Deck 13: Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings.

Question 1

Describe the case of Anna O,drawing on information from both the textbook summary by Schultz and Schultz and from the Original Source Material by Freud.​

Answer 1

Answer not provided.​

Question 2

What was Freud's central method of collecting data? What are the five deficiencies of this method according to Schultz and Schultz?​

Answer 2

Answer not provided.​

Question 3

Monads were defined as ____.​

A)​the sexual organs of humans
B)unextended psychic entities
C)​extended physical realities
D)individual elements of all reality,similar to perceptions
E)components of the unconscious

Answer 3

individual elements of all reality,similar to perceptions

Question 4

To what extent has there been scientific validation of psychoanalytic concepts? For which concepts is there the most research support and for which the least?​

Question 5

In addition to external influences on the development of psychoanalysis there were also major internal influences from Freud's life experiences and his psychological problems.Identify and discuss three of these internal influences,providing the link between each and its appearance within the theory.​

Question 6

Compare and contrast psychoanalysis with structuralism,functionalism,Gestalt psychology and behaviorism according to their (a)chronology,(b)heritage,and (c)subject matter.​

Question 7

Wundt's system dealt only with consciousness because ____.​

A)​the unconscious has only one element (feelings)
B)the unconscious cannot be reduced to basic elements
C)​the unconscious cannot be introspected
D)the a priori knowledge of the unconscious cannot be distinguished from empirical knowledge
E)he posited that the unconscious is a pseudo-problem

Question 8

Describe the childhood seduction controversy,including Freud's vacillating attitude toward it as well as toward sex.What was his eventual self-analysis with regard to his attitude and personal sexual difficulties and by what method did he deal with them?​

Question 9

The creator of monadology was ____.​

A)​Kant
B)Leibnitz
C)​La Mettrie
D)Watson
E)Aristotle

Question 10

Name and describe the two basic orientations toward the treatment of mental illness,giving examples from the historical development of each.Which orientation did Charcot support? Janet? Freud?

Question 11

What have been the central contributions of Freudian psychoanalysis to modern psychology?​

Question 12

At the time of Freud's death,the dominant form of American psychology was ____.​

A)​functionalism
B)behaviorism
C)​Gestalt psychology
D)humanistic psychology
E)cognitive psychology

Question 13

According to Freud,the "third shock" to the collective human ego was the realization ____.​

A)​that humans are not the rational commanders of their lives
B)of id forces
C)​of conscious forces of behavior
D)that laws of association predict human behavior
E)that psychoanalysis is the only way to resolve mental illness​

Question 14

A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ____.​

A)​dynamic psychology
B)childhood influences on later behavior
C)​a central organizing mechanism as a determinant of behavior
D)the unconscious
E)sex as the only motive or drive

Question 15

What was the influence of Charles Darwin and evolutionary theory on Freud's theory? Name three additional external influences on Freud's work,discussing one of them in detail.​

Question 16

Describe the role of mechanism and determinism in Freud's system.​

Question 17

Psychoanalysis is both a method of treatment and a system of personality.Select one of these two perspectives and describe it,including the central concepts within it.​

Question 18

Describe each of the three great shocks to the collective human ego suggested by Freud.​

Question 19

The primary method of psychoanalysis was ____.​

A)​the experimental method
B)systematic experimental introspection
C)​psychosynthesis
D)clinical observation
E)extirpation of the unconscious

Question 20

A basic difference between psychoanalysis and the other systems of psychology was that ____.​

A)​the other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science
B)psychoanalysis had only consciousness as its subject matter
C)​psychoanalysis did not hypothesize physical or physiological referents
D)the other systems were not grounded in a natural science
E)psychoanalysis came from Germany​

Question 21

Freud claimed that his discovery was ____.​

A)​the unconscious mind
B)a way to scientifically study the unconscious mind
C)​the importance of aggression
D)the importance of early childhood experiences
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

Franz Anton Mesmer contributed to which of the following?​

A)​He taught statistical methods.
B)He believed he was curing mental and physical illness by using magnetism.
C)​He used the term neurohypnology to describe his clinical treatment.
D)He disputed the use of hypnosis.
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 23

