Deck 3: Culture Product and Guide to Life in Society

Question 1

Cultural relativity requires tolerance and understanding of cultural features as they appear in their societal settings.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A jail sentence is a positive unofficial sanction.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Our biological heritage has enabled us to create culture, just as other animals developed their own cultures.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Culture provides people with patterns of organized behavior.

Question 5

Language plays a significant part in the development and transmission of culture.

Question 6

The automobile is an example of nonmaterial culture.

Question 7

The violation of norms is punished by the society as a whole.

Question 8

Folkways regulate significant areas of human life.

Question 9

Folkway violations are severely punished by the society.

Question 10

Baseball is a culture complex in American society.

Question 11

Religion is an institution that emerged to reduce people's fear of the unknown and to add purpose to life.

Question 12

Ethnocentrism suggests that there are no universal norms or moral absolutes.

Question 13

Differences among human groups derive from the fact that we have a number of different ancestors.

Question 14

Each society develops a distinct culture, but all cultures share similarities.

Question 15

Folkways, mores, taboos, and laws are all part of material culture.

Question 16

Some official negative sanctions may deprive people of life and liberty.

Question 17

The cognitive component of cultures is the most important because it includes rules for behavior.

Question 18

A counterculture is a group in society that adopts a value system and goals that are in basic agreement to those of the larger culture.

Question 19

The goal of cultural relativity is to accept and cherish the cultural values of others.

Question 20

It is safe to say that more people practice ethnocentrism than cultural relativity.

Question 21

Many more people conform to social norms than do not.

Question 22

Social control is unnecessary in a free democratic society.

Question 23

Positive sanctions are used as methods of social control.

Question 24

Ethnocentrism means to analyze a culture on its own terms.

Question 25

Americans are likely to experience culture shock:

A) every time a new administration comes into office
B) when they inadvertently see a pornographic movie
C) when they come in contact with an unfamiliar culture
D) when they witness atrocities committed in wars

Question 26

The double standard in the behavior of people in society is acknowledged by the existence of a(n):

A) overt and covert culture
B) moral and immoral culture
C) legal and illegal culture
D) ethical and unethical culture

Question 27

Some American Indians cannot express the idea of time in their tribal languages. This fact shows that:

A) their culture is still at a primitive stage
B) they have not yet reached the industrial stage of evolution when time is money
C) they do not understand deferred gratification and they focus on the present
D) time is not an important value in their culture

Question 28

The development of modern culture is CHIEFLY the result of:

A) bifocalism
B) upright posture
C) grasping ability of the hand
D) complex brain development
E) complex symbolic communication

Question 29

Norms are essentially:

A) what is right
B) what is most feared
C) rules for behavior
D) systems of rewards and punishment

Question 30

The most important category of norms for maintaining social order are:

A) folkways
B) mores
C) customs
D) traditions

Question 31

Which type of norms is most easily changed or modified?

A) folkways
B) mores
C) laws
D) taboos

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a culture trait?

A) the family
B) marriage
C) wedding rings
D) exchanging wedding vows
E) BOTH rings and exchanging wedding vows

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a culture complex?

A) a football
B) goal posts
C) team uniforms
D) playing football

Question 34

Systems of beliefs and behavior designed to meet basic human needs are called:

A) the welfare system
B) religions
C) government
D) institutions

Question 35

Cultural relativity ideally implies:

A) that moral values different from one's own are all wrong
B) everyone's crazy except you and me (and I'm not sure about you!)
C) mindless acceptance of all cultural values of others
D) tolerance and respect for the cultural values of others

Question 36

The most important differences among humans are based on:

A) biology
B) species separation
C) culture
D) physical aspect

Question 37

Culture is the basis of:

A) human social life
B) not only human, but also ant society
C) all animal groups
D) none of the above

Question 38

Culture is based on:

A) instinct
B) simple learning only
C) learning through symbols
D) genetic heredity

Question 39

Language:

A) helps humans to cooperate
B) passes on knowledge from generation to generation
C) reflects changes in society
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 40

Sapir and Whorf believe that:

A) the structure of a language shapes a people's view of the world
B) language has no part in mental attitudes
C) languages are limited to the number of words for any given object
D) preverbal communication is more important than verbal

Question 41

Biological factors, which make the development of culture possible, include:

A) vision in depth
B) opposable thumb
C) erect walking posture
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 42

Material culture:

A) has no relation to symbols
B) illustrates the evolution of tools and includes all objects made by humans
C) is of limited importance to humans
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 43

Knowing the workings of a car engine represents which kind of knowledge?

