Deck 1: Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Question 1

Match the definition with the approach to history.
the Great Man approach

A)focuses on ideas in their intellectual and disciplinary contexts
B)focuses on impact of the "spirit of the times" on the significance achieved by a person or idea in a given era
C)focuses on the eminent individuals whose ideas shaped the field
D)focuses on the social and political factors that shaped the field

Answer 1

focuses on the eminent individuals whose ideas shaped the field

Question 2

Historians who adopt sophisticated presentism argue that

A) present-day psychologists cannot draw research inspiration from past developments in the field.
B) we should avoid being overly critical of individuals or events in history.
C) in its present state, psychology is not necessarily the "correct" or "best" state of the field.
D) we should avoid a positive bias toward individuals or events in history.

Answer 2

in its present state, psychology is not necessarily the "correct" or "best" state of the field.

Question 3

Franz Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism made sense in the late eighteenth century because

A) animals were found to have magnetic currents flowing through their bodies.
B) a number of other invisible forces in nature were identified at this time.
C) it had been conclusively shown that animals could be hypnotized.
D) the use of magnets to redirect the body's natural energy was a popular medical treatment.

Answer 3

a number of other invisible forces in nature were identified at this time.

Question 4

German psychologist __________ observed that psychological ideas,including philosophies of human mind and behavior,have been around since antiquity,but that psychology as an experimentally-based scientific discipline has only been around since the mid-nineteenth century.This observation is summed up in the phrase "Psychology has a long past but only a short history."

A) Hermann Ebbinghaus
B) Gordon Allport
C) Franz Samelson
D) Gustav Fechner

Question 5

When writing history,a focus on the development of ideas in their intellectual and disciplinary context is referred to as __________,while a focus on the influence of social and political factors on the development of ideas is referred to as __________.

A) presentism; historicism
B) the interior approach; the exterior approach
C) the Great Man approach; the zeitgeist approach
D) internalism; externalism

Question 6

Match the definition with the approach to history.
internalism

A)focuses on ideas in their intellectual and disciplinary contexts
B)focuses on impact of the "spirit of the times" on the significance achieved by a person or idea in a given era
C)focuses on the eminent individuals whose ideas shaped the field
D)focuses on the social and political factors that shaped the field

Question 7

Laurel Furumoto's term new history of psychology refers to the move to histories that are more sensitive to context and reflect greater diversity.This new approach is also called

A) critical history of psychology.
B) sophisticated presentism.
C) sophisticated externalism.
D) the zeitgeist approach.

Question 8

Match the definition with the approach to history.
externalism

A)focuses on ideas in their intellectual and disciplinary contexts
B)focuses on impact of the "spirit of the times" on the significance achieved by a person or idea in a given era
C)focuses on the eminent individuals whose ideas shaped the field
D)focuses on the social and political factors that shaped the field

Question 9

As part of his efforts to establish the history of psychology as a subfield of psychology Robert I.Watson accomplished all of the following EXCEPT

A) helped establish the first graduate training program in the history and theory of psychology.
B) wrote the article "History of Psychology: A Neglected Area."
C) founded the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences.
D) established the Archives of the History of American Psychology in Akron, Ohio.

Question 10

Historical anecdotes and accounts that are oversimplified,misleading,or completely incorrect and that are passed down from one generation of textbooks to another to impart a sense of tradition is something historian of psychology Franz Samelson called

A) historiography.
B) progressivism.
C) the origin myth process.
D) new history of psychology.

Question 11

Reflexivity refers to the

A) ability to become aware our actions and to reflect upon them.
B) fact that humans possess instinctual reflexes.
C) ability to reflect on past events in history.
D) fact that nonhuman animals possess instinctual reflexes.

Question 12

In the Great Man approach to history,the focus is on

A) external factors that influenced what eminent figures in history achieved.
B) individual, eminent people who contributed significantly to the field.
C) the role of zeitgeist in an individual's contributions to the field.
D) the individual psychology of people who made significant contributions to the field.

Question 13

Historians who argue that the "spirit of the times" influenced individuals' achievements and the way in which they were received are adopting what approach to history?

A) the zeitgeist approach
B) the Great Man approach
C) the externalist approach
D) the presentist approach

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of historiography,as described in your text?

A) the theory of writing history
B) the critique of writing history
C) the methods of writing history
D) the history of writing history

Question 15

The continuity-discontinuity debate refers to disagreement

A) over whether psychological knowledge is universally applicable.
B) over whether histories of psychology should focus on external factors.
C) over whether psychological concepts have stable meanings over time.
D) over whether psychology continuously progresses toward greater truth.

Question 16

Surveying the state of the field in the 1980s,historian of psychology Laurel Furumoto observed that histories of psychology were moving beyond mere celebratory accounts of the past.The move to include more diversity in these histories is something she termed __________.

A) historicism
B) sophisticated presentism
C) historiography
D) new history of psychology

Question 17

The process whereby local or national contexts influence the development of psychology,including the way in which ideas from other contexts are imported from elsewhere and altered to fit local conditions,is referred to as

A) the continuity-discontinuity debate.
B) historicism.
C) the zeitgeist.
D) indigenization.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of studying the history of psychology,as described in the textbook?

