Deck 6: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

_____ is a mental disorder with a range of symptoms involving disturbances in content of thought, form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behavior, and interpersonal functioning.

A) Somatic symptom disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Roland has the illusion that he is the reincarnation of Napoleon and wants to conquer the world. Roland is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) somatic symptom disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which of the following phases of schizophrenia are the psychotic symptoms most prominent?

A) Prodromal
B) Residual
C) Active
D) Disoriented/disorganized

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the context of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which of the following is an example of a positive symptom?

A) Restricted affect
B) Avolition
C) Asociality
D) Hallucinations

Question 5

Researchers refer to the symptoms of schizophrenia that are exaggerations or distortions of normal thoughts, emotions, and behavior as _____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) anhedonic
D) hedonic

Question 6

How long must a person show the signs of disturbance in order to be diagnosed as having schizophrenia?

A) 2 weeks
B) 4 months
C) 6 weeks
D) 6 months

Question 7

_____ are deeply entrenched false belief that are not consistent with a schizophrenic person's intelligence or cultural background.

A) Delusions
B) Fantasies
C) Mirages
D) Dreams

Question 8

A false perception held by a schizophrenic person that does not correspond to the objective stimuli present in the environment is referred to as a

A) fantasy.
B) hallucination.
C) mirage.
D) dream.

Question 9

Emily complains that she feels spiders crawling all over her body at night even though there are no actual spiders anywhere near her. This is an example of a(n)

A) hallucination.
B) fantasy.
C) apparition.
D) mirage.

Question 10

Graham believes that he is the reincarnation of Christ and the responsibility of restoring peace and order to the world lies on his shoulder. This is an example of a(n)

A) delusion.
B) fantasy.
C) apparition.
D) mirage.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes disorganized speech?

A) Language that is authoritative
B) Language that is emotional
C) Language that is incomprehensible or incoherent
D) Language that is abusive

Question 12

David refers to himself as Mussolini and believes that all men comprise his army and should follow his orders. From which of the following forms of delusions is David suffering?

A) Somatic
B) Grandeur
C) Self-blame
D) Infidelity

Question 13

Cordelia feels the radio is "forcing" her to perform certain actions against her will. Cordelia is most likely suffering from the _____ type of delusion.

A) somatic
B) control
C) self-blame
D) infidelity

Question 14

Marshall believes that all billboards that he sees on the side of the highway are speaking directly to him. This condition is referred to as a delusion of

A) somatic.
B) reference.
C) self-blame.
D) infidelity.

Question 15

People suffering from the persecution type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

A) they are controlled by some machine.
B) someone wants to harm them.
C) their partners are cheating on them.
D) they suffer from some terminal illness.

Question 16

People suffering from the somatic type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

A) they are controlled by some machine.
B) someone wants to kill them.
C) their partners are cheating on them.
D) they suffer from some serious disease.

Question 17

People suffering from the infidelity type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

A) they are controlled by some machine.
B) someone wants to kill them.
C) their partners are cheating on them.
D) they suffer from some terminal illness.

Question 18

Dorothy holds herself responsible for causing hurricane Katrina that killed thousands of people in the United States. Identify the type of delusion afflicting Dorothy.

A) Somatic
B) Persecution
C) Self-blame
D) Infidelity

Question 19

People suffering from the thought broadcasting type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

A) their thoughts are being carried over the airwaves on television.
B) someone wants to kill them.
C) their partners are cheating on them.
D) they suffer from some terminal illness.

Question 20

People suffering from the thought insertion type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

A) outside forces are putting thoughts into their mind.
B) someone wants to kill them.
C) their partners are cheating on them.
D) their thoughts are being carried over the airwaves on television.

Question 21

Affective flattening, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia are all

A) negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
B) positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) symptoms that appear exclusively in schizoaffective disorders.
D) symptoms that appear exclusively in schizophreniform disorders.

Question 22

The narrowing of the range of outward expressions of emotions is referred to as

A) hallucination.
B) delusion.
C) restricted affect.
D) illusion.

Question 23

A lack of initiative, either not wanting to take any action or lacking the energy and will to take action is referred to as

A) hallucination.
B) delusion.
C) avolition.
D) illusion.

Question 24

Eric, who has schizophrenia, lacks the energy to take any initiative. This condition is referred to as

A) avolition.
B) anhedonia.
C) manic disorder.
D) hypomanic disorder.