The first psychiatrist in formal practice in the United States was ____.​

A)​Freud
B)Pinel
C)​Vives
D)Rush
E)Dix

Question 24

The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg,with its bulk hidden from view (unconscious),is attributed to ____.​

A)​Leibnitz
B)Herbart
C)​Darwin
D)Fechner
E)Freud​

Question 25

"Little perceptions" were ____.​

A)​apperceived
B)below consciousness
C)​just noticeable differences
D)absolute thresholds
E)subtle impulses

Question 26

The person who most strongly influenced humane reforms for the mentally ill in the United States was ____.​

A)​Freud
B)Pinel
C)​Vives
D)Rush
E)Dix​

Question 27

The concept of threshold of consciousness is attributed to ____.​

A)​Leibnitz
B)Herbart
C)​Weber
D)Fechner
E)Freud

Question 28

Hypnosis garnered some scientific respectability through the work of ____.​

A)​Mesmer on hysteria
B)Braid on neurohypnology
C)​Braid on neurology
D)Gall on hysteria
E)Charcot on psychotherapy

Question 29

The spirit of mechanism in relation to the treatment of mental illness portrayed mentally ill persons as ____.​

A)merely needing to be repaired​
B)"having a screw loose"
C)​defective
D)possessed by evil spirits
E)needing a religious conversion to Christianity

Question 30

"A new movement requires something to revolt against";Freud opposed the current trends in ____.​

A)​philosophy
B)psychophysics
C)​behavioral psychology
D)applied psychology
E)the treatment of mental disorders

Question 31

The first person to argue for the humane treatment of the mentally ill was ____.​

A)Freud​
B)Pinel
C)​Vives
D)Rush
E)Dix

Question 32

By the era of Freud's medical training,the dominant view in psychiatry about the cause of mental illness was ____.​

A)​psychic determinism
B)psychic mechanism
C)​psychophysiological
D)psychosomatic
E)somatic

Question 33

The psychic approach to mental illness was encouraged in the U.S.by ____.​

A)​medical doctors
B)the Red Cross
C)​Emmanuel Church Healing movement
D)the Ecumenical Council of Churches
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 34

The notion of the pleasure principle was borrowed by Freud from ____.​

A)Aristotle​
B)Watson
C)​Leibnitz
D)Darwin
E)Fechner

Question 35

By the 18th century,abnormal behavior was deemed to be ____.​

A)​punishment for sin
B)due to cognitive defects
C)​natural phenomena
D)irrational behavior
E)wholly physical

Question 36

For Herbart,like James Mill,ideas influence one another ____.​

A)​mechanically
B)chemically
C)​physically
D)physiologically
E)above the absolute threshold

Question 37

Rush's treatment techniques reflect ____.​

A)​mechanistic theory
B)the somatic approach
C)​what he thought were "humane" treatment innovations
D)early crude attempts at shock therapy and sedation
E)All of the choices are correct.​

Question 38

The techniques of Mesmer ____.​

A)​were investigated and he was discredited
B)often involved convulsions
C)​were investigated and he was discredited and often involved convulsions
D)have,for the most part,been accepted by modern psychology
E)were actually unrelated to hypnosis

Question 39

According to Herbart,if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas,the new idea will be ____.​

A)​remembered
B)forgotten
C)​denied
D)inhibited
E)rationalized

Question 40

Which of the following is an original idea created by Freud,and not his predecessors?​

A)​hypnosis
B)the unconscious
C)​the mind as an iceberg
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 41

Freud's infamous use of cocaine ____.​

A)​has been exaggerated
B)was limited to the period in which he published on its utility in medicine
C)​extended to middle age
D)was limited to his research trips to Paris in his early career
E)both has been exaggerated and was limited to the period in which he published on its utility in medicine

Question 42

​Who was the first to argue that hysteria did not have a physical basis?

