Deck 14: Psychoanalysis: After the Founding.

Question 1

​What is positive psychology as proposed by Seligman? In what ways is it similar to and different from humanistic psychology?

Answer 1

Answer not provided.​

Question 2

Describe the similarities and differences between the concepts of self-actualization as developed by Maslow and Rogers.

Answer 2

Answer not provided.​

Question 3

The personal experience of a theorist can impact his or her choice of central personality concepts.A central concept for Adler was inferiority feelings while Horney concentrated on basic anxiety.Define and describe each concept and discuss possible links between it and the life circumstances and experiences of the theorist who proposed it.​

Answer 3

Answer not provided.​

Question 4

What role did Anna Freud play within the psychoanalytic movement? Describe her relationship with her father and the ways in which she expanded his system.​

Question 5

​Which branch of psychoanalysis did Anna Freud found?

A)​orthodox psychoanalysis
B)ego psychology
C)​object relations analysis
D)analytical psychology
E)individual psychology​

Question 6

Identify and discuss at least three of the disagreements that Horney had with Freud.​

Question 7

​The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.

A)​expanded and elaborated on Freud's system
B)developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime
C)​identified themselves as Freudians
D)were centrally concerned with ego development or object relations
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 8

​Play therapy,a standard technique of contemporary psychotherapy with children,was introduced by ____.

A)​Melanie Klein
B)Anna Freud
C)​Karen Horney
D)Helene Deutsch
E)Erik Erikson

Question 9

​Anna Freud's most important revision of orthodox psychoanalysis ____.

A)​was called conservative psychoanalysis
B)was called reformed psychoanalysis
C)​was to focus on the middle age crisis
D)was to clarify the defense mechanisms
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 10

How did Sigmund Freud define the term object? What are the general differences in theoretical focus between Freud and the object relations theorists? Briefly describe the mother-child bond from the viewpoints of (a)Melanie Klein and (b)Heinz Kohut.

Question 11

​Identify and discuss at least three basic differences between Jung's analytical psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.

Question 12

The ego psychologists amended Freud's original position by emphasizing that the ____.​

A)​ego is derived from the id
B)ego is servant to the superego
C)​id is servant to the ego
D)ego can carry out some functions independently of the id
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 13

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____.​

A)​on the id
B)on the mechanisms of motivation
C)​on child analysis
D)realized only after her father's death and her self-analysis
E)the founding of a clinic for training psychology teachers

Question 14

Identify and discuss three changes that the neo-Freudians introduced within psychoanalysis.How did the neo-Freudians differ from the dissenters?​

Question 15

Compare and contrast Freud and Jung's conceptions of the unconscious mind.Within Jungian theory,define/describe collective unconscious,archetypes,and the relationship between the two.Name at least four of the archetypes discussed by Schultz and Schultz;describe two of them in detail.​

Question 16

​Just as with Wundt's experimental psychology,within ____ years of its founding,Freud's system was splintering.

A)​2
B)10
C)​20
D)30
E)50

Question 17

Describe at least three of the fundamental differences between Adler's individual psychology and Freud's psychoanalysis.​

Question 18

​Describe the evolution and antecedent influences on humanistic psychology.What is its current status in psychology?

Question 19

Which of the following psychotheorists is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?​

A)​Adler
B)Jung
C)​Anna Freud
D)Horney
E)None of the choices are correct;they are all considered neo-Freudian.​

Question 20

The ego psychologists emphasized the influence of ____ while de-emphasizing the role of ____.​

A)​parents;biological forces
B)conscious forces;unconscious forces
C)​conscious forces;social forces
D)social forces;biological forces
E)the superego;the id​

Question 21

​Jung's theoretical system is known as ____.

A)​individual psychology
B)neoanalytic psychology
C)​analytical psychology
D)identity psychology
E)postmodern psychoanalysis

Question 22

Klein suggested that the ____ is the first part-object for the child.​

A)​father
B)doctor
C)​mother
D)doctor's hand
E)mother's breast

Question 23

​In contrast to Freud,object relations theorists believe that personality is formed ____.