Question 25

_____ refers to a lack of interest in social relationships, including an inability to empathize and form close relationships with others.

A) Hallucination
B) Delusion
C) Asociality
D) Illusion

Question 26

Jean has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She does not have any interest in building social relationships and stays locked up in her room most of the time. When friends try to contact her, she either ignores them or has the minimum possible interaction with them that she can. This symptom of schizophrenia is referred to as

A) hallucination.
B) delusion.
C) asociality.
D) illusion.

Question 27

The condition associated with schizophrenia in which one's flow of thoughts become vague, unfocused, and illogical is referred to as

A) loosening of associations.
B) thought broadcasting.
C) thought insertion.
D) inappropriate affect.

Question 28

At the age of 30, Claire, a patient with schizophrenia, lost her ability to speak and move. On examining her, the physician could not find any direct physiological cause for Claire's condition. This condition is most likely to be diagnosed as

A) catatonia.
B) manic disorder.
C) hypomanic disorder.
D) autism.

Question 29

_____ is a condition in which the individual shows marked psychomotor disturbances.

A) Avolition
B) Remission
C) Catatonia
D) Paranoia

Question 30

Which of the following is the primary symptom of catatonia?

A) Lack of interest in social relationships
B) Disorganized speech and behavior
C) Extreme motor disturbances that have no direct physiological cause
D) Discord between the emotional response and the social cues present in a situation

Question 31

Which of the following individuals was the first person to have identified schizophrenia?

A) Emil Kraepelin
B) Eugen Bleuler
C) Adolf Meyer
D) Benedict Morel

Question 32

The German psychiatrist who systematically defined "dementia praecox" was

A) Emil Kraepelin.
B) Eugen Bleuler.
C) Adolf Meyer.
D) Benedict Morel.

Question 33

The extent to which a person's emotional expressiveness fails to correspond to the content of what is being discussed is referred to as

A) loosening of associations.
B) thought broadcasting.
C) thought insertion.
D) inappropriate affect.

Question 34

The Swiss psychiatrist who coined the term schizophrenia was

A) Emil Kraepelin.
B) Eugen Bleuler.
C) Adolf Meyer.
D) Benedict Morel.

Question 35

Which German psychiatrist developed the idea that in order for schizophrenia to be diagnosed, certain "first-rank"
Symptoms needed to be recorded?

A) Emil Kraepelin
B) Eugen Bleuler
C) Adolf Meyer
D) Kurt Schneider

Question 36

_____ is a disorder characterized by the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that are limited to a period of less than a month.

A) Brief psychotic disorder
B) Schizophrenia, undifferentiated type
C) Schizophrenia, paranoid type
D) Schizophrenia, disorganized type

Question 37

A person who experiences a sudden "nervous breakdown" and then recovers from it within a week would most accurately be diagnosed as having

A) schizophrenia
B) schizophreniform disorder
C) brief psychotic disorder.
D) shared psychotic disorder

Question 38

Jenny experienced a brief psychotic episode soon after suffering a miscarriage. The symptoms only lasted for about
3 weeks. Jenny was most likely afflicted by ________ disorder.

A) brief psychotic
B) schizoaffective
C) delusional
D) schizophreniform

Question 39

Which of the following is one of the mandatory criteria needed to be fulfilled in order for a person to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder?

A) Signs of psychotic disturbances must persist for at least six months.
B) Signs of psychotic disturbances must persist for at least three months.
C) A person should experience both delusions and hallucinations.
D) A person should experience one of the four symptoms associated with schizophrenia for more than a day.

Question 40

In order to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder, signs of psychotic disturbances must be present for a minimum of

A) 1 day.
B) 1 month.
C) 1 year.
D) 2 months.

Question 41

Which of the following is true of brief psychotic disorder?

A) Signs of psychotic disturbances in patients persist for more than a month.
B) People with brief psychotic disorder recover in less than a month.
C) People with brief psychotic disorder do not experience delusions.
D) People with brief psychotic disorder do not experience hallucinations.

Question 42

Which of the following is the schizophrenic-like disorder in which the individual has psychotic symptoms that are essentially the same as those found in schizophrenia, except that the symptoms last for fewer than six months?

A) Prodromal psychotic disorder
B) Schizophreniform disorder
C) Schizotypal personality disorder
D) Schizoid personality disorder

Question 43

The difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is that

A) schizophreniform disorder lasts for fewer than 6 months.
B) schizophreniform disorder is not fully curable.
C) people with schizophreniform disorder do not experience delusions.
D) people with schizophreniform disorder do not experience hallucinations.

