Deck 7: Intercultural Transitions

Question 1

Voluntary migrants are individuals who are forced to move abroad.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Tourism is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon that involves the movement of people to new environments for personal pleasure.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Involuntary migration is often driven by ethnic conflict or economic recession.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Enculturation refers to the process by which newcomers in an unfamiliar second language and cultural context gain intercultural competence.

Question 5

The ways that people react to the process of adaptation is referred to as marginalization.

Question 6

Immigrants who nurture their cultural heritage while developing ties in their new country are engaged in the process of integration.

Question 7

Competence in coping with life in a new country is referred to as transition shock (confusion).

Question 8

Sociocultural adaptation refers to one's competence in coping with the social dimensions of life in a new environment.

Question 9

Lack of understanding and confusion about how one should behave in a new environment is known as role shock or confusion.

Question 10

Conflicting self-images are associated with the notion of identity shock or confusion.

Question 11

Studying a second language is an example of a culture of learning.

Question 12

One's ability to cope with identity shock or confusion is referred to as tolerance of ambiguity.

Question 13

Local conventions for how to apologize are examples of cultural scripts.

Question 14

Cultural scripts for farewells in a particular context are examples of sociopragmatic norms.

Question 15

Excessive worrying about cleanliness is a symptom of language shock or confusion.

Question 16

Difficulty concentrating and making decisions is an example of resilience.

Question 17

Socioemotional support refers to a sojourner's ability to cope with adversity.

Question 18

Identity expansion is characterized by the development of a broadened sense of self.

Question 19

Ethnic proximity is defined as one's heritage and language background.

Question 20

Functional fitness refers to one's ability to carry out daily activities in a new environment

Question 21

Identify and describe three types of boundary crossers. Explain how and why their experi-ences in the new environment might differ.

Question 22

Define and briefly describe the process of acculturation and second language socialization. Identify three factors that can hinder this process.

Question 23

Describe and provide examples of four patterns of acculturation in immigrants.

Question 24

Define transition shock (confusion) identify four types. Briefly describe each and provide examples.

Question 25

Describe the causes and symptoms of language and culture shock (confusion).

Question 26

Describe the potential positive and negative effects of language and culture shock (confusion).

Question 27

Identify and describe the stages in the U-curve and W-curve adjustment models. Identify weaknesses in these models and limitations for their use.

Question 28

Describe the causes and symptoms of reverse (reentry) culture shock (confusion).

Question 29

Describe the core elements in the integrative communication theory of cross-cultural adaptation.

Question 30

Identify and discuss five strategies to enhance intercultural transitions (e.g., cope with language and culture shock or confusion).

Question 31

____________ migrants include _________________.

A) Involuntary; tourists
B) Involuntary; study abroad students
C) Voluntary; expatriates
D) Voluntary; refugees

Question 32

____________ typically requires fieldwork that centers on a community's needs.

A) Service learning
B) Study abroad
C) Education abroad
D) International education

Question 33

______________ migrants are _____________ to move to a different region or country.

A) Voluntary; forced
B) Involuntary; forced
C) Voluntary; compelled
D) Involuntary; thrilled

Question 34

The term _______________ refers to an individual who is seeking protection as a refugee and waiting for his or her claim to be processed.

A) permanent resident
B) refugee
C) asylum seeker
D) expatriate

Question 35

_____________ are temporarily in a new environment for ___________.

A) Tourists; work
B) Refugees; pleasure
C) Asylum seekers; segregation
D) Sojourners; a specific purpose such as to study abroad

Question 36

What is the term used to describe changes that take place after contact between individuals or groups with different cultural backgrounds?

A) Enculturation
B) Acculturation
C) Identity stability
D) Identity loss

Question 37

_______________ refers to the process whereby border crossers gradually gain ________________ in a new environment.

A) Second language socialization; intercultural communicative competence
B) Enculturation; intercultural communicative competence
C) Personal strength; a new identity
D) Acculturative stress; a broadened sense of self

Question 38

___________ refers to the effort to _______ elements of one's ________ by preserving core values and ways of being in a new environment.

A) Language maintenance; reject; identity
B) Cultural maintenance; sustain; heritage
C) Cultural maintenance; eliminate; culture
D) Language maintenance; eliminate; language

Question 39

Immigrants who _________ into the new culture are apt to __________ the host language and ________ their first language.

A) integrate; reject; retain
B) integrate; not learn; keep
C) assimilate; master; maintain
D) assimilate; master; infrequently use

Question 40

_____________ refers to the acculturation strategy in which individuals make an effort to maintain their cultural heritage and avoid interacting in the larger society of their new country.

A) Segregation
B) Separation
C) Both a and b
D) Marginalization

Question 41

Pedro emigrated from Bolivia to the United States. He has been in New York for three months and is engaged in ____________, the process of coping with the strains of _________.

A) adaptation; acculturation
B) adaptation; enculturation
C) enculturation; transition shock
D) enculturation; identity shock

Question 42

Mimi Tay, a Singaporean business major, joined a semester-long study abroad program in New Zealand. In case discussions she has been required to speak up much more than she was used to and is finding it difficult to cope. Lucy is experiencing __________.

A) psychological adaptation
B) sociocultural adaptation
C) role shock (confusion)
D) functional fitness

Question 43

Lenny, a German major, has been in Frankfurt for three weeks. While he studied German in his home country, he is far from fluent, and when he tries to communicate with locals in German he feels frustrated and misunderstood. Lenny is experiencing _____________.

A) identity shock (confusion)
B) self-shock (confusion)
C) role shock (confusion)
D) language shock (confusion)

Question 44

When Hiroko travels from Japan to Europe she often experiences___________ when she is misidentified as Korean or Chinese by locals.

A) self-shock (confusion)
B) assimilation
C) reverse culture shock
D) identity expansion

Question 45

Students who have a __________________ are apt to find it ________________ to adjust in a new environment.

A) low tolerance of ambiguity; easier
B) low tolerance of ambiguity; more difficult
C) high tolerance of ambiguity; more difficult
D) high tolerance of ambiguity; more challenging

Question 46

In a new environment, if you are using a(n) __________ to function in daily life for the first time in your life, it can be very ______________ and lead to __________.

A) second language; exhausting; language fatigue
B) mediator; helpful; culture shock or confusion
C) second language; exhilarating; physical exhaustion
D) interpreter; exhausting; sociopragmatic competence

Question 47

During the _____________ phase, the U-curve model of adjustment suggests that sojourn-ers experience an increase in their level of comfort and respect for the new culture.

A) honeymoon
B) mastery
C) adjustment
D) culture shock and stress

Question 48

In the W-cure adjustment model, two stages were added:

A) Reentry culture shock and socialization
B) Reverse culture shock and reentry
C) Reentry culture shock and adaptation
D) Reverse culture shock and resocialization

Question 49

The integrative communication theory of cross-cultural adjustment depicts _________.

A) a newcomer's gradual adaptation to an unfamiliar environment
B) the individual and contextual factors that can affect a newcomer's adaptation in a new environment
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b.

Question 50

The stress-adaptation-growth dynamic is based on the idea that ________________ can gradually lead to adaptation.

A) socioemotional support
B) acculturative stress
C) ethnic group strength
D) host receptivity