Deck 5: Restorative Community Justice

Question 1

___________ focuses on enhancing neighborhood stability, improving the quality and nature of community social networks, and expanding the community's capacity to manage its own problems.

A) Restorative justice
B) Community justice
C) Restorative community justice
D) Citizen participation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Restorative community justice strives to be what?

A) Preventive and responsible
B) Responsible and responsive
C) Responsible and supportive
D) Preventive and responsive

Answer 2

D

Question 3

While the traditional model sees the crime problem as a ________, the problem-solving approach of restorative community justice relies on information, deliberation, and mutual interest to bring peace to a community.

A) "war"
B) "battle"
C) "fight"
D) "brawl"

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the traditional model, who is the primary decision maker who determines what is best for all parties?

A) The community
B) The police
C) The courts
D) The government

Question 5

The concept of transferring decision-making authority to the ______ level is a key element of the community model.

A) federal
B) state
C) municipal
D) local

Question 6

Traditionally, the formal system has maintained a tight hold on justice initiatives and has labeled those outside the traditional menu of choices as _________.

A) "Plan Bs"
B) "alternatives"
C) "experiments"
D) "unproven"

Question 7

_____________ is critical in the community model.

A) Police participation
B) Court participation
C) Citizen participation
D) Corrections participation

Question 8

The community model recognizes that there are some problems that the __________ is not equipped to manage, and the best resources are available outside of the formal justice system.

A) police
B) government
C) courts
D) corrections

Question 9

If at any stage the offender refuses to participate or disputes ____________, they are likely referred back to the court.

A) responsibility
B) involvement
C) guilt
D) interest

Question 10

Opportunities for earning ________ should be developed as well as programs to learn important skills that are valued by other community members.

A) respect
B) money
C) revenge
D) restitution

Question 11

When communities are engaged, they are central to accomplishing the job of _____________.

A) "creating peace"
B) "righting the wrongs"
C) "doing justice"
D) "upholding integrity"

Question 12

What are two states mentioned in the text that are having successes with citizen involvement?

A) Illinois and Iowa
B) Colorado and Vermont
C) Arizona and Florida
D) Maine and Pennsylvania

Question 13

The community justice paradigm presumes a continuum of interventions ranging from less to more _________,

A) retributive
B) vengeful
C) harsh
D) incapacitative

Question 14

At the conclusion of which community justice practice do both the victim and the offender work with the mediator to develop a plan that ensures that the offender provides appropriate restoration and restitution to the victim and/or the community based on direct input from the victim?

A) Victim-Offender Mediation
B) Family Group Conferencing
C) Community Reparative Boards
D) Peacemaking Circles

Question 15

What state's VOM program brings together victims of severe crimes with their convicted offenders for a daylong discussion?

A) Nebraska
B) Idaho
C) Texas
D) Ohio

Question 16

Which community justice practice is used in cities in towns in the United States and Canada as well as in Australia and New Zealand?

A) Victim-Offender Mediation
B) Family Group Conferencing
C) Community Reparative Boards
D) Peacemaking Circles

Question 17

In which community justice practice does the offender sign an agreement or contract to complete the plan within a specified time period as the end of the session?

A) Victim-Offender Mediation
B) Family Group Conferencing
C) Community Reparative Boards
D) Peacemaking Circles

Question 18

Which of the community justice practices originated from Native American culture?

A) Victim-Offender Mediation
B) Family Group Conferencing
C) Community Reparative Boards
D) Peacemaking Circles

Question 19

At the end of which community justice practice is there an attempt to come to a consensus about a rehabilitative plan for the offender and an approach to "healing" the victim and the community?

A) Victim-Offender Mediation
B) Family Group Conferencing
C) Community Reparative Boards
D) Peacemaking Circles

Question 20

In Victim-Offender Mediation, the victim is in one sense the primary __________ because the process is totally voluntary and depends on the victim's participation in order to proceed.

A) gatekeeper
B) moderator
C) mediator
D) leader

Question 21

One of the most difficult problems in engaging the community is ________.

A) reaching out to it
B) listening to it
C) locating it
D) poor initiative

Question 22

Diverting ___________ offenders to community sanctioning processes such as mediation may reduce future offending as community groups and citizens become more aware of the needs and risks presented by such offenders.

A) marginal
B) first-time
C) habitual
D) repeat

Question 23

According to Clear and Karp, "individuals need a certain amount of __________ in order to pursue their own happiness."

