Deck 8: The Sociopsychological Approach to Personality: Erich Fromm

Question 1

Fromm's lengthy criticism of Freud centered on

A) Freud's treatment of women
B) the claim that "psychoanalysis can define man scientifically"
C) Freud's assertion that Thanatos is the ultimate goal of life
D) Freud's treatment of childhood neuroses

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who did Fromm consider to be more important a thinker than Freud?

A) Einstein
B) Churchill
C) Marx
D) Hegel

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What makes Fromm stand out from most of the theorists covered so far?

A) He was the only priest among them.
B) He had a organ defect.
C) He was the only one with a degree in chemistry and physics.
D) He had a Ph.D.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sociopsychological refers to

A) the sociological side of people that sheds light on the psychological side
B) the same thing as social psychology
C) the psychological study of groups
D) the sociological study of the individual

Question 5

Fromm was

A) Catholic
B) Muslim
C) Jewish
D) Methodist

Question 6

Fromm characterized his father as

A) brilliant
B) sadistic
C) a religious fanatic
D) highly neurotic

Question 7

All of the following were true of Fromm regarding his beliefs, except one. Which was NOT true of Fromm's beliefs?

A) He was strongly influenced by existentialism.
B) He was clearly an orthodox follower of Freud.
C) He, like Horney, was trained at the Berlin Institute.
D) He said that each society has its own personality.

Question 8

Fromm flirted with

A) communism
B) capitalism
C) totalitarianism

Question 9

Fromm was greatly affected by what event during his young adulthood?

A) the suicide of a young woman after the death of her father
B) the carnage of the Spanish Civil War
C) the poverty he saw when he visited China
D) the speeches of Haig, a Rumanian philosopher

Question 10

Fromm's credibility during his training as an analyst was undermined by

A) the fact that he was Aryan
B) the coincidence of his birth date and Hitler's
C) the observation that he was lacked a commanding stature
D) the fact that he did not have medical training

Question 11

Among the titles of Fromm's books was

A) The Coming of Christ
B) Truths of the Old Testament
C) Freud and Monotheism
D) Escape from Freedom

Question 12

Fromm quarreled with what popular notion of his day?

A) Every dog has its day.
B) What goes around comes around.
C) Armaments preserve peace.
D) There is a thin line between good and evil.

Question 13

What horrified Fromm during World War II

A) the carnage in his own country
B) the observation that Germany's young men were buying their country's propaganda and paying with their lives
C) that each country thought that God was on their side, when in fact, God opposes all war
D) the futility of politics by other means

Question 14

Fromm spent among his most productive years

A) at the University of Berlin
B) in Mexico
C) vacationing in the Orient
D) working as a trainee in Vienna under Freud

Question 15

Which of the following is crucial to the existential position?

A) personal responsibility
B) coming to grips with the unconscious
C) ending exploitation
D) building warm and satisfying human relationships

Question 16

That Fromm was a lifetime socialists was reflected

A) the fact that he ran for office in Vienna as a socialist
B) the fact that he was expelled from the United States because he was a communist
C) his concept "humanistic communitarian socialism"
D) his love of Stalin

Question 17

Fromm's basic concept "humanistic psychoanalyst" refers to

A) a blend of existentialism and Hegelian philosophy
B) the humanitarian training of analysts that he promoted in the Freudian camp
C) the phenomenal approach that emphasizes people before all else
D) the belief in the essential worth and dignity of each person

Question 18

Existential refers to

A) a philosophy that has not been translated into other disciplines
B) people's most immediate experience, the conditions of their existence, and the necessity of exercising freedom amid chaos
C) the belief that all entities, whether animal, vegetable or mineral, are living beings, invested with meaning and purpose
D) a religious position that has scientific applications

Question 19

Frame of orientation refers to

A) a goal that gives meaning to people's existence and position in the world
B) the frame of reference that allows persons to rise above their squalid existence
C) a cognitive "map" of people's natural and social worlds
D) a kind of orientation that takes into account both the spiritual and the natural world

Question 20

Object of devotion refers to

A) a goal that gives meaning to people's existence and position in the world
B) the frame of reference that allows the person to rise above their squalid existence
C) a cognitive "map" of people's natural and social worlds
D) a kind of orientation that takes into account both the spiritual and the natural world

Question 21

Relatedness refers to

A) relating to the norms of one's society
B) the necessity to unite with other human beings
C) the need to relate different aspects of the personality
D) relating the self to the selves of significant others, most especially the mothering one

Question 22

Which is a symbiotic union?

