Deck 6: Culture and Worldview

Question 1

In a Universalism-Particularism dichotomy, people define dilemmas based upon different cultural norms. ___________ is based on exceptions, circumstances, and relations, while ___________ is based on rules, codes, laws, and generalizations.

A) Universalism….Particularism
B) Secularism…Particularism
C) Particularism…Universalism
D) Partiality…Universalism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A stereotype is a belief about a person or group that puts everyone into a category. Which of the following statements reflect a stereotype:

A) With stereotypes, you tend to reject contradictory information.
B) You use selective perception and refuse to change your attitudes.
C) Stereotypes are rigid generalizations about people or groups.
D) B and C
E) A, B and C

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Kashmir vs. Sweden: The United Nations appointed a Swedish army officer as an observer in Kashmir. The officer and his family moved into a houseboat on the river in Srinagar, the capital of the provincE. As has been customary for Europeans working in Kashmir, the family employed a local woman to take care of all of the family's household services during their stay. The housekeeper was always helpful and took care of their needs.
The family was very pleased with her work, and after a short time decided to give her a raisE. Surprisingly, the housekeeper did not turn up for work the next day, and her younger sibling arrived in her placE. On her new higher salary, the previous helper had employed her younger brother to work for the military family. With the raise she could maintain her standard of living and help her brother.
-Consistent with the Kashmiri helper being a Hindu, she did not believe that she could improve her standard of living in her lifetime. So by being good and not disturbing the harmony of her circumstances, she believed he could be reincarnated into a higher position in her next life.
This natural tendency to accept life with no expectation for either improvement or material goods contrasts sharply with the Swedish family's notion of working hard to achieve personal goals and improve one's material lot in this life. The Swedes' surprise at seeing the younger Kashmiri sibling arrive for work reflects this contrast. Regarding what we learned from the Kluckhohn/Strodtbeck cultural values model, this story is most accurately an example of the differences in:

A) Masculinity and Femininity
B) Flexibility and Achievement
C) Individualism and Collectivism
D) Doing and Being

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Fatalism can be understood as a belief system in which people understand that events in their lives are totally determined by the outside world and that 'there is nothing they can do about it'. The COI Orientation that explains this orientation as:

A) Environment
B) Constraint
C) Control
D) Fixed

Question 5

If a receptionist acts as a gatekeeper and says to you, "I don't care if you are the President of the United States, you are NOT going to speak to the boss!" this would be a rule's based _____________response.

A) Sarcastic
B) Particularistic
C) Universalistic
D) Hedonistic

Question 6

Kluckhohn was an anthropologist who did work with the Navajo Indians in the 1940s and 1950s. He believed that cross-cultural understanding and communication could be facilitated by analyzing a given culture's orientation to five key aspects of human life. These five orientations are:
-____Do we live in the past, present or future?

A) Social relations
B) Activity
C) Time sense
D) People and nature
E) Human nature

Question 7

Kluckhohn was an anthropologist who did work with the Navajo Indians in the 1940s and 1950s. He believed that cross-cultural understanding and communication could be facilitated by analyzing a given culture's orientation to five key aspects of human life. These five orientations are:
-____Belief about basic human nature - how we view good/evil

A) Social relations
B) Activity
C) Time sense
D) People and nature
E) Human nature

Question 8

Kluckhohn was an anthropologist who did work with the Navajo Indians in the 1940s and 1950s. He believed that cross-cultural understanding and communication could be facilitated by analyzing a given culture's orientation to five key aspects of human life. These five orientations are:
-____Belief about harmony with nature; or mastery over nature

A) Social relations
B) Activity
C) Time sense
D) People and nature
E) Human nature

Question 9

Kluckhohn was an anthropologist who did work with the Navajo Indians in the 1940s and 1950s. He believed that cross-cultural understanding and communication could be facilitated by analyzing a given culture's orientation to five key aspects of human life. These five orientations are:
-____Are we in a state of being or doing?

A) Social relations
B) Activity
C) Time sense
D) People and nature
E) Human nature

Question 10

Kluckhohn was an anthropologist who did work with the Navajo Indians in the 1940s and 1950s. He believed that cross-cultural understanding and communication could be facilitated by analyzing a given culture's orientation to five key aspects of human life. These five orientations are:
-____What are the bonds and affiliations of people in a society? Are they collective, individual?

A) Social relations
B) Activity
C) Time sense
D) People and nature
E) Human nature

Question 11

Stereotypes can be grouped into the following categories

A) Positive, negative, and neutral
B) Positive, negative, and untrue
C) Negative, neutral, and pleasant
D) Negative, neutral, and untrue

Question 12

Stereotypes are mental categories also known as _______________ which are useful tools that help us categorize what is unfamiliar or complex.

A) Imaginary maps
B) Cognitive/mental maps
C) Identifier maps
D) Cultural maps

Question 13

The concept of stereotypes comes from the historical development in _________.

A) Painting
B) Publishing
C) Producing
D) printing

Question 14

We all try to sort out and categorize the world with mental processes that are predictable and easy to manage. When we overgeneralize, this is called

A) super generalizing
B) mind-mapping
C) mental-mapping
D) stereotyping

Question 15

Prototypes are physical representations based on general characteristics that are not fixed and rigid but rather are open to new definition.

Question 16

Value Trumping - Recognition that in specific contexts certain sets of values take precedence over others.

Question 17

Paradox: a statement that seems to be untrue but is in fact true

Question 18

World view: A collection of beliefs about life and the universe

Question 19

Five orientations regarding human values: people, place, time, groups, actions

Question 20

Universalism: is about finding exceptions. When no rules fit, figure it out on its own merit.

Question 21

Particularism: is about rules. When no rules fit, find a rule to figure it out.
B. False
Human Nature is the deepest level of culture according to Hofstede?because of human nature, there are many behaviors and understandings that all people share even though they come from different cultures True False