Deck 9: Constraints in Sport Engagement

Question 1

The 2020 COVID pandemic is solely responsible for the decline in engagement and participation with sport events and teams.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Understanding constraints in sport engagement can provide what to marketing and management?

A) A better understanding of decision-making
B) Identify disadvantaged groups
C) Determine latent demand for sport consumption
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

__________ refers to a holistic approach to understanding customers' interactive experiences with brands or firms, where their intent is to co-create value beyond that which comes from the transactional exchange.

A) Customer engagement
B) Consumer reports
C) Customer satisfaction
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an important influence on customer engagement with sport?

A) Actor engagement
B) Seasonal engagement
C) Collective engagement
D) Non-transactional engagement

Question 5

___________ are defined as factors that are assumed by researchers and perceived or experienced by individuals to limit the formation of leisure preferences and to inhibit or prohibit participation.

A) Barriers
B) Constraints
C) Engagement
D) Containments

Question 6

Which of the following are categories of constraints for consumers?

A) Interpersonal
B) Intrapersonal
C) Structural
D) All of the above

Question 7

The inability to find a field to play a game of soccer is an example of what?

A) Structural constraint
B) External constraint
C) Lack of effort
D) Interpersonal constraint

Question 8

Which constraint category is the most powerful in determining sport engagement, according to the hierarchical model of leisure constraints?

A) Interpersonal
B) Intrapersonal
C) Structural
D) External

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an external constraint?

A) Financial
B) Schedule conflicts
C) Transportation issues
D) Alternative leisure choices

Question 10

If you and a group of friends plan a trip to Japan to watch the Tokyo Giants, which of the following would be considered a constraint?

A) Inability to speak Japanese
B) Concern over how much travel is required
C) Difficulty finding friends who will travel with you
D) All of the above

Question 11

An individual who decides they will not take a vacation because they would rather spend the money purchasing golf clubs would be an example of what?

A) Negotiating
B) Choosing
C) Constraints
D) Behavioural strategies

Question 12

____________ negotiation strategies relate to actions designed to change or strengthen positive attitudes towards sport and recreation.

A) Intrapersonal
B) Cognitive
C) Behavioural
D) Interpersonal

Question 13

Organizations' marketing and management practices can benefit from research considering leisure constraints because it can provide:

A) Identification of disadvantaged groups in terms of accessing sport and recreation services
B) A better understanding of how constraints interact with other personal and environmental factors
C) The segmentation of sport consumers based on how and which constraints are perceived as influential
D) All of the above

Question 14

Constraints are:

A) Real
B) Perceived
C) Subjective
D) All of the above

Question 15

Females generally perceive more leisure constraints than males.

Question 16

Your grandfather enjoys playing golf. However, he no longer feels physically strong enough to play 18 holes. Which of the following is the constraint affecting him?

A) Age
B) Education
C) Mental disability
D) All of the above

Question 17

In the sport context, _____________ positively influence(s) the expression of a preference for sport engagement and can interact with one or more of the constraint categories.

A) Awareness
B) Perceptions
C) Motivation
D) Social enhancement