Deck 9: Emotion Regulation

Question 1

Which of the following does not describe an instance of emotion regulation?

A)You smile when you see your friend even though you just got bad news
B)You feel angry when you find out your sister lied to you
C)You write in your journal to get over an upsetting breakup
D)You reinterpret a stressful event in less emotional terms

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An ""automatic monitoring process"" and a ""controlled operating process"" are terms used to explain hypothesized parallel cognitive processes responsible for which phenomenon?

A)Cognitive reappraisal
B)Rebound effect
C)Expressive suppression
D)Rumination

Answer 2

B

Question 3

One explanation of the rebound effect suggests that thought inhibition requires constant monitoring for the unwanted thought, which ironically keeps it close to consciousness. What is the name for this explanation?

A)The cognitive load explanation
B)The accessibility explanation
C)The association explanation
D)The consciousness explanation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What does cognitive load have to do with the rebound effect?

A)High cognitive load causes people to inhibit thoughts more effectively by distracting them, which prevents the rebound effect
B)Cognitive load and the rebound effect are both causes of rumination, which is a maladaptive form of cognitive appraisal
C)The rebound effect is reduced by high cognitive load because it allows for richer reappraisal opportunities
D)The rebound effect is more likely to occur during times of high cognitive load because automatic monitoring continues but suppression is more difficult

Question 5

What is true about the rebound effect and emotional thoughts?

A)Suppressing emotional thoughts does not seem to cause the rebound effect, at least when cognitive resources are not heavily taxed
B)Emotional thought suppression is often associated with increased physiological arousal
C)In everyday life, emotional thought suppression is much more common than suppression of neutral thoughts
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 6

The expression discharge hypothesis posits that social sharing of emotion contributes to immediate reduction in the intensity of emotions. Based on empirical work to date, what can we conclude about this hypothesis?

A)Telling someone about an emotional experience immediately and profoundly reduces the intensity of emotions, providing benefits for psychological and physical health
B)Social sharing initially reduces the intensity of emotions about an event, but after the social interaction is over, the benefits go away
C)There is no significant relationship between social sharing and reduction of emotional intensity in the short term
D)Social sharing has paradoxically been found to make negative emotions worse, both in the short and long term

Question 7

Talking about emotional events with others can help people process and make meaning out of those events. They will either integrate the emotional event into their existing emotional schema and narratives or modify their schema in order to adjust to a new reality. What are the terms that refer to this integration and modification, respectively?

A)Assimilation and accommodation
B)Acceptance and resistance
C)Reintegration and reframing
D)Acquisition and evolution

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors does not help people recovering from emotionally intense events, according to existing evidence?

A)Journal writing
B)Rumination
C)Social sharing
D)Self-distancing

Question 9

People will tend to use some emotion regulation strategies more than others. Regular use of which emotion regulation strategy is most associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes?

A)Expressive suppression
B)Putting into perspective
C)Self-distancing
D)Acceptance

Question 10

What does the term catastrophizing refer to?

A)Intentionally seeking out negative experiences to validate low self-esteem
B)Engaging in cruel downward social comparison to improve your own mood
C)Blaming yourself for a negative event
D)Explicitly emphasizing the negativity of an event and thinking it is far worse than it is

Question 11

Which of the following emotion regulation strategies could be seen as the opposite of focalism in affective forecasting theory?

A)Refocusing on planning
B)Acceptance
C)Putting into perspective
D)Self-blame

Question 12

Crystal discovers that when she is emotionally overwhelmed, it is helpful to imagine she is an observer watching herself in the situation, and to even think about herself in the third person. It makes everything seem less overwhelming. What emotion regulation strategy has she stumbled upon?

A)Acceptance
B)Self-distancing
C)Other blame
D)Observer simulation

Question 13

Research in participants from East Asian cultures has highlighted the cultural relativity of some findings regarding emotion regulation strategies. What in particular have researchers learned about expressive suppression in East Asian and Western cultures?

A)East Asian cultures tend to discourage open and free expression of all felt emotions, compared to Western cultures
B)Westerners tend to disclose distress and ask for support more than East Asians
C)While expressive suppression increases arousal and does not decrease subjective feelings during an emotion state in Westerners, the same is not true in East Asians
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above are true

Question 14

Which of the following is not identified as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy?

A)Positive reappraisal
B)Positive refocus
C)Putting into perspective
D)Acceptance
E)All of the above are adaptive strategies

Question 15

What is the rebound effect as described by Daniel Wegner?

A)Actively trying to suppress an unwanted thought can cause it to come into consciousness more frequently
B)Cognitive reappraisal causes the original framing of an emotional event to become even stronger
C)Trying to suppress an emotion expression like laughter causes it to occur with even greater intensity
D)Social sharing of emotion can cause the interaction partner to feel the expresser's emotion

Question 16

Which of the following is a cost of using expressive suppression to regulate emotion, at least in Western cultures?

