Deck 2: Diagnosis and Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following expressions best reflects respect for the individual?

A) Psychotic patient
B) Schizophrenic client
C) Psychopathic deviate
D) Person with schizophrenia

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Clinical psychologists have earned either a PhD or a(n)

A) PsyD.
B) MSW.
C) MD.
D) DSW.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What kind of training do clinical psychologists have?

A) PhD or PsyD in clinical psychology
B) MD with advanced training in psychological disorders
C) MSW with three years of residency
D) MS in psychology with a behavior management certificate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Dr. Reed has a PhD in clinical psychology and was trained in administering psychological tests. Dr. Davis has an MD
With advanced training in treating psychological disorders and can prescribe medications. From the given information, we can infer that

A) Dr. Reed is a psychiatrist and Dr. Davis is a psychologist.
B) Dr. Reed is a psychologist and Dr. Davis is a psychiatrist.
C) Dr. Reed is a psychologist and Dr. Davis is a neurologist.
D) Dr. Reed is a social worker and Dr. Davis is a psychologist.

Question 5

A mental health professional with training in the behavioral sciences who provides direct service to clients is known as a(n)

A) psychiatrist.
B) occupational therapist.
C) clinical psychologist.
D) clinician.

Question 6

Which of the following is an individual without a graduate-level training in psychology who can also play a critical role in the functioning and administration of the mental health system?

A) Family therapist
B) Recreational therapist
C) Counseling psychologist
D) Psychiatrist

Question 7

The publication that contains descriptions of the various psychological disorders is called the

A) International Manual of Mental Diseases.
B) Physicians' Desk Reference.
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
D) American Psychological Association's Mental Disorders Handbook.

Question 8

Ralph has been sad and listless for three years. He cannot sleep and has lost his appetite. Using a diagnostic system, one clinician arrives at a diagnosis of depression. Using the exact same diagnostic system, another clinician arrives at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What is the problem with this system?

A) It lacks effectiveness.
B) It lacks universality.
C) It lacks reliability.
D) It lacks validity.

Question 9

Andrea has been experiencing low mood, low energy, and significant weight gain for the last 2 months. She visits three mental health professionals, and each one diagnoses her with Major Depressive Disorder. In actuality, she has a glandular condition called hypothyroidism which causes the same symptoms, but is not caused by a mental disorder. Andrea's experience with the three professionals represents

A) high reliability and high validity
B) high reliability and low validity
C) low reliability and high validity
D) low reliability and low validity

Question 10

Some researchers believe that food addiction should be considered a mental disorder in future versions of diagnostic systems. Other researchers believe that food addiction is not a real addiction that appears in people, and thus should not be included. This disagreement is over which of the following issues?

A) Reliability
B) Culture-bound syndromes
C) Treatment planning
D) Validity

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the extent to which a diagnosis or rating accurately characterizes a person's psychological status?

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Precision
D) Significance

Question 12

The purpose of a diagnostic manual is to provide

A) consistent diagnoses across people based on the presence or absence of a set of specific symptoms.
B) a clinician with a statistical model derived from data of different patients.
C) a list of names and contacts of mental patients who have been correctly diagnosed and successfully treated.
D) elaborate studies and documents of mentally retarded patients who have also had physical disabilities.

Question 13

The diagnoses contained in the current DSM-5 more closely correspond to those included in the

A) Physician's Desk Reference.
B) International Manual of Mental Diseases.
C) DSM-II.
D) International Classification of Diseases.

Question 14

Which is true about the ICD classification system for mental disorders?

A) The ICD is used only in developing countries.
B) The ICD does not include diagnostic categories for anxiety disorders.
C) The ICD is used only for research studies, and not for clinical diagnosis.
D) The ICD shares over 90 percent of diagnostic categories with the DSM system.