Question 44

To be diagnosed as having schizophreniform disorder, how long must the individual have the psychotic symptoms?

A) Longer than 1 month but less than 6 months
B) Longer than 6 months but less than 12 months
C) Longer than 13 months but less than 20 months
D) Longer than 20 months

Question 45

Symptom duration of less than a month is to _____ as duration greater than 6 months is to _____.

A) brief psychotic disorder; schizophreniform disorder
B) schizophreniform disorder; schizophrenia
C) catatonic schizophrenia; paranoid schizophrenia
D) brief psychotic disorder; schizophrenia

Question 46

Which psychotic disorder is defined as having active symptoms that last longer than a month but less than 6 months?

A) Acute psychotic disorder
B) Schizophreniform disorder
C) Brief psychotic disorder
D) Paranoia schizophrenia

Question 47

Someone whose psychotic symptoms last longer than a brief psychotic disorder but not as long as schizophrenia is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) schizophreniform disorder.
B) late-onset schizophrenia.
C) schizoaffective disorder.
D) shared psychotic disorder.

Question 48

_____ is a psychotic disorder involving the experience of a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode while also meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.

A) Schizophreniform disorder
B) Bipolar disorde
C) Paranoid schizophrenia
D) Schizoaffective disorder

Question 49

The difference between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is that people suffering from schizoaffective disorder

A) experience mood disorders.
B) falsely believe that another person is in love with them.
C) falsely believe that their romantic partner is unfaithful to them.
D) do not exhibit any external symptoms.

Question 50

To be diagnosed with delusional disorders, a person has to experience delusions that have lasted for at least

A) 6 months.
B) a year.
C) 1 month.
D) 3 months.

Question 51

Fevie has been admitted to a psychiatric hospital. She claims that there is a person wanting to kill her. She has delusions of persecution and is also exhibiting the symptoms of a major depressive episode. She is most likely to be diagnosed as having

A) schizophreniform disorder.
B) schizoaffective disorder.
C) disorganized schizophrenia.
D) paranoia schizophrenia.

Question 52

Rex falsely believes that the current marital discord between the President and his wife is because the First Lady is secretly in love with him and wishes to spend the rest of her life with him. From which type of delusional disorder does Rex suffer?

A) Paranoid type
B) Erotomanic type
C) Somatic type
D) Jealous type

Question 53

The type of delusional disorder in which the individual has a delusion that a person of higher status than him/her is deeply in love with him or her is referred to as ________ type.

A) paranoid
B) erotomanic
C) somatic
D) jealous

Question 54

The schizophrenic-like disorder in which an individual has delusions of being very important is referred to as delusional disorder, _____ type.

A) grandiose
B) jealous
C) persecutory
D) somatic

Question 55

Raymond is a janitor at a large corporation and is convinced that the decisions he makes while cleaning affect the functioning of the company more significantly than the decisions made by the CEO. Which type of delusional disorder is most likely afflicting Raymond?

A) Somatic type
B) Jealous type
C) Grandiose type
D) Narcissistic type

Question 56

Delusional disorder, erotomanic type is characterized by the unrealistic belief that

A) one is loved by an important person.
B) one has a terminal disease.
C) one's partner is being unfaithful.
D) one is being persecuted.

Question 57

Delusional disorder, grandiose type is characterized by the unrealistic belief that

A) one has extremely special and favorable personal qualities.
B) one has a terminal disease.
C) one's partner is being unfaithful.
D) one is being persecuted.

Question 58

Delusional disorder, jealous type is characterized by the unrealistic belief that

A) one is loved by an important person.
B) one has a terminal disease.
C) one's partner is being unfaithful.
D) one is being persecuted.

Question 59

Mariana is troubled by the unrealistic belief that every woman who glances at her husband secretly desires him; she also believes that he has had affairs with some of them despite his insistence that he has never seen them before in his life. Which type of delusional disorder is most likely afflicting Mariana?

A) Erotomanic
B) Somatic
C) Persecutory
D) Jealous

Question 60

_____ type of delusional disorder is the condition in which individuals falsely believe that their romantic partner is being unfaithful to them.

A) Erotomanic
B) Somatic
C) Persecutory
D) Jealous

Question 61

In which type of delusional disorder does an individual have unrealistic beliefs that they are the victims of others'
Malevolent treatment?