A) allows us to step outside the discipline and see the mechanisms of psychology
B) allows us to understand the reflexive nature of psychology
C) allows us to predict future developments in psychology
D) allows us to see how ideas that now appear odd or incorrect made sense in their original context

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true about women in the history of psychology?

A) Women were in the minority in psychology until the 1980s.
B) Women have always been well represented in history of psychology textbooks.
C) Women have received doctoral-level training in psychology since the discipline began.
D) Following the First World War, women were funneled into areas of psychology consistent with traditional gender roles.

Question 20

Match the definition with the approach to history.
the zeitgeist approach

A)focuses on ideas in their intellectual and disciplinary contexts
B)focuses on impact of the "spirit of the times" on the significance achieved by a person or idea in a given era
C)focuses on the eminent individuals whose ideas shaped the field
D)focuses on the social and political factors that shaped the field

Question 21

Match the definition with the term.
historiography

A)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
B)the assumptions,history,methods,and theory of historical writing
C)the human ability to become aware of and to reflect on our actions
D)viewing historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 22

Match the definition with the approach to history.
presentism

A)argues that we cannot overcome the perspective of our present moment,that his-tory should be motivated by a desire to better understand present issues,and that the present state of the field is not necessarily "better" or more "correct"
B)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
C)moves beyond celebratory histories of great men and great ideas to reflect the field's greater diversity and contextual development
D)views and judges historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 23

Match the definition with the approach to history.
historicism

A)argues that we cannot overcome the perspective of our present moment,that his-tory should be motivated by a desire to better understand present issues,and that the present state of the field is not necessarily "better" or more "correct"
B)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
C)moves beyond celebratory histories of great men and great ideas to reflect the field's greater diversity and contextual development
D)views and judges historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 24

Match the definition with the term.
reflexivity

A)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
B)the assumptions,history,methods,and theory of historical writing
C)the human ability to become aware of and to reflect on our actions
D)viewing historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 25

Match the publication with its author.
Robert I.Watson

A)A History of Experimental Psychology
B)Founders of Modern Psychology
C)The Great Psychologist

Question 26

Match the definition with the term.
presentism

A)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
B)the assumptions,history,methods,and theory of historical writing
C)the human ability to become aware of and to reflect on our actions
D)viewing historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 27

Describe two of the benefits of studying the history of psychology.

Question 28

Match the definition with the term.
origin myth process

A)disagreements over whether psychological terms have stable meanings and con-tinuous development over time
B)historical anecdotes and accounts that are oversimplified,misleading,or com-pletely incorrect and that pass from one generation of textbooks to the next to impart a sense of tradition for the field
C)wherein local contexts influence the development of psychology,including how ideas imported from other contexts are altered to suit local conditions

Question 29

Match the definition with the term.
continuity-discontinuity debate

A)disagreements over whether psychological terms have stable meanings and con-tinuous development over time
B)historical anecdotes and accounts that are oversimplified,misleading,or com-pletely incorrect and that pass from one generation of textbooks to the next to impart a sense of tradition for the field
C)wherein local contexts influence the development of psychology,including how ideas imported from other contexts are altered to suit local conditions

Question 30

Match the definition with the approach to history.
new history of psychology

A)argues that we cannot overcome the perspective of our present moment,that his-tory should be motivated by a desire to better understand present issues,and that the present state of the field is not necessarily "better" or more "correct"
B)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
C)moves beyond celebratory histories of great men and great ideas to reflect the field's greater diversity and contextual development
D)views and judges historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 31

Match the definition with the term.
historicism

A)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
B)the assumptions,history,methods,and theory of historical writing
C)the human ability to become aware of and to reflect on our actions
D)viewing historical events from the standpoint of the present

Question 32

What is the new history of psychology?

Question 33

Match the publication with its author.
G.Stanley Hall

A)A History of Experimental Psychology
B)Founders of Modern Psychology
C)The Great Psychologist

Question 34

Match the definition with the term.
indigenization

A)disagreements over whether psychological terms have stable meanings and con-tinuous development over time
B)historical anecdotes and accounts that are oversimplified,misleading,or com-pletely incorrect and that pass from one generation of textbooks to the next to impart a sense of tradition for the field
C)wherein local contexts influence the development of psychology,including how ideas imported from other contexts are altered to suit local conditions

Question 35

Match the publication with its author.
Edwin G.Boring

A)A History of Experimental Psychology
B)Founders of Modern Psychology
C)The Great Psychologist

Question 36

Match the definition with the approach to history.
sophisticated presentism

A)argues that we cannot overcome the perspective of our present moment,that his-tory should be motivated by a desire to better understand present issues,and that the present state of the field is not necessarily "better" or more "correct"
B)efforts to understand the past as it was actually experienced by those at a given point in history
C)moves beyond celebratory histories of great men and great ideas to reflect the field's greater diversity and contextual development
D)views and judges historical events from the standpoint of the present