Deck 5: How Is a Unit of Argument Created

Question 1

Claims begin the process of argument by identifying the stand being taken.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Claims end the process of argument by stating what the listener or reader is expected to accept as true or probable.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A claim may offer a conclusion about a fact, definition, value, or policy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

"It is morally wrong to sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Question 5

Factual claims are, in principle, directly verifiable or provable by direct recourse to the proof which supports them.

Question 6

"The United States will continue to sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Question 7

"For the bookstore to pay students less that the wholesale value for a used textbook is an outrage," is an example of a factual claim.

Question 8

"The bookstore typically pays students about 40% of the wholesale value of a used textbook," is an example of a factual claim.

Question 9

"The wholesale value of a used textbook is the price per copy that the bookstore pays the wholesale provider before adding its own amount to the retail price charged to students," is an example of a definitional claim.

Question 10

"The bookstore should pay students the wholesale value for a used textbook," is an example of a factual claim.

Question 11

Claims may be stated as compound sentences in order to make argumentation more economical

Question 12

"The United States should not sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Question 13

The grounds are that portion of the argument which requires further proof before the listener is willing to accept it as verified.

Question 14

The information used to ground claims needs to be evaluated for reliability, quality, consistency, and audience acceptability.

Question 15

The warrant is the conclusion which the listener does not want to accept or assume, but toward which we attempt to move his thoughts and beliefs through argumentation.

Question 16

The reasoning process in a unit of argument is moving from grounds, through the warrant, to proving the claim statement.

Question 17

The backing provides the mental leap from grounds to claim.

Question 18

The secondary triad in the Toulmin Model of argument, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal, show an argument's strength or force.

Question 19

Rebuttal phrases show the degree of force which the arguer believes his claim possesses.

Question 20

Qualifier phrases show the degree of force which the arguer believes his claim possesses.

Question 21

"A nuclear waste dump would benefit the local economy," is a

A)factual claim.
B)definitional claim.
C)value claim.
D)policy claim.

Question 22

What can a factual claim make and assertion about?

A)That which has existed in the past.
B)That which exists at present.
C)That which will exist in the future.
D)All of the above

Question 23

"Unemployment is harmful" is

A)a factual claim.
B)an unqualified factual claim.
C)a value claim.
D)an unqualified value claim.

Question 24

"The lakeshore condominium project will benefit the local economy," is

A)a value claim.
B)a simple claim statement.
C)an unqualified claim.
D)all of the above.

Question 25

"Unemployment is harmful" is a

A)simple claim.
B)compound claim.
C)complex claim.
D)compound-complex claim.

Question 26

In general, the evidence used to ground your arguments can be tested by determining whether or not it

A) is of sufficient quality.
B) will be understandable to your audience.
C) is representative of the available information.
D) All of the above

Question 27

The provides specific information about how the arguer reasons.

A)claim
B)grounds
C)warrant
D)backing

Question 28

"The lakeshore condominium project will offer potential buyers a variety of options, but it may be too expensive for most potential home buyers in the Marquette area," is

A)a policy claim
B)a simple claim statement
C)a qualified claim statement
D)all of the above

Question 29

The reliability of the warrant is established by the in the argument.

A)grounds
B)backing
C)claim
D)rebuttal

Question 30

Read the following argument, and then answer multiple choice question.
"This is an unsatisfactory place to live, because unemployment nationally is running at a lower rate than it is here. The U.S. Department of Labor announced an 8.5% national rate of unemployment while the State Employment Security Commission has said that the local unemployment rate is 11.5%."
-"Because unemployment nationally is running at a lower level than it is here" functions as

A)grounds.
B)warrant.
C)backing.
D)claim.

Question 31

Read the following argument, and then answer multiple choice question.
"This is an unsatisfactory place to live, because unemployment nationally is running at a lower rate than it is here. The U.S. Department of Labor announced an 8.5% national rate of unemployment while the State Employment Security Commission has said that the local unemployment rate is 11.5%."
-"The State Employment Security Commission has said that the local unemployment rate is 11.5%" functions as

A)grounds.
B)warrant.
C)backing.
D)claim.

Question 32

Read the following argument, and then answer multiple choice question.
"This is an unsatisfactory place to live, because unemployment nationally is running at a lower rate than it is here. The U.S. Department of Labor announced an 8.5% national rate of unemployment while the State Employment Security Commission has said that the local unemployment rate is 11.5%."
-"The U.S. Department of Labor announced an 8.5% national rate of unemployment" functions as

A)grounds.
B)warrant.
C)backing.
D)claim.

Question 33

Read the following argument, and then answer multiple choice question.
"This is an unsatisfactory place to live, because unemployment nationally is running at a lower rate than it is here. The U.S. Department of Labor announced an 8.5% national rate of unemployment while the State Employment Security Commission has said that the local unemployment rate is 11.5%."
-"This is an unsatisfactory place to live" functions as

A)grounds.
B)warrant.
C)backing.
D)claim.

Question 34

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
The lakeshore condominium project will threaten the ecology of the Lake Superior shoreline. The plan calls for widening Lakeshore Drive to four lanes, putting in six highrise buildings, and building a four-foot wall around the complex. Look what happened when a similar project was built in Duluth-water fowl lost their nesting places and the grasses that hold the shoreline were uprooted by construction equipment. When there is a major construction project along a shoreline, the plant and animal life are harmed.
-"The plan calls for widening Lakeshore Drive to four lanes, putting up six high-rise buildings, and building a four-foot wall around the complex," functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)grounds
B)backing
C)warrant
D)claim

Question 35

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
The lakeshore condominium project will threaten the ecology of the Lake Superior shoreline. The plan calls for widening Lakeshore Drive to four lanes, putting in six highrise buildings, and building a four-foot wall around the complex. Look what happened when a similar project was built in Duluth-water fowl lost their nesting places and the grasses that hold the shoreline were uprooted by construction equipment. When there is a major construction project along a shoreline, the plant and animal life are harmed.
-"The lakeshore condominium project will threaten the ecology of the shoreline," functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)grounds
B)backing
C)warrant
D)claim

Question 36

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
The lakeshore condominium project will threaten the ecology of the Lake Superior shoreline. The plan calls for widening Lakeshore Drive to four lanes, putting in six highrise buildings, and building a four-foot wall around the complex. Look what happened when a similar project was built in Duluth-water fowl lost their nesting places and the grasses that hold the shoreline were uprooted by construction equipment. When there is a major construction project along a shoreline, the plant and animal life are harmed.
-"When there is a major construction project along a shoreline, the plant and animal life are harmed," functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)grounds
B)backing
C)warrant
D)claim

Question 37

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
The lakeshore condominium project will threaten the ecology of the Lake Superior shoreline. The plan calls for widening Lakeshore Drive to four lanes, putting in six highrise buildings, and building a four-foot wall around the complex. Look what happened when a similar project was built in Duluth-water fowl lost their nesting places and the grasses that hold the shoreline were uprooted by construction equipment. When there is a major construction project along a shoreline, the plant and animal life are harmed.
-"Look what happened when a similar project was built in Duluth-water fowl lost their nesting places and the grasses that hold the shoreline were uprooted by construction equipment," functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)grounds
B)backing
C)warrant
D)claim

Question 38

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-"The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size" functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)claim
B)warrant
C)grounds
D)backing

Question 39

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-The statement by Dr. Ann McKee that concludes the argument functions as which part of this unit of argument?

A)claim
B)warrant
C)grounds
D)backing

Question 40

Read the following argument and then answer multiple choice items.
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-The opening sentence, "there is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse," functions a which part of this unit of argument?

A)claim
B)warrant
C)grounds
D)backing