A)​Janet
B)Charcot
C)​Freud
D)Rush
E)Mesmer

Question 43

Currently known data fragments indicate that Freud was first apprised of the role of sexuality in hysterical symptoms by ____.​

A)​Charcot
B)Breuer
C)​Brücke
D)Krafft-Ebing
E)Janet​

Question 44

Charcot and Janet had practiced ____ prior to Freud's work on the same idea.​

A)​infantile sexuality
B)libido
C)​catharsis
D)hypnosis
E)All of the choices are correct.​

Question 45

Freud's self-analysis was precipitated by ____.​

A)​his sexual affairs outside of his marriage
B)the worsening of his own neurotic symptoms
C)​the death of his father
D)the death of his daughter
E)his being abandoned by Jung,Adler,and other important dissidents

Question 46

Freud's early research was in ____.​

A)​biology and physiology
B)medicine and philosophy
C)​neurology and psychiatry
D)medicine and psychophysics
E)medicine and hypnosis

Question 47

The concept of childhood sexuality can be traced to ____.​

A)​Aristotle
B)Romanes
C)​Darwin
D)Patze
E)All except Aristotle

Question 48

The beginning of psychoanalysis is considered to be indicated by the publication of ____.​

A)​Studies on Hysteria
B)The Interpretation of Dreams
C)​The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
D)Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
E)the Freud-Fliess letters​

Question 49

In common with functionalism and behaviorism,psychoanalysis bears the influences of ____.​

A)​mechanism
B)determinism
C)​Fechner's work
D)Darwin's theory
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 50

In the case of Anna O. ,the recollections she revealed while under hypnosis involved ____.​

A)​ideas or experiences she found disgusting
B)a positive transference
C)​the exacerbation of her conversion symptoms
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 51

The goal of Freud's therapies was to ____.​

A)​investigate the "false memory" syndrome
B)determine the incidence and prevalence of childhood sexual experiences in adult psychiatric patients
C)​refine the techniques of free association and dream analysis
D)make the unconscious conscious
E)All of the choices are correct.​

Question 52

Freud's use of hypnosis was a direct consequence of ____.​

A)​the case of Anna O
B)his association with Breuer
C)​a research grant to study with Charcot
D)his training with Brücke
E)his association with Breuer and a research grant to study with Charcot

Question 53

The attitude toward sex in the Vienna of the Victorian era was ____.​

A)​permissive and open
B)publicly repressed but actually fraught with sexual perversions
C)​publicly repressed but marked by an incomparable degree of child prostitution
D)permissive only in the middle class
E)repressive only among the aristocracy

Question 54

Which of the following topics had already been discussed before Freud?​

A)​infantile sexuality
B)libido
C)​catharsis
D)the importance of dreams
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

Freud argued that whether an event happened in childhood ____.​

A)​is irrelevant
B)must be determined
C)​is not the determinant of neuroses in adults
D)is less important than the patient's belief that it occurred
E)can be determined only by hypnotherapy

Question 56

Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of ____.​

A)​Helmholtz
B)G.E.Müller
C)​Darwin
D)Fechner
E)Charcot

Question 57

Freud proposed that neurotic behavior did not develop in persons who ____.​

A)​had never been seduced
B)led a normal sex life
C)​experienced the seduction trauma before the phallic stage
D)experienced the seduction trauma before the superego emerged
E)were raised by sexually open and permissive parents

Question 58

A major theme of Freud's system,borrowed from Darwin,was the ____.​

A)​importance of the sex drive throughout life
B)recapitulation theory
C)​notion that sexual gratification was the only human instinct
D)variability hypothesis
E)physical inferiority of females

Question 59

Breuer's fame was ____.​

A)​dependent on the case of Anna O
B)dependent on his association with Freud
C)​established by his discovery of the functioning of the semicircular canals
D)established by his use of the "talking cure" and catharsis
E)both dependent on the case of Anna O and on his association with Freud

Question 60

Freud's espousal of mechanism has been traced to the influence of ____.​

A)​Helmholtz
B)Galton
C)​G.E.Müller
D)Brücke
E)Romanes

Question 61

​Freud conceived of Instinkts as ____.