A)​in middle age
B)during the first 6 months of life
C)​in adolescence,roughly 12-18 years of age
D)throughout the life span
E)in early childhood,roughly 3-7 years of age​

Question 24

​Klein's theory believes that the initial social interaction between mother and child ____.

A)​will affect the child's personality later in life
B)will be generalized to all relationships in the child's life
C)​is important for child development
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 25

​Freud selected Jung to be the first president of the International Psychoanalytic Association because ____.

A)​like himself,Jung was not German
B)Jung was not Jewish
C)​Jung was an established psychiatrist
D)Jung was younger
E)he strongly desired a reconciliation with Jung

Question 26

​In order to achieve their goal of making psychoanalysis a part of scientific psychology,the ego psychologists ____.

A)​modified psychoanalytic psychotherapy
B)operationally defined Freud's constructs
C)​pursued the experimental study of psychoanalytic hypotheses
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 27

If a part-object satisfies an id instinct,it is judged by the baby to be ____.​

A)​whole
B)part of the mother
C)​part of the father
D)good
E)bad

Question 28

Melanie Klein described the mother-infant relationship in ____.​

A)​terms of play therapy
B)relationship to psychopathology
C)​social-cognitive terms
D)intellective terms
E)sexual terms

Question 29

​One of Jung's main criticisms is that ____.

A)​he did not adhere to Freud's vision
B)his theory of personality is not empirically sound 
C)​his theory was copied from the earlier work of Anna Freud
D)analytical psychology cannot be applied to field outside of psychology
E)his theory has flawed methods

Question 30

​For Jung,dream analysis was ____.

A)​a lifelong practice for resolving personal crises
B)a method of which he was skeptical
C)​the sole method of psychotherapy that he used
D)replaced by his system of analytical psychology
E)the source of his concepts of archetypes and the collective unconscious

Question 31

​Like Freud,Jung's theory ____.

A)was autobiographical​
B)focused on sex
C)​discounted the role of outside influences
D)emphasized the importance of the collective consciousness
E)None of the above.

Question 32

​For Klein,the adult personality is rooted in the nature of the mother-child relationship in the first ____ of life.

A)​month
B)three months
C)​six months
D)year
E)two years

Question 33

According to object relations theorists,the most critical developmental issue is for the child is ____.​

A)​to continue a relationship with the primary object (the mother)while maintaining a strong sense of self and develop relations with other objects
B)to form a lasting attachment that becomes foremost for the child
C)​to form a sense of self,then a sense of the primary object (mother),then a sense of other objects (people)
D)to break free from the primary object (the mother)in order to establish a strong sense of self and develop relations with other objects (people)
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 34

Upon birth,the infant relates to ____ objects.When the infant's world expands,they then relate to ____ objects. Eventually the infant will relate to ____ objects.​

A)​part;whole;all
B)all;part;whole
C)​part;all;whole
D)All of the choices are possible orders.
E)None of the choices are correct.​

Question 35

​Freud used the word "object" to refer to any ____.

A)​person,object,or activity that can satisfy an instinct
B)person,object,or activity that can influence personality development
C)​thing,entity,or item existing in the external world
D)thing,entity,or item existing in the internal world
E)physical object in the world that can become a fetish​

Question 36

​Like Freud,Jung ____.

A)​had several extramarital affairs
B)had an Oedipal relationship with his youngest daughter
C)​gave up sex at about age 40
D)experienced a profound and lengthy emotional crisis at about age 40
E)and his theory were deeply affected by his relationship with his father

Question 37

​Which of the following is NOT one of the archetypes common to all humans?

A)​Persona
B)Anima
C)​Animus
D)Warrior
E)Shadow

Question 38

​Freud wanted ____ to take over the psychoanalytic school.

A)​Anna Freud
B)Jung
C)​Maslow
D)Watson
E)Adler

Question 39

While Jung was writing ____,he anticipated the break with Freud.​

A)​The Interpretation of Dreams
B)The Psychology of the Unconscious
C)​Psychic Conflicts in a Child
D)Man and His Symbols
E)Individual Psychology

Question 40

​Object relations theorists emphasize the ____ influences on personality

A)​instinctual
B)evolutionary
C)​social and environmental
D)personal,political,and developmental
E)innate​

Question 41

​For Jung,innate determinants of one's mental life are the ____.