A) a homosexual marriage
B) the union of opposites
C) the crocodile and the birds that feed on its pests
D) the deer and the prairie dog that warns it of danger

Question 23

Symbiotic union can take which of the following forms

A) prey and predator
B) parallel
C) in sync
D) passive

Question 24

Automaton conformity refers to

A) automatic conformity to family norms
B) a mindless conformity to peers
C) giving up freedom for union with society
D) allowing no deviation from strict conformity

Question 25

The active symbiotic form can be summed up in which of the following words?

A) equity
B) sadism
C) ambivalence
D) cooperativeness

Question 26

Mature love refers to

A) union under the condition of preserving one's integrity
B) self-sacrifice
C) being able to totally submit to the needs of a loved one
D) love that matures with time, like a fine wine

Question 27

Rootedness refers to

A) is a deep craving to maintain one's natural ties
B) is laying down roots in a particular geographical locale
C) is becoming rooted in the soil of a fertile career
D) is the kind of stubbornness that ensures that one will not give up one's individuality

Question 28

The need to form new roots is analogous to

A) the desire for sexual contact
B) the need for physical contact with a mothering one
C) the desire for freedom from the demands that one roam the psychological realm
D) joining the brotherhood of man

Question 29

According to Fromm, identity is

A) the need to be aware of oneself as a separate entity
B) the acceptance of others beliefs about who one is
C) the event that occurs when a person unites with a loved one and they merge identities
D) learning to identify with the roles that one has been assigned by society

Question 30

Fromm's ideas about medieval roles reminds one of

A) Horney's tyranny of the should
B) Jung's personas
C) Freud's "totem and taboo"
D) Sullivan's forbidding gestures

Question 31

Unity refers to

A) uniting with the spirit of one's ancestral past
B) uniting with the social unit, in ancient times, the tribe
C) forming a union of trust and dependency, such as a marriage
D) a sense of inner oneness within one's self and with the natural world outside

Question 32

Failure to achieve unity is associated with which of the following?

A) a lonely and shy disposition
B) substance abuse
C) a hollow existence and aimless wandering
D) the need to submit to whoever will take one in

Question 33

Transcendence is

A) the act of transforming one's passive role of creature into that of an active creator
B) rising above the squalor of one's hopeless existence to the heights of self-sufficiency
C) leaving the concrete realm for the spiritual realm
D) the transmittal of self into an altered state, not unlike that experienced with use of psychoactive drugs

Question 34

Which of the following is the alternative to creation, according to Fromm?

A) despair
B) intellectual devastation
C) a spiritual vacuum
D) destructiveness

Question 35

Effectiveness refers to

A) the child's illusion of personal causation
B) proficiency in social relations
C) compensating for being in an overpowering world by developing a sense of "making a dent"
D) the ability to cause outcomes to occur in the lives of important others

Question 36

According to Fromm, which of the following signals a hallmark development in the child's expanding world?

A) "No!"
B) "Please?"
C) "Can I...can I?"
D) "I do...I do!"

Question 37

Excitation and stimulation refer to

A) creating excitation and stimulation for significant others
B) exercising the nervous system
C) thrill seeking by another name
D) generating reservoirs of excitation for future use

Question 38

In relation to Fromm's theory, which of the following is "brain food"?

A) varied sensory stimulation
B) internal thoughts and feelings
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 39

During REM dreaming

A) our muscles are wide awake
B) the brain displays slow waves
C) we could talk out loud and walk if need be
D) the brain acts as if it is receiving sensory input

Question 40

Famous Canadian psychologist D.O. Hebb performed what kinds of experiments in order to show that the brain needs constant input in order to function properly?

A) classical conditioning experiments
B) experiments in which subjects were blasted with loud and bright sounds and sights
C) cognitive and affective insulation experiments
D) experiments where variation in visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation was eliminated

Question 41

Which of the following falls into the category "simple stimuli"?