Question 15

An axis is a class of information in DSM-IV-TR regarding

A) one aspect of an individual's functioning.
B) a list of individuals suffering from schizophrenia.
C) the treatment of physical disabilities.
D) the number of cases pending with incorrect diagnosis.

Question 16

The DSM-5 adheres to the

A) psychoanalytic model.
B) behavioral model.
C) societal model.
D) medical model.

Question 17

The number of axes the previous version of the DSM, DSM-IV-TR, utilized along which clients were evaluated is

A) 2.
B) 5.
C) 7.
D) 10.

Question 18

Which of the following is a somatic symptom disorder?

A) Illness anxiety disorder
B) Binge eating disorder
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Kleptomania

Question 19

Disorders in which the normal integration of consciousness, memory, sense of self, or perception is disrupted are known as

A) adjustment disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) impulse-control disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following would be categorized as a sleep-wake disorder?

A) Depression
B) Neurosis
C) Delusion disorder
D) Insomnia disorder

Question 21

Which of the following disorders is characterized by disruption of normal integration of consciousness or perception?

A) Dissociative disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 22

Which of the following is characterized by a consistently sad mood?

A) Schizophreniform disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 23

The disorders which involve impairment in thought processes caused by medical conditions are called

A) neurocognitive disorders.
B) psychotic disorders.
C) schizophrenic disorders.
D) prognostic disorders.

Question 24

Which of the following disorders is NOT used in the DSM-5?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Neurosis disorder

Question 25

Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR contained

A) clinical disorders.
B) personality disorders and mental retardation.
C) organic brain disorders.
D) substance abuse disorders.

Question 26

Recurrent patterns of abnormal behavior that are limited to specific societies or cultural areas are defined as

A) mood disorders.
B) comorbid disorders.
C) culture-bound syndromes.
D) sociocultural criteria.

Question 27

Mr. Kang, a recent immigrant from China, is overwhelmed and distressed by the untimely death of his wife. His co-workers are concerned about his mental health because he believes he is in constant contact with her and can be seen talking to her on a regular basis. It is not likely that Mr. Kang would be diagnosed as having a mental disorder because his behavior

A) is an acceptable and culturally sanctioned response in his particular culture.
B) reflects a documented behavioral/psychological syndrome.
C) is not associated with his present distress and impairment.
D) cannot be explained using the medical model.

Question 28

A clinician assessing a client using DSM-5 criteria also asks questions from the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, including questions about daily hygiene and taking care of responsibilities at home and at work. The clinician is seeking information to make a determination of

A) general functioning.
B) physical disability.
C) dementia.
D) social skills.

Question 29

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Psychologists are in the business of handing out medication.
B) Louisiana became the first state to approve prescription privileges to psychologists.
C) Homicidal behavior can sometimes be attributed to a culture-bound syndrome called Amok.
D) Therapeutic work is effective only if the client has almost fully recovered.

Question 30

Mrs. Waltham is 75 years old and has been brought in for treatment by her daughter. Her daughter claims that Mrs. Waltham has not only become forgetful, but has begun fabricating stories about how she is a Bavarian princess who must return to her homeland to help the king. The clinician automatically diagnoses Mrs. Waltham as having schizophrenia. What important information has the clinician obviously ignored in making this diagnosis?

A) Occupational status
B) Client's age
C) Prevalence of this disorder
D) Client's sex

Question 31

An important early step for a clinician in the diagnostic process involves

A) ruling out differential diagnoses.
B) planning a treatment strategy.
C) gaining a clear description of the client's symptoms.
D) commencing the treatment program.

Question 32

The disorder that is considered to be the primary reason the individual seeks professional help is called the ________ diagnosis.

A) presenting
B) tertiary
C) developmental
D) principal

Question 33

Rajesh has come to see Dr. Walowitz because he has been suffering from significant anxiety for several months. Dr. Walowitz spends some time researching anxiety disorders, as this will be the main focus of the treatment. In this case, an anxiety disorder is the ________ diagnosis.

