Deck 16: Americas Global Role in the Twenty-First Century

Question 1

The idea that the United States had the right to expand across the entire continent is known as ___.

A) Monroe Doctrine
B) Manifest Destiny
C) Truman Doctrine
D) The Rule of Law

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Attempts to contain the spread of communism was supported by the ___.

A) Monroe Doctrine
B) Rule of Law
C) Realist Theory
D) Truman Doctrine

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Realists want the United States to promote its own prosperity and also to do what?

A) Promote values
B) Increase security
C) Develop hard power
D) Both the last two of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Idealists are mostly associated with which type of power?

A) Hard
B) Soft
C) Reflexive
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is an asset of soft power?

A) Values
B) Culture
C) Prosperity
D) All of the above

Question 6

What position did the American colonies occupy in the Old World Order?

A) They were prizes over which the great European empires fought over during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
B) They were power brokers unto themselves in the great imperial contests in the Age of Discovery
C) They were semi-autonomous minor powers in the first period of imperial consolidation from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
D) None of the above

Question 7

What did the Monroe Doctrine claim as far as the United States' role in the western hemisphere?

A) It set the non-colonial portion of the western hemisphere as a sphere of influence for itself by forbidding further European colonization of it
B) It set the non-colonial portion of the Pacific rim as a sphere of influence for itself by forbidding further European encroachments on it
C) It established Latin America as a place for future American colonization
D) It claimed Canada as a U.S. territory

Question 8

Which region of North America was impacted through migration by the pronouncement of Manifest Destiny?

A) The East
B) The West
C) The South
D) The Mid-West

Question 9

Which country's trade policies was the target of the United States' Open Door Policy?

A) Japan
B) The Philippines
C) Puerto Rico
D) China

Question 10

What was the Cold War?

A) A period of open warfare between the United States and the Soviet Union
B) A period of alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union in confrontation with the Axis Powers
C) A period of continuous hostility, but not actual warfare, between the United States and the Soviet Union
D) None of the above, inasmuch as there was not Cold War

Question 11

Identify containment in the context of the Cold War.

A) U.S. policy to contain Soviet power by strengthening U.S. allies on the periphery of the Soviet empire
B) U.S. policy to roll back Soviet power by strengthening guerilla movements in communist bloc countries
C) U.S. policy to selectively engage in areas of strategic and humanitarian interest in order to promote democratic-capitalism abroad
D) U.S. policy to guide the formation of a new world order so as to promote democratic-capitalism abroad by taking advantage of the peace dividend with the climax of super power struggle at the end of the Cold War

Question 12

What did the Truman Doctrine declare as being vital to the interests of the United States?

A) Pledging support to communist states in order to offset the influence of the USSR
B) Pledging support to non-communist forces in order to keep the influence of domestic and foreign communism within countries at bay
C) The same thing as the Marshall Plan
D) All of the above

Question 13

The foreign policy of deterrence referred to ___.

A) the Monroe Doctrine's warning that attempts by European powers to establish new colonies in the Americas would be be viewed as hostile to U.S. interests in the region
B) the Cold War era idea of building up such a huge arsenal of nuclear and conventional weapons that conflict would be too dangerous for either the U.S. or the USSR to initiate
C) the Bush Doctrine's recognition that assaults on American interests from failed states and global terrorism violate U.S. sovereignty, thus its foreign policy will put preemption at the center
D) the Obama National Security Strategy, which included diplomatic efforts with traditional friends or adversaries and strengthened international institutions, such as the UN and NATO

Question 14

Why was NATO formed?

A) As a response to 9/11
B) As a response to Pearl Harbor
C) As a response to the cold war
D) As a response to World War II

Question 15

Why was the United Nations formed in 1945?

A) As an international organization to serve as a forum for discussing international issues with major peace enforcing responsibilities
B) As an international organization to serve as a forum for discussing international issues with major peacekeeping responsibilities
C) As a world governing council with major peace enforcing responsibilities
D) None of the above

Question 16

What international trade organization has replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

A) The GATT is still in effect
B) The UN
C) The World Trade Organization
D) The International Trade Organization

Question 17

What was the Bush Doctrine?

A) Promotion of an active role for the United States in post-cold war new world order by expanding freedom and markets
B) Promotion of a selective engagement policy relative to U.S. interests in promoting democratic-capitalism
C) Identification of the Middle East as an area within the strategic interests of the United States
D) Promotion of national sovereignty, security, and supremacy even with the employment of preventive war as a military tactic to ensure the continuance of these principles

Question 18

What organization exerts more control over the international price of oil than any other?