A)​Instinkts
B)Triebs
C)archetypes​
D)style of life
E)monads

Question 42

​For Jung,the ways in which we orient ourselves to both the external (objective)and internal (subjective)world are found in the ____.

A)attitudes​
B)functions
C)psychological types​
D)persona
E)self

Question 43

​For the most part,Jung's ideas have not influenced the field of ____.

A)religion​
B)literature
C)​psychology
D)History
E)Art

Question 44

​In Jung's system,the experiences that form the basis of personality are part of the ____.

A)​personal unconscious
B)anima/animus
C)​shadow
D)collective unconscious
E)persona

Question 45

​Darwin's theory of evolution is best reflected in the Jungian concept of ____.

A)personal unconscious​
B)collective unconscious
C)​introversion
D)extraversion
E)self

Question 46

​The most animalistic aspect of one's personality,according to Jung,is the ____.

A)​Triebs
B)Instinkts
C)​animus/anima
D)repressions
E)shadow

Question 47

​For Jung,a preoccupation with an idea that influences behavior is evidence of ____.

A)a fixation​
B)an archetype
C)​the shadow
D)the personal conscious
E)a complex

Question 48

​Jung's concept of the personal unconscious ____.

A)​is quite unique and very different from any of Freud's conceptualizations
B)is at a very deep level,unknown to the individual
C)​contains individual experiences that have been suppressed or forgotten
D)includes the conscious plus the unconscious 
E)includes the archetypes

Question 49

​Within the personal unconscious,patterns of emotions and memories with common themes are called ____.

A)​archetypes
B)the collective unconscious
C)​attitudes
D)functions
E)complexes

Question 50

​Jung proposed that libido ____.

A)​is a generalized life force
B)is unrelated to sex  
C)​reflects the major role sex played in his own life
D)has its roots in the collective unconscious
E)drives the archetypes

Question 51

​In Jung's system,the self is ____.

A)​a drive toward self-actualization
B)manifested in the persona
C)​manifested in the shadow
D)heavily influenced by the anima/animus
E)manifested in the four functions

Question 52

​The ____ is/are often experienced in the form of emotions associated with significant life events or reaction to extreme danger.

A)​feeling function
B)collective unconscious
C)​personal unconscious
D)belief in evolution
E)Archetypes

Question 53

​Jung called the two basic attitudes within the person ____.

A)​anima and animus
B)introversion and extraversion
C)​thinking and feeling
D)sensing and intuiting
E)judging and sensing

Question 54

​For Jung,the ____ archetype is the source of spontaneity and creativity.

A)shadow​
B)Triebs
C)​anima/animus
D)persona
E)self

Question 55

Jung proposed that personality is shaped by ____.​

A)​childhood experiences
B)experiences which occur throughout one's life
C)​one's goals,expectations,and ambitions
D)the past
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

​For Jung,the Oedipus complex was ____.

A)​an object relations approach
B)irrelevant
C)​dependent upon the infant's libidinal drives
D)part of the "Good Mother" and "Evil Mother" archetypes
E)described in terms of the primeval forces of the collective unconscious​

Question 57

​For Jung,sexuality was ____.

A)​problematic
B)one of several needs that required satisfaction
C)​heterosexual from birth
D)not heterosexual
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

Jung described patterns of emotions and memories with common themes in the personal unconscious as ____.​

A)​personality
B)persona
C)​complexes
D)shadow
E)basic anxieties

Question 59

​According to Jung,in our ____,we retain experiences of our ancestors,animal and human.

A)​personal unconscious
B)collective unconscious
C)​anima/animus
D)Shadow
E)Archetypes

Question 60

​According to Jung,our individual storehouse of repressed memories,impulses,and wishes is the ____.

A)​Unconscious
B)preconscious
C)​collective unconscious
D)personal preconscious
E)personal unconscious

Question 61

​Adler's concept of the creative power of the self reflects his rejection of ____.

A)​determinism
B)positivism
C)​mentalism
D)the concept of soul
E)operationism

Question 62

​In Adler's system,a motivating force in behavior based on actual or perceived defects is(are)____.