A) money
B) freedom
C) luck
D) security

Question 24

Two of the more progressive states pursuing the community justice model, as discussed in the text, are _________.

A) Vermont and Minnesota
B) New Hampshire and Washington
C) Florida and Wyoming
D) Kentucky and Oregon

Question 25

Which of the following is not listed as a line that social imbalances cross in creating a significant obstacle for implementing a community model?

A) Economic
B) Racial
C) Religious
D) Gender

Question 26

In past decades, community members-with the encouragement and support of police, schools, churches, and other socializing institutions-often "took care of" problems that now end up in juvenile and criminal justice courts.

Question 27

In the traditional model, the sanctions for criminal behavior must bring compensation or satisfaction to the victim as well as harmony and peace to the community.

Question 28

Community justice also requires centralization of authority and accountability.

Question 29

When the community is "involved," the government, while valuing community input in an advisory role, still dominates and controls the process. Community engagement, on the other hand, suggests partnership between criminal justice agencies and the community.

Question 30

Government or nonprofit programs that are located in the community but do not involve community members in decision making or offender reintegration are examples of restorative community justice.

Question 31

What are the fundamental differences between the restorative community justice model and the traditional justice model? (Name at least three.)

Question 32

Describe the differences in the relationships between government and the community in the restorative community justice model as compared with the traditional justice model?

Question 33

The restorative community justice approach may not be appropriate for all offenders and communities. Discuss Etzioni's suggestions regarding the conditions and limitations of community justice. Do you agree or disagree with his suggestions?

Question 34

Discuss circle sentencing and peacemaking circles, which are derived from ancient aboriginal practices. Can you think of any other practices that may be relevant to a restorative community justice approach?

Question 35

You have just been named the restorative community justice planner in your state's Department of Corrections. How will you promote the idea of restorative community justice in your state? What will you do to engage communities in participating in restorative community justice practices? Who would you need to talk to, and why? What key community members would you need to involve?

Question 36

Ethics Focus: "An Eye for an Eye?"
You are in charge of the Governor's "community empowerment" task force, which has involved community representatives from each county in your state. The task force is charged with making recommendations to the Governor regarding how the state could improve the justice process within the community. The representatives seem to fall into one of two groups: those who advocate a more retributive approach and those who support a more restorative approach. The retributive group wants offenders to be punished within the community. They offered suggestions such as publishing their names in the paper, performing community service while wearing old-fashioned prison uniforms, and a one-strike program by which they would be sent to the state prison after one violation. The restorative group is more concerned with reconciling victims and offenders whenever possible, which would include financial restitution and counseling in many cases. Your role is to bring the two factions together and come up with a useful recommendation to the Governor's office.
-What are some of the ethical issues regarding the retributive and restorative factions?

Question 37

Ethics Focus: "An Eye for an Eye?"
You are in charge of the Governor's "community empowerment" task force, which has involved community representatives from each county in your state. The task force is charged with making recommendations to the Governor regarding how the state could improve the justice process within the community. The representatives seem to fall into one of two groups: those who advocate a more retributive approach and those who support a more restorative approach. The retributive group wants offenders to be punished within the community. They offered suggestions such as publishing their names in the paper, performing community service while wearing old-fashioned prison uniforms, and a one-strike program by which they would be sent to the state prison after one violation. The restorative group is more concerned with reconciling victims and offenders whenever possible, which would include financial restitution and counseling in many cases. Your role is to bring the two factions together and come up with a useful recommendation to the Governor's office.
-How can you balance the concerns of the two factions?

Question 38

Ethics Focus: "An Eye for an Eye?"
You are in charge of the Governor's "community empowerment" task force, which has involved community representatives from each county in your state. The task force is charged with making recommendations to the Governor regarding how the state could improve the justice process within the community. The representatives seem to fall into one of two groups: those who advocate a more retributive approach and those who support a more restorative approach. The retributive group wants offenders to be punished within the community. They offered suggestions such as publishing their names in the paper, performing community service while wearing old-fashioned prison uniforms, and a one-strike program by which they would be sent to the state prison after one violation. The restorative group is more concerned with reconciling victims and offenders whenever possible, which would include financial restitution and counseling in many cases. Your role is to bring the two factions together and come up with a useful recommendation to the Governor's office.
-What will you recommend?