A) Exxon
B) British Petroleum
C) OPEC
D) WTO

Question 19

The oldest and most developed major trading bloc in the world is the

A) North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
B) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
C) European Free Trade Association
D) European Community (now the European Union)

Question 20

Who is widely considered to have been a key contributor to the development of the U.S. policy of "containment"?

A) George Kennan
B) George Marshall
C) Harry Truman
D) All of the above

Question 21

What assets are associated with hard power and hence of importance regarding foreign policy?

A) Military power alone
B) Economic and military power
C) Values and culture itself
D) All of the above

Question 22

How was the international system characterized during the cold war? Is it still characterized that way?

A) As bipolar; yes it still is
B) As multipolar; yes it still is
C) As unipolar; no it is not
D) As bipolar; no it is not

Question 23

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were both a part of what U.S. foreign policy strategy?

A) Containment
B) The New Look
C) Flexible Response
D) Triangulation

Question 24

Of the three pillars that came out of the Bretton Woods Conference, which institution was designed to reconstruct the western European countries in the wake of the infrastructural devastation caused by the World War II?

A) The IMF
B) The World Bank
C) The GATT
D) The ITO

Question 25

Which international institution was largely impeded by the superpowers from functioning effectively as a conflict resolution device?

A) The IMF
B) NATO
C) The UN
D) The Group of 77

Question 26

In the last quarter of the twentieth century, three super economies formed in Europe, North America, and Asia. This suggests that economically speaking the world can be thought of as what regarding the distribution of power?

A) Bipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Multipolar
D) Omnipolar

Question 27

Has preventive war been a long standing part of American foreign policy?

Question 28

Has supremacy been a long standing part of American foreign policy?

Question 29

After which war did the United States assume its responsibilities as a world power?

A) The Civil War
B) World War II
C) World War I
D) The Spanish-American War

Question 30

The United States accounts for what percentage of world spending on armaments?

A) Approximately one-half
B) About one-quarter
C) Nearly one-tenth
D) Just about three-quarters

Question 31

Military spending since 2001 has increased by what percentage in the United States?

A) 40 percent
B) More than 50 percent
C) 0 percent
D) It has not increased, it has decreased

Question 32

What has caused some to label the U.S. military a "broken force?"

A) Excessive troop commitments
B) It has not been labeled a broken force by anyone
C) Ideological opposition to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
D) None of the above

Question 33

Why was the Bush Doctrine an important element in the history of U.S. foreign policymaking?

A) It was actually not at all important
B) It was actually a domestic policy doctrine not a foreign one
C) It was the largest reassessment of U.S. foreign policy since the Truman administration
D) It was the largest reassessment of U.S. foreign policy since the first Bush administration

Question 34

After independence, what was the doctrine of U.S. foreign policy as stated by George Washington?

A) Dependency
B) Independency
C) Neutrality
D) Idealism

Question 35

During his two administrations, President Obama had been ___.

A) more comfortable working to solve complex problems through force rather than through diplomacy
B) less comfortable working to solve complex problems through diplomacy rather than through force
C) more comfortable working to solve complex problems through diplomacy rather than through force
D) None of the above.

Question 36

During the 2016 presidential campaign Donald Trump promised that he would ___.

A) negotiate a ceasefire with ISIS
B) restore torture to the national security took kit
C) engage in nation-building in Syria
D) all of the above

Question 37

In 2016 Great Britain left the European Union as a result of ___.

A) a vote of the British public to exit the EU
B) a vote of the House of Commons to withdraw from the EU
C) a vote of the members of the EU to expel Great Britain
D) a vote of the United Nations to demand that Great Britain leave

Question 38

Which one of the following individuals declared that waterboarding "absolutely works" and that he or she would approve even more drastic measures in order to "fight fire with fire"?

A) Barack Obama
B) Hillary Clinton
C) Donald Trump
D) John McCain

Question 39

Which one of the following individuals declared that "We are not bringing torture back in the United States of America"?

A) Barack Obama
B) Hillary Clinton
C) Donald Trump
D) John McCain

Question 40

The PPP, another measure of global productivity, stands for ___.

A) property privatization power
B) prime purchasing possibility
C) purchasing power parity
D) parity peak privatization

Question 41

Another measure of global productivity is called "purchasing power parity" because it adjusts for the ___.

A) trade imbalances and uneven deficits
B) comparative advantage of national GDPs
C) degree of national carbon footprints
D) purchasing power of various currencies

Question 42

One of Donald Trump's first actions as president was to withdraw from the ___.

A) NAFTA
B) CAFTA
C) TPP
D) NATO

Question 43

In May 2017, President Trump announced the U.S. withdrawal from the ___.

