Deck 6: Intermediaries for Sustainability Transitions

Question 1

What is the correct definition of the term, "intermediaries?"

A) A firm that links individual behavior to organizational level changes as well as connecting organizations to each other via networks and partnerships
B) Individuals or organizations that analyze, filter, and transfer knowledge between one or more actors
C) Organizations that connect green innovation systems to triple-bottom-line economic development strategies through their ability to link policy solutions to problems at key times during windows of opportunity
D) None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following are not actors that interact between niches and regimes?

A) Policy makers
B) Corporate stockholders
C) Innovation intermediaries
D) A and B
E) A and C

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Environmental champions play a very important role in linking sustainable behavior to organizational sustainability changes?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following are general functions or activities of environmental champions?

A) Identify important sustainability issues that may not be related to the organization
B) Conduct research to determine possible solutions
C) Present new alternatives or plans to leadership within the organization
D) All of the above

Question 5

Policy entrepreneurs are defined as:

A) Actors who are hired by an organization to lobby state and federal governments to pass legislation in favor of the firm they work for
Policy experts who are contracted by organizations to explain the recent passage of legislation and the ramifications it might have on the firm
C) Elected or non-elected government or governance actors who "try to effect change" and who "use their agency to do so" by "using the resources and strategies available to them to achieve their desired outcome"

Question 6

Policy entrepreneurs can play as many roles as needed in all of the regime subsystems

Question 7

Boundary spanners…

A) Link organizations to its environment
B) Foster international trade by breaking down barriers
C) Is a term used to describe the change in geography due to improvements in communication technology
D) Are of little importance to sustainability transitions

Question 8

Climate and sustainability problems can be linked across governance scales by ______?

A) Champions
B) Policy entrepreneurs
C) Professional athletes
D) Boundary chains

Question 9

Which of the following are examples of sustainability-oriented innovation intermediaries?

A) Science parks
B) Incubator centers
C) Universities
D) Accelerator centers
E) All of the above

Question 10

Innovation intermediaries have a series of functions in promoting sustainable ideas and technologies. Which of the following is not one of these functions?

A) Help start-ups prototype, test, and commercialize green technology
B) Shape federal level policies by offering expertise on how to improve national security
C) Help entrepreneurs connect to external actors who have sustainability skills and competencies
D) Scan for sustainability related ideas that researchers are developing within university laboratories or research and technology parks

Question 11

What is the correct order that incubators work in sustainable development?

A) Innovations -> Business -> Ideas
B) Ideas -> Innovations -> Business
C) Business -> Ideas -> Innovations
D) Innovations -> Ideas -> Business

Question 12

Policy entrepreneurs are regime actors

Question 13

In linking the niche to the regime, innovation intermediaries are crucial for…

A) Giving niche actors tools to succeed in the marketplace
B) Creating new products that will be commercialized in order to make a profit
C) Helping niche actors transform innovation processes into green job creation and triple-bottom-line economic development
D) Lobbying against strict regulations on green technology

Question 14

To create change towards sustainability, the regime needs…

A) Fewer policy entrepreneurs
B) To remain strict on what technologies are allowed to develop in the marketplace
C) More landscape experiments
D) A more favorable policy mix for green innovation and triple-bottom-line economic development

Question 15

Sustainability professionals can be champions, policy entrepreneurs, or boundary spanners?

Question 16

Functions of universities in creating change in society include:

A) Knowledge creation
B) Mobilization of resources to focus on solving problems that could have private economic or public benefits
C) Knowledge dissemination
D) Generating solutions to issues in society
E) All of the above

Question 17

Which state underwent a significant green energy transition after the 2008 recession?

A) Arizona
B) Massachusetts
C) Florida
D) Michigan

Question 18

It is impossible to reduce carbon emissions while increasing GDP

Question 19

Which powerful regime actor(s) in the U.S. inhibited a national sustainability transition?

A) Housing industry
B) Car industry
C) Oil and Gas Industry
D) Both B and C
E) None of the above

Question 20

Firms commonly use ___ innovations to defend the existing regime:

A) Incremental
B) Radical
C) Short-term
D) Irrelevant