiences will not be possible

Question 17

Understanding that water retains its volume if you pour it from a second glass back into its original glass is an example of …

A)pre-operational thinking
B)reversibility
C)conservation
D)liquidity

Question 18

Studies show that children typically acquire a theory of mind by age …

A)three
B)four
C)six
D)two

Question 19

The task involving placing dolls in a model house where other doll 'policemen' cannot see them demonstrates …

A)that preschool children are egocentric
B)that children may be able think in other perspectives at a younger age than Piaget proposed
C)theory of mind
D)visual-spatial awareness

Question 20

In Piaget's pre-operational period, children can focus on ________ salient problem/s at a time.

A)multiple
B)zero
C)only two
D)only one