A) presenting
B) principal
C) developmental
D) tertiary

Question 34

According to the original National Comorbidity Survey, which of the following types of disorders was most commonly comorbid with other psychiatric diagnoses?

A) The schizophrenia-related disorders
B) Drug and alcohol substance use disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Mood disorders

Question 35

Multiple diagnostic conditions that occur simultaneously within the same individual are referred to as

A) comorbid disorders.
B) culture-bound syndromes.
C) differential diagnoses.
D) primary diagnoses.

Question 36

Martin was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He has also struggled for years with alcoholism, so in addition to his therapy sessions, his therapist recommends that he attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Based on this information, we can say that Martin

A) has an impulse-control disorder.
B) has a somatic symptom disorder.
C) has comorbid psychiatric conditions.
D) has a therapist who works in a community mental health center (CMHC).

Question 37

The process of ruling out possible alternative diagnoses is called a(n)

A) differential diagnosis.
B) compound diagnosis.
C) multifactorial assessment of functioning.
D) multiaxial diagnosis.

Question 38

Dr. Richards is treating Joey who is suffering from extreme anxiety. Dr. Richards finds that his patient's symptoms could also be suggestive of a substance-abuse disorder or a serious impulse-control problem. In this case, Dr. Richards should

A) consider a principal diagnosis treatment.
B) engage in differential diagnosis.
C) transfer Joey to a halfway house.
D) declare a simple case of dissociative identity disorder.

Question 39

An analysis of the client's development and the factors that may have influenced the client's current emotional state is called a

A) diagnosis.
B) prognosis.
C) classification.
D) case formulation.

Question 40

Dr. Burns is analyzing his client's personal history in an attempt to identify the factors that may have produced his psychotic behavior. Dr. Burns is creating a(n)

A) assessment of global functioning.
B) final diagnosis.
C) case formulation.
D) treatment regimen.

Question 41

Jenny has received a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. What might give you a more complete picture of this client's condition by presenting information about factors that may be influencing her situation?

A) A primary diagnosis
B) Her case formulation
C) Her long-term prognosis
D) The clinician's theoretical perspective

Question 42

Which of the following supports the argument in favor of prescription privileges for psychologists?

A) Psychiatrists receive medical training unlike psychologists.
B) Psychologists work as a team with psychiatrists to deal with disorders like schizophrenia.
C) Normal physicians have a broader knowledge base than psychologists.
D) Psychologists can integrate medication into psychotherapy if they can offer prescriptions for appropriate medications.

Question 43

The outline for how therapy should take place is known as

A) the treatment plan.
B) the case formulation.
C) the primary diagnosis.
D) psychoanalytic treatment.

Question 44

Which of the following is the proper sequence for treating a client's condition?

A) Short-term goals, immediate goals, long-term goals
B) Long-term goals, short-term goals, immediate goals
C) Immediate goals, long-term goals, short-term goals
D) Immediate goals, short-term goals, long-term goals

Question 45

Which of the following is an immediate goal in treatment planning of a client who is severely depressed and is actively suicidal?

A) Establish a working relationship between the clinician and the client
B) Admit the client to a hospital
C) Develop a strategy for coping with the symptoms
D) Take the client off the medication

Question 46

Donna's clinician has recommended electroconvulsive therapy in an attempt to control her drastic suicidal impulses.
What stage of treatment is she in?

A) Immediate goal
B) Assessment of objectives
C) Assessment of current functioning
D) Formulation of development strategy

Question 47

Roger is in the stage of therapy where he and his therapist are working on altering his long-standing patterns of dependent behavior. What phase of therapy is Roger in?

A) Immediate management
B) Assessment of objectives
C) Management of short-term goals
D) Management of long-term goals

Question 48

After a final diagnosis is made and a case formulation is constructed, what is the next step in treating a client?