A) accidents
B) reading a novel
C) painting (art)
D) being with loved ones

Question 42

All of the following are activating stimuli, except one. Which does NOT fit into the category of "activating stimuli"?

A) sex-related movies
B) reading a novel
C) painting (art)
D) being with loved ones

Question 43

Fromm defines personality as

A) the traits that one has
B) the complex of intra- and inter- psychic forces that, as a unit, represent the totality of the individual
C) the interconnection of the psychological structures that constitute what we call "mentality"
D) the inherited and acquired psychic qualities characterizing one individual, making her/him unique

Question 44

Which are the two levels upon which character develops?

A) conscious and unconscious
B) active and passive
C) individual and social
D) external and internal

Question 45

Individual character refers to

A) an automatic action sequence governed by the unconscious
B) he pattern of behavior characteristic of a given person
C) the soul of the person, as opposed to the psyche of that person
D) the moral fiber of a person, or the lack of it

Question 46

Social character refers to

A) the set of norms that characterize a society
B) individual behavior under the influence of cultural nuances
C) the core of a character structure common to most people of a given culture
D) the moral fiber of a society, or the lack of it

Question 47

What did Fromm believe can be inferred from an analysis of a single individual?

A) the relation between that person's conscious and unconscious processes
B) the totality of the social structure in which the person lives
C) whether that person is the product of a sane or insane child rearing process
D) the relationship of that person to significant other person's in her or his life

Question 48

Which of the following is one of the two types of social character that Fromm identified?

A) absolute
B) resolute
C) applicable
D) nonproductive

Question 49

Each type of social character is cast in terms of which of the following?

A) assimilation/socialization
B) active/passive
C) sadistic/masochistic
D) fruitful/fruitless

Question 50

Persons of the receptive orientation

A) hoard material goods
B) ake things by force or cunning
C) exchange goods for money
D) experience the source of goods as outside themselves

Question 51

If receptive people are religious (Fromm)

A) they are demanding of God
B) they expect everything from God and nothing from their own efforts
C) they seek to match gifts from God with good works of their own
D) they tend to blame God for whatever happens to them

Question 52

Persons of the exploitive orientation

A) hoard material goods
B) take things by force or cunning
C) exchange goods for money
D) experience the source of goods as outside themselves

Question 53

All of the following are true of the exploitive orientation, except one. Which is NOT true of that orientation?

A) cynical
B) jealous
C) hostile
D) psychotic

Question 54

How did Hitler exploit Europe's Jews?

A) He taught the German people to hate them.
B) He used them as the van guard of his early military adventures.
C) He used their vast resources to fuel his war machine.
D) He convinced the German people that losing WW I was not their fault, the Jews betrayed them.

Question 55

Which kind of society reflects the exploitive orientation?

A) today's American society
B) the communes of 1930's England
C) the ancient Aztecs
D) Stalinist Soviet society

Question 56

How does the hoarding orientation differ from receptive and exploitive?

A) The goods come from inside, not outside.
B) The goods come from outside, not inside.
C) People, not materials, are the object of concern.
D) There is a desire to relate benevolently to others.

Question 57

Fromm, like Horney, was concerned about

A) animal rights
B) the exploitive potential of humans
C) the power of the Oedipal complex
D) political relations between the United States and Europe

Question 58

Which kind of society represents the hoarding orientation?

A) feudal lords and barons
B) stratified societies
C) societies adopting the Puritan ethic
D) societies ruled by blood thirsty dictators

Question 59

Which of the following relates most closely to the marketing orientation?

A) retaining objects and materials for future use
B) exploiting others for self-gain
C) "purchasing" other nations through warfare
D) supply and demand

Question 60

In a marketing society

A) people battle to look like "one of a kind"
B) relationships are based on one-way exploitation
C) people buy relationships by sacrificing themselves in the exchange
D) there are no goods as valuable as those one has hidden away

Question 61

Which kind of society represents the marketing orientation?

A) feudal lords and barons
B) stratified societies
C) societies adopting the Puritan ethic
D) capitalistic societies

Question 62

Which of the following is true of the necrophilous character?