A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) Paris Climate agreement
C) Iran Nuclear Weapons agreement
D) Trans-Pacific Partnership

Question 44

President Trump's 2017 UN speech, wherein he stated that the United States may "have no choice but to totally destroy North Korea," was ___.

A) praised by liberals and criticized by conservatives
B) praised by conservatives and criticized by liberals
C) praised by both liberals and conservatives
D) criticized by both liberals and conservatives

Question 45

Which one of the following objectives was NOT included in President Trump's National Security Strategy?

A) preserve peace through strength
B) protect the American people, the homeland, and the American way of life
C) new national security approach to rebuild U.S. ties to international organizations
D) promote American prosperity

Question 46

As one of the world's major military superpowers, the U.S. must also address interrelated issues, including ___.

A) income
B) energy
C) population
D) All of the above

Question 47

During his administration, Barack Obama's foreign policy met which two of the following objectives?

A) led the eventual collapse of Syria
B) reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba
C) aggressively confronted the rise of ISIS
D) negotiated a limit on Iran's nuclear weapons program

Question 48

President Trump expressed skepticism of multilateral free trade agreements like _______and ___.

A) NATO
B) TPP
C) UN
D) NAFTA

Question 49

Idealists argue that democracy will naturally spread throughout the world without the action of individual nation-states.

Question 50

Realists are interested in promoting pan-national values and cooperation among states.

Question 51

The IMF monitors exchange rates.

Question 52

The World Bank allows international corporations to keep their money beyond the national borders of their headquarters.

Question 53

President Trump and many of his foreign policy advisors thought of themselves as realists.

Question 54

The Obama administration worked hard to rebuild relations with the UN of which the Trump administration is also supportive.

Question 55

Republican President Donald Trump emphasized defense of the global order while Republican Senator John McCain emphasized withdrawal from a post-World War II globalist vision.

Question 56

Developed nations account for 20 percent of the world's population yet consume 66 percent of the world's goods and services.

Question 57

Explain the arguments surrounding Executive Order 13440 and President Obama's "Ensuring Lawful Interrogations" executive order.

Question 58

Explain the role of hard and soft power in American foreign policy.

Question 59

Which is more important in the 21st century: Economic or military power?

Question 60

Using evidence from the text, discuss how President Obama will/has employ/employed the military and economic powers of the United States to conduct foreign policy.

Question 61

How did U.S. foreign policy develop during the cold war?

Question 62

Discuss the evolution of the current multipolar international political economic environment.

Question 63

Compare and contrast hard and soft power by arguing which one you favor as a guiding instrument of U.S. foreign policy. You may argue for the use of both; but, if you do so, make sure to acknowledge ways that the two kinds of power can conflict with each other. Be sure to include evidence drawn from the text.

Question 64

How will/has President Obama be/been different or the same regarding international economic and social policy-making than President George W. Bush? Be sure to include evidence from the text in support of your answer to this question.

Question 65

Why is world population such a major burden on development issues involving the United States?

Question 66

Explicate the basic principles of the Bush Doctrine.

Question 67

During the administration of George W. Bush torture was actively used by intelligence agencies in an attempt to obtain information to fight more effectively in the War on Terror. Yet, the information obtained turned out to be of minimal value. During his administration, Barack Obama significantly curtailed the use of torture in favor of other means to fight terror. And during his administration, Donald Trump advocated the need to restore the use of torture to fight effectively against terror. What national interests and values would be served or harmed by official government use of torture? Are there other means to achieve the same objectives? Why or why not?

Question 68

Discuss the arguments for why President Donald Trump emphasized withdrawal from a post-World War II globalist vision, while Senator John McCain emphasized defense of the global order. Which one do you find more convincing, and why?

Question 69

President Trump's National Security Strategy argued that its four pillars would again make America strong enough, economically and militarily, to be secure at home and to lead abroad. And yet, President Trump also emphasized the need to withdraw from a post-World War II globalist vision. Were these two positions compatible? Why or why not?

Question 70

Discuss why the United States, as one of the world's major military superpowers, must also address issues of income, energy, and population when developing national security policies.

Question 71

Should the United States play the role of "world policeman"? Why or why not?

Question 72

Is it fair to say that the United States has been an expansionist power throughout its history?

Question 73

What were our post-World War II political, economic and military strategies in relation to Western Europe, the Soviet Union, and Japan?

Question 74

How does the United States wield its overwhelming economic and military power in the world today?

Question 75

What responsibilities, if any, do the wealthy nations of the world have to the poorer nations?

Question 76

In light of our cultural, economic and military resources, what place should the United States seek to create for itself in the world of the twenty-first century?