A) Administration of medication
B) Deciding on a treatment site
C) Evaluation of the therapeutic outcome
D) Designing a treatment plan

Question 49

If a client needs intensive supervision, but not actual hospital care, a clinician might suggest a

A) community mental health center (CMHC).
B) halfway house.
C) psychiatric hospital.
D) specialized inpatient treatment center.

Question 50

What treatment site is usually recommended by a clinician when clients present a risk of harming themselves or others?

A) Community mental health center
B) Psychiatric hospital
C) Halfway house
D) Outpatient treatment center

Question 51

An outpatient clinic that provides psychological services on a sliding fee scale and serves individuals who live in a certain geographic region is called a(n)

A) halfway house.
B) psychiatric hospital.
C) community mental health center.
D) asylum.

Question 52

Which of the following treatment sites is recommended by clinicians for children who need constant monitoring due to severe behavioral disturbances?

A) Specialized inpatient treatment centers
B) Outpatient treatment centers
C) Psychiatric hospitals
D) Halfway houses

Question 53

Rob is receiving treatment for his psychological disorder from a private therapist in his neighbourhood. It is most likely that Rob is going to a

A) community mental health center.
B) halfway house.
C) psychiatric hospital.
D) psychoanalytic institute.

Question 54

Individuals who no longer need to live in an institutional setting, such as a psychiatric hospital, who are not yet ready for independent living often move into

A) CMHCs.
B) specialized inpatient treatment centers.
C) outpatient clinics.
D) halfway houses.

Question 55

Structured programs in a community treatment facility that provide activities similar to those provided in a psychiatric hospital are called

A) day treatment programs.
B) employee assistance programs.
C) assertive community treatment.
D) recovery programs.

Question 56

Michelle, who is recovering from schizophrenia, is being released from the psychiatric hospital because her symptoms are under control. Michelle's living skills, however, are still inadequate since she has been institutionalized for quite some time. What will her therapist most likely suggest?

A) Placement in an asylum
B) Readmission to the psychiatric hospital
C) Living in a halfway house
D) Admission to a sanitarium

Question 57

James is a person with schizophrenia who has delusions that the CIA is after him. He has been brought to a psychologist by the police after being arrested for assaulting an elderly woman whom he claimed was trying to kill him. Assuming that testing reveals that he truly is psychotic, where will the psychologist recommend that he be sent?

A) A community mental health center
B) A day treatment program
C) A halfway house
D) A psychiatric hospital

Question 58

Programs that provide confidential settings in the workplace where individuals can seek treatment in the form of counseling, assistance with substance abuse, and family treatment are known as

A) employee assistance programs.
B) day treatment programs.
C) unemployment benefit programs.
D) special employee programs.

Question 59

David is a junior at the local high school. The school's administration believes that his recent emotional outbursts during class may be due to problems in his home life. Who might be best to make initial attempts to assist with this situation?

A) The principal
B) A guidance counselor
C) A psychiatrist
D) An EAP counselor

Question 60

The form in which psychotherapy is offered (e.g., individual psychotherapy versus group therapy) is referred to as its

A) modality.
B) milieu.
C) mechanism.
D) delivery mode.

Question 61

Shelley is being treated by a therapist along with her parents and siblings. Which form of therapy is this most likely to be?

A) Group therapy
B) Family therapy
C) Milieu therapy
D) Social therapy

Question 62

Which of the following treatment processes is specific to psychiatric hospitals and is based on the premise that the environment is a major component of the treatment?

A) Group therapy
B) Traditional psychotherapy
C) Family therapy
D) Milieu therapy

Question 63

A treatment approach used in an inpatient psychiatric facility in which all facets of the environment are components of the treatment is referred to as

A) psychoanalytic therapy.
B) person-centered therapy.
C) milieu therapy.
D) group therapy.

Question 64

Shelly meets twice a week with a number of individuals who have problems similar to hers. They openly share their problems with others in a trusting, receptive environment which also facilitates improvement of their interpersonal skills. Shelly is participating in ________ therapy.

