Deck 16: New Directions

Question 1

Thus far, research has been driven by the assumption that:

A)Some languages share underlying processing architecture while others do not
B)Some of the underlying processing architecture is shared by languages
C)All languages have differing underlying processing architecture, and the extent to which these are shared in various languages is uncertain
D)The underlying processing architecture is not shared by languages
E)The underlying processing architecture is shared by languages

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In interactive models, processes of language operate:

A)Independently of the others
B)One stage at a time
C)Lowest to highest
D)Simultaneously
E)Highest to lowest

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How sensitive are the results of our experiments to the particular techniques employed?

A)Not sensitive
B)Very sensitive
C)Somewhat sensitive
D)Indifferent
E)It depends

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to the text, which school of thought champions the idea that we need to refer to explicit rules when considering language processing?

A)Traditionalist
B)Activist
C)Connectionist
D)Modernist
E)Computationalist

Question 5

In the author´s opinion, the preponderance of evidence suggests that language processing is:

A)Strongly interactive, and there are no constraints
B)Weakly interactive, although there are constraints
C)Strongly interactive, although there are constraints
D)Weakly interactive, and there are no constraints
E)Not interactive at all, and there are several constraints

Question 6

There is a novel finding, or a prediction from a theory that does not come out as predicted. A model is then constructed to account for these findings. This is an example of the:

A)Bottom-down method
B)Top-up method
C)Top-down method
D)Bottom-up method
E)Center-out method

Question 7

Modern psycholinguistics is founded on:

A)Guessing
B)Data
C)Inferences
D)Theories
E)Assumption

Question 8

Since the birth of modern psycholinguistics, sometime around Chomsky´s review of Skinner´s Verbal Behavior, it has:

A)Achieved independence from linguistics, and flourished on all fronts
B)Achieved independence from linguistics, but has not flourished on all fronts
C)Been dependent on linguistics, yet has flourished on all fronts
D)Been dependent on linguistics, and has not flourished on all fronts
E)Been dependent on anatomy, and has not flourished on all fronts

Question 9

Since the list for experiments on single words was developed, we have discovered that:

A)Neighbors of words are not important, but the properties of the neighbors are important
B)Neighbors of words are important, but the properties of the neighbors are not important
C)Neighbors of words are important, and the properties of the neighbors are also important
D)Neither the neighbors of words nor the properties of the neighbors are important
E)Double disassociations are not a product of the environment

Question 10

It is always possible that researchers are unconsciously constructing their materials in a particular way. The remedy for this problem is making more use of:

A)Sequential sampling of participants
B)Recognition tasks
C)Recall tasks
D)Random sampling of materials
E)Misleading participants

Question 11

Connectionism has made many important contributions to psycholinguistics over the last:

A)45 years
B)75 years
C)60 years
D)100 years
E)30 years

Question 12

An important landmark in the history of psycholinguistics is Chomsky´s review of:

A)Skinner´s Stages of Development
B)Skinner´s Verbal Behavior
C)Locke´s Tabula Rasa
D)Piaget´s Verbal Behavior
E)Piaget´s Stages of Development

Question 13

Who observed that the list of variables that had to be controlled in psycholinguistics experiments was large and growing, and there were many that were rarely considered?

A)Piaget
B)Locke
C)Cutler
D)Caplan
E)Bowerman

Question 14

The cross-linguistic analysis of the development of gender argues:

A)Against an auditory basis for the development of syntactic categories
B)For an auditory basis for the development of syntactic categories
C)For an auditory basis, and against a semantic basis, for the development of syntactic categories
D)For a semantic basis for the development of syntactic categories
E)Against a semantic basis for the development of syntactic categories

Question 15

A great deal can be learned by examining the language of people with damage to those parts of the brain that control language. In recent years, _______________ has provided some of the most interesting and important contributions to psycholinguistics.

A)Sensory nerve dissection
B)Optic nerve dissection
C)Cortical localization
D)Cognitive neuroscience imaging data
E)Electrical brain stimulation

Question 16

The study of impairments to the language system has:

A)Cast light on virtually every aspect of psycholinguistics
B)Cast light on a decent number of psycholinguistics aspects
C)Failed miserably
D)Failed, but as technology gets better it is expected that the study of impairments will do so too
E)Cast light on a small number of psycholinguistics aspects

Question 17

Generally, computers are better at:

A)Central level tasks
B)High-level tasks
C)Implicit tasks
D)All tasks
E)Lower level tasks

Question 18

Studies of processing in different languages have told us that we:

A)Do not share the same hard-wired modules
B)All share the same hard-wired modules, with no variance
C)Share some of the same hard-wired modules, and those shared have no variance
D)All share the same hard-wired modules, but they vary slightly in what they do
E)Share some of the same hard-wired modules, but there is high variance in what they do

Question 19

Which of the following has recently shown how language might be an emergent process, the development of which depends on general constraints?

A)Articulation modeling
B)Determinism modeling
C)Behaviorist modeling
D)Autonomous modeling
E)Connectionist modeling

Question 20

Most of the experiments described in this book have been on speakers of:

A)Two languages
B)Pidgin languages
C)The French language
D)The English language
E)The Italian language