A)​inferiority feelings
B)social interest
C)​striving for superiority
D)the style of life
E)the creative power of the self

Question 63

"Striving for superiority," in Adler's system,____.​

A)​is universal
B)takes a unique form in each of us
C)​is a response to learned feelings of inferiority
D)serves to assuage basic anxiety
E)is universal and takes a unique form in each of us

Question 64

​In Horney's system,the central idea is ____.

A)​basic anxiety
B)the need for freedom from fear
C)​the neurotic needs
D)the idealized self-image
E)the inferiority complex

Question 65

​As he himself acknowledged,Adler's childhood experiences are a direct reflection of his concept of ____.

A)​individual psychology
B)social interest
C)​birth order
D)inferiority 
E)basic anxiety

Question 66

​A component of the Zeitgeist at the beginning of the 20th century that influenced some dissenters within psychoanalysis was the ____.

A)​American notion of manifest destiny
B)close of the Victorian era
C)​atrocities of World War I
D)women's movement (the suffragettes)
E)recognition of the influence of social forces

Question 67

​One of Adler's criticisms of psychoanalysis was of its focus on ____.

A)sexual factors in personality development​
B)unconscious determinants of behavior
C)​biological instincts
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 68

​Which of the following statements is NOT true of Adler's theory?

A)​Adler proposed that birth order is important in the development of personality.
B)Adler developed the concept of social interest,the innate human potential to cooperate with other people to achieve personal and societal goals.
C)​Adler developed the concept of inferiority complex.
D)Adler speculated that basic personality types involving introversion and extraversion are formed early in life.
E)Adler believed that we strive for superiority.

Question 69

​When Hillary Rodham Clinton remarked that not all women are content to stay home and bake cookies,she was restating a position stated earlier by ____.

A)Anna Freud​
B)Melanie Klein
C)​Karen Horney
D)Alfred Adler
E)Christiana Morgan

Question 70

​Like Jung but unlike Freud,Adler thought that ____ could influence present behavior.

A)​social interest
B)reinforcement
C)​social forces
D)future goals
E)style of life

Question 71

​The core of Horney's system reflects ____.

A)​her unsatisfactory relationship with her parents
B)a preoccupation with sexuality
C)​the fixation of personality in early childhood
D)neurotic needs that mark the personal crisis that occurs at about age 40
E)her belief in the importance of biology in determining personality

Question 72

​For Adler,____ involves the behaviors used to compensate for feelings of inferiority.

A)​striving for superiority
B)personality
C)​inferiority complex
D)style of life
E)creative power of the self

Question 73

​Adler held that behavior is determined primarily by ____.

A)​social factors
B)unconscious factors
C)​complexes
D)the id
E)basic anxiety

Question 74

​Freud criticized Adler's system as ____.

A)​inappropriately ignoring the seduction theory
B)inadequately describing childhood development
C)​based on case studies rather than systematic observation
D)unscientific
E)being too simple

Question 75

​Which aspect of Adler's system has led to the most research?

A)​the inferiority complex
B)striving for superiority
C)​birth order
D)archetypes
E)womb envy

Question 76

​Horney called a false picture of oneself ____.

A)​a neurotic need
B)compliance
C)​detachment
D)the style of life
E)the idealized self-image

Question 77

​Alfred Adler and Karen Horney claimed that human behavior is determined by ____.

A)interpersonal relationships to which the individual has been exposed,particularly in childhood​
B)biological forces such as inheritance
C)​traumas,especially those which have been experienced in infancy
D)political systems such as socialism and capitalization
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 78

​Inferiority feelings,according to Adler,develop in ____.

A)​those with a manifest intellectual or physical defect
B)those who are pampered by the parents and/or siblings
C)​those who are rejected by the mother
D)the earlier born rather than the later born in the family
E)everyone

Question 79

​Child guidance clinics in the Vienna school system were established by ____.

A)Witmer​
B)A.Freud
C)​S.Freud
D)Klein
E)Adler

Question 80

​When the child responds to anxiety arising from parental actions by using unchanging behavioral strategies,he/she is exhibiting ____.

A)​a neurotic need
B)compliance
C)​detachment
D)the idealized self-image
E)the style of life