A) Erotomanic
B) Somatic
C) Persecutory
D) Jealous

Question 62

Catherine believes that her recent car accident was actually an attempt on her life by her ex-boyfriend. Which type of delusional disorder is most likely afflicting Catherine?

A) Grandiose
B) Jealous
C) Persecutory
D) Somatic

Question 63

Ricky's medical reports are normal, however he is convinced that he suffers from leukemia. He is most likely suffering from the _____ type of delusional disorder.

A) erotomanic
B) somatic
C) grandiose
D) persecutory

Question 64

Which of the following is true of schizophrenia?

A) Schizophrenia is not a hereditary disease.
B) People with schizophrenia are two to three times less likely to die compared to others within their age group.
C) People suffering from schizophrenia have a heavier brain as compared to others.
D) Biology as well as experience interact in the determination of schizophrenia.

Question 65

Which of the following terms is used to refer to the biologically based predisposition of developing a particular disorder?

A) Concordance
B) Cross-fostering
C) Latency
D) Vulnerability

Question 66

Biological explanations of schizophrenia have their origin in the work of _____ who thought of schizophrenia as a disease caused by a degeneration of brain tissue.

A) Kraepelin
B) Bleuler
C) Freud
D) Sullivan

Question 67

Kraepelin was of the view that schizophrenia was a disease primarily caused by

A) a discord between the ego and superego.
B) impairments in cognitive functioning.
C) a degeneration of brain tissue.
D) a discord between the id and the ego.

Question 68

When contrasting the neuroimaging scans of the brains of normal people and those with schizophrenia, it has been found that people with schizophrenia

A) did not have a cerebral cortex.
B) had a thicker cortex.
C) had enlarged brain ventricles.
D) had heavier prefrontal lobes.

Question 69

The ventricular enlargement observed in clients with schizophrenia is most often accompanied by

A) hypothalamic dysfunction.
B) pituitary deformities.
C) thalamus abnormalities.
D) cortical atrophy.

Question 70

The wasting away or deterioration of tissue in the cerebral cortex is referred to as

A) cortical atrophy.
B) cortical vulnerability.
C) cortical convolution.
D) cortical regeneration.

Question 71

In which of the following areas of the brain is the loss of brain volume most pronounced?

A) Cerebellum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Prefrontal lobes

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true of schizophrenia patients?

A) Brain volume is more than a normal person
B) Brain cells show significant levels of degeneration
C) Cells in the prefrontal lobe reproduce rapidly
D) Cortex shows pronounced thickening throughout the brain

Question 73

Through fMRI studies, it has been found that people with schizophrenia

A) have increased word fluency.
B) have difficulties in working memory.
C) have a heavier brain compared to normal people.
D) appear to be immune to cortical atrophy.

Question 74

The drug chlorpromazine has its effect by

A) causing cortical atrophy.
B) blocking dopamine receptors.
C) activating serotonin receptors.
D) increasing the size of the ventricles.

Question 75

Which of the following theories proposes that schizophrenia is a disorder of development that arises during the years of adolescence or early adulthood due to alterations in the genetic control of brain maturation?

A) Behavioral perspective
B) Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
C) Person-centered theory
D) Psychodynamic perspective

Question 76

According to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, schizophrenia is a disorder of development that occurs mainly due to the

A) absence of cortical atrophy.
B) thickening of the cortex in the course of maturation.
C) alterations in the genetic control of brain maturation.
D) blockage in the dopamine receptors.

Question 77

Side effects of antipsychotic medication such as motor disorders involving rigid muscles, tremors, shuffling movement, restlessness, and muscle spasms affecting the posture, are referred to as _____ symptoms.

A) recessive
B) dormant
C) extrapyramidal
D) somatic

Question 78

Sam has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is currently on antipsychotic medication. He has been experiencing frequent muscle spasms and mild tremors. These symptoms are referred to as _____ symptoms.

A) recessive
B) dormant
C) extrapyramidal
D) somatic

Question 79

_____ is the process in which the effects of schizophrenia interact with brain changes caused by normal aging.

A) Neuroprogression
B) Classical conditioning
C) Operant conditioning
D) DNA methylation

Question 80

The primary biological treatment for schizophrenia is

A) neuromodulation.
B) antipsychotic medication.
C) cognitive restructuring.
D) deep brain stimulation.