Deck 4: The Critical Approach to Theory

Question 1

Which of the following concepts are central to the critical paradigm?

A) Power
B) Falsification
C) Oppression
D) Rationalism

Answer 1

A,C

Question 2

Which of the following definitions refers to ideology?

A) The ability to use communicative abilities to compel someone to do something
B) The ability to perform an act that will lead to a change in another person
C) A doctrine or belief system that guides a person or group of people
D) Filtering information to manipulate people's worldviews

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is/are the main aim(s) of critical research?

A) To provide findings that can be generalized to all societies
B) To understand power and oppression
C) To develop ways to overcome oppression
D) To understand individuals' own perceptions of their experiences

Answer 3

B,C

Question 4

Which type of power depends on fear, threats or punishment?

A) Reward power
B) Legitimate power
C) Coercive power
D) Persuasive power

Question 5

Which key philosopher proposed the notion of dialectic?

A) Foucault
B) Marx
C) Hegel
D) Gramsci

Question 6

From a Marxist viewpoint, what does "state repression" mean?

A) It is the power of the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) over the state
B) It is the power of the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) over the working class (the proletariat)
C) It is the power of the state to exert power over its subjects
D) It is the power of the state to protect the ruling class, maintain production, and exploit the working class

Question 7

Which of the following concepts is NOT essential to postmodernism?

A) Discourse
B) Polysemy
C) Aesthetics
D) Identity

Question 8

How is identity view by postmodernism?

A) Identity is primarily related to class
B) Identity is something we perform
C) Identity is related to power
D) All of the above

Question 9

What aspects refer to critical theories?

A) They recognize the influence of power, ideology and oppression on society
B) They help generalize researchers' interpretations
C) They are value-free and emphasize objectivity
D) They have statements or propositions to help understand how they function

Question 10

What does "hegemony" refer to?

A) The domination of a group over other groups
B) The dominant ideology controlling other ideologies
C) The ideology that is shared by most people

Question 11

Which form of power does the following example illustrate? "A child is given cookies for doing chores or not given cookies when chores are not done."

A) Coercive power
B) Persuasive power
C) Reward power
D) None of the above

Question 12

What concept refers to a tension between an idea and its contradiction?

A) Hegemony
B) Power
C) Dialectic
D) Ideology

Question 13

From a Marxist perspective, what are the two ways in which power can be maintained?

A) Through state repression
B) Through physical fight
C) Through ideological means

Question 14

What led to the development of postmodernism?

A) The decline of Marxism
B) The opposition to previous definitions of "modernity"
C) The domination of Marxism in critical studies

Question 15

How do postmodernists define "power"?

A) It is something one has
B) It is something one does
C) It is related to discourse

Question 16

Which of the following statement(s) refer to postmodernism?

A) The aim of research is to find universal truths
B) It is impossible to find one truth about any discourse
C) A discourse can have only one meaning
D) There are no universal values and grand narratives

Question 17

Which of the following statements refer to feminist research?

A) It examines how gender affects individuals' lives
B) It aims at offering ways to liberate individuals from patriarchal oppression
C) It argues that reality is not influenced by power dynamics

Question 18

What does "reflexivity" entail for critical researchers?

A) It is an accurate way of measuring the validity of claims
B) It is a process through which researchers reflect on their own work
C) It is the critique of one's and others' work

Question 19

Which of the following are examples of political ideologies?

A) Communism
B) Racism
C) Liberalism
D) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following institutions play a role in shaping public consciousness?

A) Entertainment media
B) News media
C) Education
D) All of the above

Question 21

How does ideology relate to power?

Question 22

What is theory for critical/cultural researchers?

Question 23

What is the purpose of research for critical/cultural researchers?