A) a keen ability to use others
B) a fascination with death
C) a need to give and to receive
D) a submission to a "magic helper"

Question 63

Necrophilous character is related to which of Freud's concepts?

A) receptive type
B) anal expulsive
C) Eros
D) Thanatos

Question 64

Which of the following represents Speer's Hitler dream?

A) Hitler places wreath after wreath on a war memorial.
B) Hitler and Stalin duel.
C) Speer lies prostrate before Hitler.
D) Hitler comes into possession of a powerful bomb, unlike any known to humans.

Question 65

Which of the following was among the necrophilous dreams presented in the text?

A) Hitler and Stalin duel.
B) dream of the "superdestroyer"
C) Woman disappears and is replaced by a man.
D) Children dance around corpses.

Question 66

Which of the following represents the necrophilous character?

A) feudal lords and barons
B) stratified societies
C) societies adopting the Puritan ethic
D) societies ruled by blood thirsty dictators

Question 67

In the productive orientation

A) producing the most goods possible with one's capabilities is of paramount importance
B) producing more than others is the goal
C) being a productive citizen, as that is defined in a society, is the aspiration
D) developing an attitude of relatedness to the world and oneself is the chief motive

Question 68

All except one of the following are human capacities that characterize the productive orientation. Which is NOT one of those capacities?

A) productive reasoning
B) productive love
C) productive work
D) productive spirituality

Question 69

Assimilation and socialization modes associated with the productive orientation are ________ and ________, respectively.

A) producing; consuming
B) giving; receiving
C) creating; integrity
D) hoping; realizing

Question 70

All of the following are among Fromm's contributions, except one. Which is NOT among his contributions?

A) development of widely used personality tests
B) introduced the positive orientation, biophilia
C) laid the groundwork for the humanists
D) author of interesting books on popular issues

Question 71

Which of the following fits best with biophilia?

A) marketing
B) productive
C) conservation
D) loyalty

Question 72

When Fromm and Maccoby (1970) investigated social character in a Mexican village, which orientation was strongest?

A) marketing
B) exploitative
C) receptive
D) necrophilous

Question 73

In Fromm and Maccoby (1970), who was better adapted, men or women?

A) neither more than the other
B) both equally
C) men
D) women

Question 74

Existential needs refer to

A) needs that must be met if one's existence is to be meaningful
B) needs that transcend the realm of the natural and encroach on the supernatural
C) needs that can be met only through self-actualization
D) needs that Fromm came to appreciate as he studied the ancient Aztec culture

Question 75

All of the following were limitations of Fromm's thought and work, except one. Which was not a limitation?

A) He was a pessimist.
B) His concepts are redundant.
C) His theory collapses sources of variation, such as gender, ethnicity, and religion.
D) Generalizing a character type to an entire society is very difficult to support.

Question 76

Which of the following was probably Fromm's greatest contribution?

A) his socialistic perspective
B) his realistic, but pessimistic perspective
C) his emphasis on good science
D) his influence on current humanistic thought

Question 77

Burston counted all of the following as reasons that psychologists and psychiatrists have rejected Fromm, except one. Which did he NOT count as a reason they rejected Fromm?

A) Fromm had no training in medicine.
B) Fromm was too qualitative.
C) Fromm applied his political/social views to psychology.
D) Fromm wrote about ethics.

Question 78

Frame of orientation and object of devotion

A) are basically unrelated
B) are related through their connection to "rootedness"
C) provide a synthesis of one's self and one's life circumstances
D) offer the hope that all other needs will be met if these two are met

Question 79

Declaring the "other side" in a war to be evil

A) makes sense according to Fromm: fulfilling the object of devotion need dictates it
B) is reciprocated: when one looks at the "other," one sees what the other sees when looking at oneself, evil
C) is regrettable, but human nature, according to Fromm
D) is actually beneficial, according to Fromm: the two sides tend to eventually see the contradiction in each seeing the other as evil

Question 80

Fromm's notions about mature love are most reminiscent of

A) Freud's latency period
B) Horney's self-assessment
C) Erikson's identity resolution at the young adult stage
D) Sullivan's emphasis on interactions with significant others