Deck 6: Ethnocentricism and Othering

Question 1

Social categorization is the term used to describe the process of grouping people into con-ceptual categories in to order to make sense of our complicated world.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The objectification of another person is referred to as discrimination.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Social identity theory was developed by E.T. Hall.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An ingroup is a cohesive group that provides its members with a sense of identity.

Question 5

The expectancy violations theory refers to situations in which people give better treatment to individuals who are thought to be similar to themselves.

Question 6

Through enculturation individuals develop expectations and shared understandings of cul-tural norms in their environment.

Question 7

The term ethnorelativism refers to the tendency of people to differentiate between their ingroup and individuals who are considered outsiders.

Question 8

Ethnocentric behavior may be characterized by respect, tolerance, and appreciation of cultural difference.

Question 9

Cultural relativism refers to the stance that no one culture is inherently better than another.

Question 10

A stereotype is a statement about common trends within a group with the awareness that further information is needed to determine if this trend applies to a particular individual.

Question 11

We are born with stereotypes.

Question 12

The conditions that promote stereotypes of social roles based on gender is referred to as racism.

Question 13

Stereotypes are easy to change because many are formed in childhood.

Question 14

A bias is a personal preference which can interfere with your ability to be impartial.

Question 15

Racial discrimination refers to exclusion or preference based on race.

Question 16

Discriminatory language can take many forms (e.g., stereotypes, offensive labels).

Question 17

Malala Yousafzai is best known for her campaign to prevent age discrimination in Pakistan.

Question 18

Islamophobia and anti-Semitism are less prevalent today due to the rise of populism.

Question 19

Xenophobia refers to education policies that aim to redress the historical impact of racial phobias.

Question 20

Describe and explain the process of social categorization.

Question 21

Discuss the implications of social categorization and Othering for intercultural relations.

Question 22

Define the nature of ethnocentricism and provide examples of the actions of individuals who possess an ethnocentric mindset.

Question 23

Distinguish between a generalization and a stereotype. Provide examples of each.

Question 24

Describe the process of stereotyping and identify four reasons why people stereotype.

Question 25

Provide examples of sexist and ageist language. Explain how stereotypes can serve as barriers to intercultural communication.

Question 26

Define and provide examples of biases and prejudice.

Question 27

Describe the relationship between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. How do they differ? How do they contribute to one another?

Question 28

Identify three types of racism and provide an example of each.

Question 29

Identify and discuss four ways to combat ethnocentric tendencies and biases.

Question 30

With regard to social categorization, the act of __________ involves a three-step process involving selection, organization, and ______________.

A) stereotyping; perception
B) perception; interpretation
C) perception; categorization
D) othering; identification

Question 31

Essentialism is based on the assumption(s) that _________________.

A) group members are generally alike
B) groups can be easily identified
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 32

The roots of racism are _______________.

A) ethnocentricism, prejudice, and social class
B) ethnocentricism, prejudice, and sexual orientation
C) ethnocentricism, prejudice, and racial equality
D) ethnocentricism, prejudice, and stereotyping

Question 33

The ___________ theory suggests that it is natural for people to seek ways to strengthen their ___________.

A) social identity; self-esteem
B) communication accommodation; religious identity
C) social identity; spiritual identity
D) identity negotiation; outgroup membership

Question 34

People who possess a __________ tend to more fully adopt the __________ associated with their ingroup.

A) weak ingroup identification; beliefs
B) weak ingroup identification; language and communication style
C) strong ingroup identification; behaviors and values
D) strong outgroup identification; behaviors and values

Question 35

Individuals with an ______________ mindset view people from other linguistic and cul-tural backgrounds as ___________.

A) ethnorelative; superior
B) ethnorelative; inferior
C) ethnocentric; superior
D) ethnocentric; inferior

Question 36

If we are ____________, we assume that our ____________ is (are) central to all reality.

A) open-minded; beliefs
B) ethnocentric; worldview
C) ethnorelative; ways of being
D) inclusive; ethnic group values

Question 37

_____________ individuals may talk to second language speakers using a ____________ tone.

A) Ethnocentric; respectful
B) Ethnorelative; disrespectful
C) Ethnocentric; patronizing
D) Ethnorelative; patronizing

Question 38

___________ can lead to the use of ____________ that perpetuates _______________.

A) Stereotyping; language; overgeneralizations
B) Racism; racist discourse; human rights
C) Xenophobia; discriminatory language; religious equality
D) Bias; discourse; equal power relations

Question 39

People have a tendency to stereotype_______________.

A) to accentuate intergroup differences
B) to rapidly process new details about a situation
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 40

Gregory believes that women are too emotional to run a department. This is an example of _______________.

A) gender appreciation
B) gender stereotyping
C) sexist language
D) oppression

Question 41

_____________ involves categorizing individuals into groups according to their _______ and then attributing certain characteristics to all people of that ___________.

A) Sexist language; sex; gender
B) Ageist stereotyping; age; age group
C) Racism; ethnicity; ethnic group
D) Sexism; gender; age group

Question 42

_______________ generally ignore the __________ nature of identities.

A) Stereotypes; multifaceted
B) Generalizations; single
C) Stereotypes; single
D) Generalizations; static

Question 43

_______________ serves many ____________ functions.

A) Prejudice; psychological and social
B) Prejudice; social and economic
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 44

Antonio has hated Group X since childhood. He cannot explain why but since his parents dislike them he feels the same way. He is _________________.

A) open-minded
B) ethnorelative
C) prejudiced
D) xenophobic

Question 45

______________ is the expression of ________________.

A) Sexism; sexual orientation
B) Gender discrimination; ethnorelative speech
C) Ageism; human rights
D) Discrimination; prejudice

Question 46

Young girls wish to attend school, but the village elders refuse to allow females to be edu-cated. This is an example of_______________.

A) age discrimination
B) gender discrimination
C) racial discrimination
D) ethnic discrimination

Question 47

Referring to older people as 'geriatrics' and people with cerebral palsy as 'spazzes' are examples of_____________.

A) discriminatory language
B) racist language
C) xenophobic discourse
D) biased discourse

Question 48

_____________ refers to differential access to goods and service, _______________ refers to a person's attitudes and actions which support racism, and _____________ refers to racial actions that lead to the mistreatment of people on a wide scale.

A) Institutional racism; individual racism; systemic racism
B) Institutional bias; individual bias; systemic ethnocentricism
C) Commercial racism; systemic racism; individual racism
D) Institutional racism; xenophobia; genocide

Question 49

_____________ is designed to curb racist practices and promote _____________.

A) Racist education; racist discourse
B) Anti-racist education; racist discourse
C) Anti-racist legislation; human rights
D) Racist legislation; human rights