A)​fundamental drives
B)unique to animals
C)​libidinal
D)defined in Darwin's Origin of Species
E)defined by Romanes

Question 62

At the conclusion of his Clark University lecture,Freud stated that "hysterical patients suffer from ____."​

A)​seduction traumas
B)hysterical symptoms
C)​regression to infantile sexuality
D)reminiscences
E)psychic innovations

Question 63

During his Clark University lecture,Freud proposed that psychic traumas are ____.​

A)​the result of the child's witnessing the primal scene
B)"the royal road to the unconscious"
C)​affect-laden events
D)solely the result of seduction in early childhood
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 64

Freud proposed that ____.​

A)​dreams result from something in the patient's conscious mind
B)nothing in a dream is without a cause
C)​dreams were a rich source of intellectual but not emotional material
D)dreams could be completely without meaning
E)dreams were unrelated to the underlying causes of a disturbance​

Question 65

The American public was primed for Freud's work because of ____.​

A)​the publicity generated by Masson's and Malcolm's works on the seduction theory
B)the popularity of the functionalists,especially its tenets on the unconscious
C)Bruce's seven books and some five dozen magazine articles on the unconscious​
D)its familiarity with the work of Hall and its enthusiasm for anything he introduced into the young psychology
E)its literacy in the German language,which enabled people to read Freud in the original

Question 66

​Freud found that the free association method ____.

A)​operated freely
B)did not always operate freely because of resistance
C)​was identical with dream analysis
D)required catharsis of strangulated affect
E)did not occur during countertransference

Question 67

As a result of Freud's analysis of his own dreams,he recognized ____.​

A)​sexual longings toward his mother
B)sexual wishes toward his daughter
C)​the outlines of the Oedipus complex
D)hostility toward his father
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 68

​Triebs were,in Freud's system,____.

A)​humans' motivating forces
B)unique to animals
C)​unique to the phallic stage
D)the root of neurosis
E)similar to Einfall

Question 69

In 1909,Freud ____.​

A)​completed his self-analysis
B)developed the concept of the thanatos
C)​received an honorary doctorate in psychology from Clark University
D)expelled Jung from his circle of associates
E)was diagnosed as having cancer

Question 70

In the material presented at Clark University,Freud said that while hypnotized,Anna O.____.​

A)described the mental images that controlled her thoughts​
B)developed new symptoms to replace the old ones
C)​recalled repugnant details of her dreams
D)was able to describe the sources of her slips of the tongue
E)could describe her dreams with remarkable clarity

Question 71

Freud's major work is considered to be ____.​

A)Studies on Hysteria​
B)The Interpretation of Dreams
C)​The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
D)Three /Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
E)The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense

Question 72

​____ is an unconscious inability to bring into conscious awareness memories that are too shameful or painfulto be faced.

A)​resistance
B)recession
C)​rationalization
D)regression
E)projection

Question 73

​Freud's overriding goal was to ____.

A)​avoid practicing medicine
B)have an academic research career
C)​describe and explain the dynamics of human behavior
D)discover and develop an effective treatment methodology
E)analyze and overcome his own neuroses

Question 74

____ is the process of forcefully ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas,memories,and desires.

A)​Reciprocity
B)Repression
C)​Rationalization
D)Regression
E)Projection

Question 75

Psychoanalysis was eradicated in Germany by ____.​

A)​the Wundtians and Gestalt psychologists alike
B)the Nazi party
C)​Adler and Jung,the dissidents of Freud
D)the blitz at the hands of the Allies in World War II
E)Freud's move to London

Question 76

​Self-preservation as a major human motive was expressed by Freud in his notion of the ____.

A)​Instinkts
B)Triebs
C)Einfall
D)libido
E)Uber-Ich

Question 77

Freud underwent a vasectomy ____.​

A)because he found sex so repulsive​
B)as part of a cancer treatment
C)​as a result of his self-analysis
D)as part of a mid-life crisis
E)both because he found sex so repulsive and as a result of his self-analysis

Question 78

​Freud's investigative approach was ____.

A)​experimental
B)to consider evidence as he alone interpreted it
C)​to present evidence to his disciples for joint analysis and consensus of interpretation
D)reliable,despite its flaws
E)valid,despite its flaws

Question 79

Freud died as the result of ____.​

A)​pernicious anemia
B)cancer
C)​cocaine abuse
D)a morphine overdose
E)congestive heart failure,undetected because of the focus on his cancer

Question 80

According to Freud in his first lecture at Clark University,psychoanalysis originated with ____.​

A)​himself
B)Fechner
C)​Breuer
D)Kant and Leibnitz
E)the British associationists