A) milieu
B) group
C) dynamic
D) social

Question 65

Ryan has been in trouble with the law for shoplifting and vandalism. His therapist has asked that Ryan's parents participate in his therapy sessions. What therapy modality is Ryan's therapist employing?

A) Group therapy
B) Family therapy
C) Milieu therapy
D) Dynamic therapy

Question 66

What is a current trend with regard to theoretical perspectives and treatment of psychological disorders?

A) The person-centered approach
B) The psychodynamic orientation
C) The object relations perspective
D) Combining elements from various orientations

Question 67

Integration of the best available proof offered by research and clinical expertise in the context of a client's life characterizes

A) evidence-based practice in psychology.
B) the results of the Epidemiological Catchment Area study.
C) the results of the National Comorbidity Survey.
D) data on the prevalence of disorders in minority populations.

Question 68

The idea that clinicians should adapt their knowledge of state-of-the-art research findings to different clients'
Particular backgrounds, needs, and prior experiences is called

A) integrative choice in psychology.
B) the adaptation model.
C) evidence-based practice in psychology.
D) mental health parity.

Question 69

Dr. Patel likes to stay on the cutting edge of research in her psychotherapy practice. She also feels strongly about recognizing the influences of a client's cultural background, personal preferences, and characteristics on the therapy process. We refer to clinical decision making that takes all of these areas under consideration as

A) adaptation therapy.
B) evidence-based practice.
C) combinatory counseling.
D) concatenation counseling.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a role of a good clinician while treating his/her client?

A) To infuse a deep personal interest in the matter
B) To show a sense of respect toward the problem of the client
C) To continually assess the effectiveness of the therapy being provided
D) To forcefully insert his/her own thoughts regarding the issue into the client's mind

Question 71

Of the following options, which is the most crucial determinant of whether or not therapy will be successful?

A) The clinician's theoretical perspective
B) The severity of the client's problem
C) The quality of the client-clinician relationship
D) The duration of the client's symptoms

Question 72

Which of the following types of information are people LEAST comfortable revealing to professionals?

A) Emotional
B) Financial
C) Legal
D) Medical

Question 73

Brian is a high-school student and has suffered with symptoms of major depressive disorder for six months. If a psychiatrist is consulted at this time, it is likely that Brian will face most difficulty in revealing the reason for his depression which is largely due to the separation of his parents because of

A) the financial nature of his problem.
B) legal implications.
C) the emotional nature of his problem.
D) technical complications.

Question 74

Despite the best treatment some patients show a lack of significant improvement because

A) most of the time clinicians fail to make a proper primary diagnosis.
B) they may lack the willingness to break old patterns of behavior.
C) recent data reveals that short-term goals are more successfully achieved than long-term goals of treatment.
D) modern medical science is not equipped to deal with major mental disorders.

Question 75

When a person's psychological symptoms have declined to the point where they are no longer significant enough to impact their well-being and are below the threshold for a DSM-based diagnosis, they are described as

A) being in remission.
B) cured.
C) healed.
D) experiencing a relapse.

Question 76

Marcus suffered from a significant problem with addiction to painkillers. He was arrested several times and had to go to intensive inpatient therapy to overcome his addiction. He has now been clean and sober for 7 years and participates in self-help groups to assist others who are recovering. Marcus's addiction could currently be best described as being

A) cured.
B) in relapse.
C) in remission.
D) dormant.

Question 77

Occupational therapists are professionals with a doctoral degree in psychology.

Question 78

The DSM-5 includes a section about assessment measures or diagnoses that are not considered well-established,
but that future research may determine should be included in the main system.

Question 79

Current diagnostic manuals are based on statistical research and findings as well as the collective wisdom of clinicians who provide treatment.

Question 80

Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR contained diagnoses of personality disorders and what was then called mental retardation.