A)Reduced recall for events that occurred during expressive suppression
B)Increased sympathetic arousal
C)Perceived by others as distracted and unresponsive
D)Long-term suppression is associated with marital dissatisfaction
E)All of the above

Question 17

You are feeling sad, and you don't like the way that feels, so you try various emotion regulation strategies to make yourself feel good. What type of emotion regulation motive is this an example of?

A)Hedonic motivation
B)Instrumental motivation
C)Pro-social motivation
D)Self-protection motivation

Question 18

You got an A on a recent exam but your good friend got a C-. In order to protect her feelings, you suppress your smile and hide your happiness from her. What type of emotion regulation motive is this an example of?

A)Hedonic motivation
B)Instrumental motivation
C)Pro-social motivation
D)Self-protection motivation

Question 19

You're a soccer player, and before each game you get yourself pumped up by thinking about things that make you angry about the other team. What type of emotion regulation motive is this an example of?

A)Hedonic motivation
B)Instrumental motivation
C)Pro-social motivation
D)Self-protection motivation

Question 20

What term is used to describe emotion regulation strategies that involve attempts to control or modify an emotion before it has even been elicited?

A)A priori emotion regulation
B)Anticipatory emotion regulation
C)Primary emotion regulation
D)Antecedent-focused emotion regulation

Question 21

What term is used to describe emotion regulation strategies that involve modification of emotion components when the emotion experience is already occurring?

A)Reactive emotion regulation
B)Post hoc emotion regulation
C)Response-focused emotion regulation
D)Suppressive emotion regulation

Question 22

Which of the following scenarios is an example of situation selection as an emotion regulation strategy?

A)You plan a fun get-together with friends that you know will make you happy
B)When you're feeling upset you think back on times when you were happy
C)When you're in an unpleasant situation you shift your attentional focus to more pleasant features of your environment
D)You reappraise your interpretation of a situation so that it is not so negative
E)All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following scenarios is an example of attentional deployment as an emotion regulation strategy?

A)You plan a fun get-together with friends that you know will make you happy
B)When you're feeling upset you think back on times when you were happy
C)When you're in an unpleasant situation you shift your attentional focus to more pleasant features of your environment
D)You reappraise your interpretation of a situation so that it is not so negative

Question 24

Which of the following emotion regulation strategies is considered to be response-focused?

A)Attentional deployment
B)Situation selection
C)Cognitive change
D)Expressive suppression
E)All of the above

Question 25

Which of the following emotion regulation strategies is considered to be antecedent-focused?

A)Situation modification
B)Expressive suppression
C)Regulation of physiological arousal
D)Rumination
E)All of the above

Question 26

Relaxing during social interactions by drinking alcohol is an example of which of the following emotion regulation strategies?

A)Cognitive change
B)Regulation of physiological arousal
C)Situation selection
D)Expressive suppression

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of cognitive reappraisal?

A)You repeatedly think about a past mistake, ruminating on how you wish you could undo it
B)You suppress emotional thoughts about an ex
C)You distract yourself from worrying about an upcoming interview by replacing those thoughts with thoughts of candy
D)You reduce your anger towards your friend by thinking that maybe they didn't hurt your feelings on purpose
E)All of the above are examples of cognitive reappraisal

Question 28

Gross and Levenson (1997) studied expressive suppression in a laboratory study. What did they find?

A)Participants were able to reduce expression of positive and negative emotions, but did not completely inhibit facial movements
B)Expressive suppression was associated with increased sympathetic arousal
C)Participants suppressing their expressions self-reported no felt affect, across emotion conditions
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 29

What are the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on cognitive functioning?

A)Both forms of emotion regulation are largely automatic and therefore do not affect cognitive functions like attention and memory
B)Both forms of emotion regulation require cognitive resources and constant self-monitoring, so they both reduce cognitive functioning
C)Expressive suppression is cognitively taxing and impairs memory of external events, while reappraisal does not
D)Reappraisal is cognitively taxing and reduces people's ability to perceive and attend to environmental cues, while suppression does not

Question 30

As people get older, they start to rely on some emotion regulation strategies more than others. Which of the following statements is true about emotion regulation in older adults?

A)They tend to rely more on strategies like situation selection that prevent negative emotion experiences, rather than strategies like expressive suppression that attempt to reduce ongoing emotions
B)They tend to have better control over their emotion expression because they have a lot of experience suppressing their emotions
C)They engage in more catastrophizing than younger adults because they often suffer from health issues, and this results in them having lower average subjective well-being than younger adults
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above