A) normative
B) cognitive
C) rule oriented
D) value oriented

Question 44

Norms are:

A) internalized in most cases
B) guidelines for human behavior
C) reflections of values
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 45

Burning your neighbor's house down is considered a serious offense. It is a violation of:

A) folkways
B) mores
C) manners
D) taboos

Question 46

Love of success, peace, and God are American:

A) norms
B) folkways
C) values
D) mores

Question 47

In the United States:

A) values, norms, and beliefs are always in agreement
B) values, norms, and beliefs are unimportant
C) values, norms, and beliefs are often in conflict
D) people value and believe what they please because it's a free country

Question 48

In the United States, an example of a taboo is:

A) making money
B) marrying a sister
C) gambling
D) climbing Mt. Rushmore

Question 49

Laws are:

A) informal norms
B) formal norms enforced by the state
C) casual folkways
D) less important than folkways

Question 50

People often accept social control based on:

A) positive sanctions
B) negative sanctions
C) harsh rules
D) violence

Question 51

There is a tendency for people to:

A) rebel against group norms
B) accept group norms
C) respond only to negative sanctions
D) respond only to violence

Question 52

Americans proclaim the need for honesty but tend to cheat on their tax returns. This situation indicates that:

A) the overt culture is consistent
B) Americans often follow a covert culture in actual behavior
C) there is no covert culture in the United States
D) people are only human

Question 53

A culture complex is:

A) one cultural trait
B) a psychological condition
C) a cluster of traits centered around a common activity
D) a theater, symphony hall, and museum

Question 54

Institutions are:

A) unimportant
B) found among all animals
C) traditional habits centering around fundamental human needs
D) places like schools and banks

Question 55

Which is an example of a pivotal social institution?

A) A rock band
B) The economy
C) A jail
D) A symphony orchestra

Question 56

To say that American music is the best in the world is an example of:

A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural relativity
C) the truth
D) a value

Question 57

Cultural universals include:

A) personal adornment
B) music
C) food taboos
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 58

Which is an example of a subculture?

A) American culture
B) teenage customs
C) French culture
D) Kiwi culture

Question 59

A counterculture:

A) emphasizes math
B) is based in stores
C) opposes values of the mainstream culture
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 60

Most animal behavior is determined by:

A) symbolic interaction
B) a system of symbols
C) biology and instinct
D) animal culture

Question 61

The principal difference between people and other animals is that:

A) animals are larger and stronger
B) people communicate with symbols while animals communicate with signals
C) biology dictates human behavior while instincts direct animal behavior
D) people live in families while animals live in tribes

Question 62

The most essential element of culture is:

A) cooperation
B) group activities
C) a warning system
D) language

Question 63

When does a society need laws?

A) when people commit too many sins
B) when the court system declares that they are needed
C) when the folkways and mores are not sufficient to control behavior
D) when it is necessary to create folkways and mores

Question 64

The cognitive component of culture:

A) includes knowledge, beliefs, and technology
B) is made up of rules for behavior
C) consists of values and morals
D) is part of material culture

Question 65

Which of the following is an example of material culture?

A) A football game
B) The football itself
C) The NFL rules
D) "competition is good for you"

Question 66

"Personal space" is defined differently in different societies. Therefore, we can say that:

A) culture shapes both verbal and nonverbal behavior
B) personal space is controlled genetically
C) many people have no manners
D) nonverbal behavior is not part of culture

Question 67

The evaluation that a certain phenomenon is good, beautiful, moral, right, and therefore desirable is termed a:

A) norm
B) guideline
C) folkway
D) value

Question 68

Humans depend on others for full development and generally live in groups. They are:

A) cultural
B) social
C) intelligent
D) symbolic

Question 69

"Head hunting is wrong." This statement is made from the point of view of:

A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural relativity
C) ethnic uniformity
D) cultural pride

Question 70

When we refer to how people really behave:

A) we use statistical norms
B) we refer to the ideal norms
C) we speak of mores
D) we use folkways

Question 71

Ethnocentrism refers to:

A) an attitude with which members of one society judge another society according to their own standards
B) the attitude that cultures be analyzed on their own terms
C) the attitude that certain values and practices are common to all cultures
D) all of the above

Question 72

The attitude of some Americans toward the minorities in their midst shows:

A) culture shock
B) the importance of culture
C) cultural superiority
D) cultural relativity

Question 73

Individualism includes the following notions:

A) that if each individual pursues his or her own interest, the public good automatically emerges
B) the reaction to utilitarian individualism symbolized by the abandonment of the pursuit of wealth in favor of self-cultivation
C) the belief that the New World was a place where the individual could get ahead on his or her own initiative
D) all of the above

Question 74

Pivotal institutions:

A) arise from fundamental human needs
B) include government, the economy, education, the family, and religion
C) differ in traits and culture complexes from society to society
D) all of the above

Question 75

If culture is comparable to a script for a play, then:

A) individuals may be compared to playwrights
B) the economy may be compared to the director
C) society may be compared to a troupe of actors
D) social scientists may be compared to stage hands

Question 76

Human life is acted out within a triangle of:

A) rules, roles, and norms
B) society, culture, and the individual
C) income, safety, and deference
D) class, status, and power

Question 77

The creation of culture, unlike playwriting:

A) is the work of generations
B) is not always a deliberate act
C) never results in a final authorized script
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 78

Society and culture:

A) are interrelated and interdependent
B) are in continual conflict
C) are separate phenomena
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 79

Culture:

A) is based on signs in animals and symbols among humans
B) is a property of all higher animal groups
C) is arguably possessed to some degree by nonhuman primates as well as humans
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 80

Symbols differ from signals in that:

A) symbols have universal meaning
B) symbols are intrinsically meaningful
C) symbols are biologically determined
D) all of the above
E) none of the above